NOTES
(version 1a)

BERKSHIRE. In red, across the top of the page, spread above both columns: BERROCHESCIRE on folio 56ab, BERCHESCIRE folio 56cd, abbreviated to BERCHSCIRE after folio 58ab (PM).

L	LANDHOLDERS. The order of the holdings of Battle Abbey, chapter 16, and the Abbess of Winchester, chapter 15, is reversed in the text (PM).
B1	WALLINGFORD. The borough is described in exceptional detail. The wording distinguishes between hagae and mansurae ('sites' and 'messuages'), and gives individual values for each, with a separate category of 'houses' (domus). It lists both sites and messuages within the borough, held by landholders in Berkshire and Oxfordshire, and sites in many villages which belong to Wallingford, but were held by landholders. The meaning of much of the material is not clear and awaits further study (PM).
	8 VIRGATES. 2 hides, or 240 acres on Domesday reckoning, with 286 sites (276 less 13, plus 23 held by William of Warenne and the Frenchmen), an average of a little under an acre for each site. The area enclosed by the walls of the Old English borough is only about 100 acres. The details do not add up to the total and are probably not meant to; listed are 132 mansurae, 72 hagae and 10 domus, in all 214. The 286 sites are probably those within the walls; those not listed as held by various persons were probably the king's (PM).
	THE CASTLE. Built by 1071 when the Abbot of Abingdon, Ealdred, was imprisoned there, Abingdon Chronicle, i. p. 486 (PM).
	[* ALWY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	HENRY [* OF FERRERS *]. Nigel holds from Henry of Ferrers in 21,8, identifying Henry here (JP).
B2	MILES [* CRISPIN *]. The reference to Newnham Murren identifies Miles, who held that manor (OXF 35,11) (JP).
B3	ROBERT D'OILLY. See 1,12 Robert note and 41 Robert note (JP).
	HUGH THE LARGE ^[OF "SCOCA"]^. Hugo Magnus is equivalent to Hugo Grandus, possibly the same man as Hugh the large of "Scoca"; see B9 "Scoca" note (PM).
	HUGH OF [B]OLBEC. Molebec is a manuscript error, repeated at B5, for Bolebec and common elsewhere in Domesday; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 73, 127 (PM).
B4	BISHOP PETER'S [* OF CHESTER *]. Bishop Peter of Chester 1072-1085. The see was transferred from Lichfield in 1075, and to Coventry in 1102 (PM).
	BISHOP REMIGIUS [* OF LINCOLN *]. Remigius of Fécamp was promised the Bishopric of Dorchester in 1066 in return for ships furnished to William. He succeeded Wulfwin of Dorchester who died in 1067, and translated the see to Lincoln between 1072 and 1086 (PM).
B5	ROBERT D'OILLY. See 1,12 Robert note and 41 Robert note (JP).
B6	ROBERT D'OILLY. See 1,12 Robert note and 41 Robert note (JP).
	RALPH PIERCEHEDGE. Son-in-law of Gilbert Latimer who held Garsington in Oxfordshire (OXF 9,7) from the Abbey of Abingdon; see Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 34-35, 89 (PM).
	REINBALD THE PRIEST. See 1,22 Reinbald note (JP).
	CONTESTED[?]. The Latin is singa, which is unintelligible, probably a copyist's error. VCH Berkshire, i. p. 326, proposes singula but that would be redundant. In the light of the following clause Dr Morris supposed some unidentified original word meaning 'contested' (PM).
		Palaeographically (given long s; flat topped z for g in error for short t involved with some loop or ascender from a following line; the bow and tongue of e involved in the cross of t; the copyist's omission of a first syllable; and perhaps a transliteration from Insular to Caroline miniscule) singa could be a mistake for a garbled form of, say, Latin (con)sueta or (di)ruta. Both 'disused', 'discontinued' and 'ruined', 'broken down' would be sensible in the context (PM).
	BRICTRIC. The Domesday form Bristist is Old English Beorhtric (final -c assibilated 'rich'). Von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 198, reports the spellings Bristrix, Brictricius in which x, ci probably represent phonetic [ts], here metathesised and represented st (PM).
B8	"ADBREI". Dr Morris thought this a place-name A[l]d[e]beri (possibly Albury, Oxfordshire, see Place-Names of Oxfordshire, i. p. 191, and compare B3), rather than a personal name, but it is in a list of persons, and it is a feasible mistake for adb't, that is ad[el]bert[us], which represents Old English Aethelbeorht, or Eadbeorht (PM).
		If this is a personal name, this is the only occurrence of this form in Domesday Book (JP).
	MILES MOLAY. Presumably Miles Crispin; Moli is presumably his place of origin, probably Molay in Calvados; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 128 (PM).
B9	THANES HAD LAND. 'Thane' is an unusual description of ecclesiastical and secular magnates; so is the statement that a dozen magnates, who held land in many counties, had held Wallingford in the past, but evidently no longer held it. No emendation or transposition of the heading offers any practicable alternative. The circumstances of the change in landholding are not explained (PM).
		The named places are all in Oxfordshire. All but Wace are named there as holders in the places named (PM).
	ABBOT R[HIWALLON?]. R. is possibly Abbot Rhiwallon of the New Minster at Winchester (later Hyde Abbey), 1072-1088 (PM).
	ROBERT D'OILLY. See 1,12 Robert note and 41 Robert note (JP).
	CROWMARSH [GIFFORD]. The Domesday form is Crem. VCH Berkshire, i. p. 326, has ?Crowmarsh Gifford. This supposes a miscopied abbreviation form such as Crau', for Craumares (PM).
	"SCOCA". An unidentified place, perhaps in France. However, the first c- may be a misreading of t-, whence Stoca ('Stoke'), usually spelt Stoch(e), Stocha in Domesday, but Stoc(a) appears in, for example, Stoke Fleming, Devon, in Stoke Prior, Herefordshire, and in Stoke-sub-Hamdon, Somerset (PM).
	DROGO [* OF LES ANDELYS *]. See 18,2 Drogo note.
B10	ONE MAN-AT-ARMS ... 5 HIDES. At some point during the Old English period the assessment for military service was reduced from one man from each hide (an obligation based on the family) to one man from a number of hides. The reduction is assumed to have been to one man from 5 hides, or in the Scandinavian counties to one man from 6 carucates. Much of the evidence is given by Round, Feudal England, pp. 47-76, and the basis of the reduction is here clearly stated in the Berkshire entry. It is recalled in the common Domesday place-name FIVEHIDE (see Fyfield, 21,15-16) where the assessment was often higher; the allusion of the place-name being to a common unit of assessment rather than a statement of extent; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 408, and references there (PM).
	[THE REASON TO] STAY BEHIND. The meaning of the passage is clear; but the grammar of remanendi habens... mittere permitteret is unusual (PM).
		The second paragraph, as argued by Stenton, The First Century of English Feudalism, p. l19, recalled a more universal obligation of service upon the thanes, but in the context a back-reference to the 'one man-at-arms from 5 hides' seems more likely (PM).
	DEATH-DUTY. The relevatio, relevium, the 'relief' or 'heriot', was paid by the heir on taking up his inheritance. The scale of rates was laid down in the law codes, especially , especially 2 Canute 71 and 'Laws of King William' 20 [Robertson, Laws of the Kings of England, pp. 210-11, 262-63]. The villanus paid an ox, cow or horse, the censarius ('tributary') a year's tribute (PM).
	HAD DOGS. The French construction essent ei for 'had' is unusual in Domesday (PM).
1,1	ALBERT THE CLERIC. His land in Windsor was granted to Abingdon Abbey c.1110, terram illam et domum de Windresores quae fuit Alberti ['that land and house in Windsor that was Albert's'): Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 112 (PM).
1,3	50s. [£50]. The manuscript has '50s', probably in error (PM).
	REINBALD THE PRIEST. See 1,22 Reinbald note (JP).
1,4	WALTHAM. Probably Waltham St Lawrence (PM).
1,5	[* BISHOP *] WILLIAM BEAUFOUR. Bishop of Thetford 1085-1091, succeeded by Herbert Losinga who transferred the see to Norwich (PM).
1,7	HERVEY [* THE COMMISSIONER *]. Identified in Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 255 (JP).
1,8	EARL ROGER. Earl of Hereford, son of William fitzOsbern, forfeited his lands after the rebellion of 1075. His lands had not yet been granted to others (PM).
	AELEVA. The Domesday form here, Aileua, and the form Eileua in 61,2 represent Old English Ælfgifu: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 173. In his note to the Phillimore printed edition Philip Morgan thought that the T.R.E. holder in 65,17 (Alueua) was 'probably the same woman' as the Aileua here and the Eileua in 61,2. However, the form Alueua represents a different name: Old English Æthelgifu (von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 183).
1,9	DOES NOT PAY TAX. Or 'did not pay tax' (PM).
1,10	SPARSHOLT. Entered under Wantage Hundred here and at 21,12. 35,5, but under 'Slotisford' Hundred at 55,4. Like Childrey (see 28,2 Childrey note), mostly under Wantage Hundred, partly under 'Slotisford' Hundred. See also 7,38 Fawler note (PM).
	FROGER THE SHERIFF. Of Berkshire. According to the Abingdon chronicler he had been responsible for the despoliation of the abbey and its estate after the Conquest. 'In these acts Froger, then sheriff of Berkshire, was prominent. But God the Judge later punished this mighty man who persecuted the humble, for the royal justice deprived him of the office which he had turned into a tyranny, and he spent the remainder of his life in brutish want despised by all': Abingdon Chronicle, i. pp. 486, 494. The translation is given in English Historical Documents, ii. p. 901 (PM).
		See also 1,43 Froger note (JP).
1,12	WULFFLED. A woman, Old English Wulfflaed; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 418. Compare Leflet for Leoffled (1,13) which is Old English Leofflaed: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 311 (PM).
	ROBERT [* D'OILLY *]. Perhaps d'Oilly; compare 1,13 and BRK 41 Robert note (PM).
		Identified in Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 378; see also 41 Robert note (JP).
1,13	'SUTTON'. Probably part of the manor of Sutton Courtenay (see 1,37), which belonged to Wantage Hundred. Compare East Hendred, Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 38, a manor territorially in Wantage Hundred, but assessed under Sutton Hundred (PM).
	LEOFFLED. See 1,12 Wulffled note (PM).
	ROBERT [* D'OILLY *]. See 1,12 Robert note (JP).
1,14	HIS LORD'S MANOR. Probably adjacent to Wargrave (1,15), perhaps in Hurley ('Beynhurst' Hundred), 38,5 (PM).
1,17	SWALLOWFIELD. Entered here under 'Charldon' Hundred. It is under Reading Hundred at 1,46 for 1 hide which 'lies in [the lands of] Swallowfield which is in 'Charldon' Hundred' (see 7,14 Boxford note), and under Reading Hundred at 64,2 where a hundred rubric is probably missing (PM).
	FREEHOLD. A continental term, alodium, defined as haereditas quam vendere et donare possum .. mea propria ['an inheritance which I can sell and give away ... my very own'] and as praedium, id est alodium ['an estate, that is freehold'] from the ninth century. Used in Domesday in the south-east, often with sicut ('like a') for holdings that resembled continental alodium. The Sussex returns identify the Domesday meaning; the same holding, held by the same person, is described first as sicut alodium and later as 'he could go where he would'. Elsewhere libere tenuit, se recedere [potuit] ['he held it freely; he could leave'] and similar phrases have the same meaning. The word is not, of course, at all points identical with modern 'freehold'. In Domesday it is virtually confined to the south and south-east. See SUS 10,51 freehold note.
	[***]. In the manuscript there is a gap. HAM 43,4 records that 'Gilbert (of Bretteville) also holds Bramshill with the king's manor, Swallowfield, which is in Berkshire'. Bramshill is just across the border. The manuscript gap is long enough to have been left for an allusion to Gilbert's holding here (PM).
	SAXI <OF CLATFORD>. Six of Saxi's seven holdings were valuable, high status manors held directly from the Crown (1,17-18;46. HAM 1,25. 50,1. 61,1), four of which were retained by the Conqueror in his own hands; the seventh, though modest, was shared with another magnate, Bondi the constable (HAM 62,1). The holdings of his closest namesake, the royal thane or guard holding several valuable manors in Buckinghamshire, Cambridgeshire, and Hertfordshire, were some 50 miles or more away. He may conceivably be the same man; but without tenurial or other associations to support an identification, it is safest to treat them as separate individuals. See also Clarke, English Nobility, p. 337, whose list omits Empshott (HAM 62,1) (JP).
1,18	SAXI <OF CLATFORD>. See 1,17 Saxi note (JP).
1,19	EARL HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
1,20	VALUE. Possibly, but less likely, 'Value before 1066 and later £4; now £3.' (PM)
1,21	VALUE. See 1,20 value note (PM).
1,22	BRAY. Entered here under Bray Hundred and under 'Beynhurst' Hundred at 65,6. The west part of the territory of Bray adjoins White Waltham which is 'Beynhurst' territory; but in 65,6 the church is in the 'Beynhurst' manor, so the geography is not that simple: compare Childrey 55,3 (see 28,2 Childrey note), whose church-village was in the 'other' hundred (PM).
	REINBALD [* THE PRIEST *]. Norman favourite of Edward the Confessor, possibly the first chancellor of England, and landowner in nine counties after the Conquest, better known as Reinbald of Cirencester; see Keynes, 'Regenbald the Chancellor (sic)'; identified here in Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 315 (JP).
1,24	'NAKEDTHORN'. The Domesday form Nachededorne means 'bare/naked thorn'. The earlier name (and meeting place?) of Compton Hundred, possibly part of the later manor of Compton; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 495. Possibly unica spinosa arbor, the 'single [thorny] tree' where Alfred beat the Danes at Ashdown in 870: Asser, Life of King Alfred, p. 238 (PM).
1,26	GODRIC THE SHERIFF. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
	KNOW HOW. Or 'by what authority' (PM).
1,27	SHALBOURNE. Now in Wiltshire. In Domesday there were four manors here, the largest in Berkshire. The county boundary divided the parish until the late nineteenth century (PM).
	REEVE'S LAND. Una hida fuit de Reue Land ... in which Reue Land is obviously a technical term or a name in Old English not translated into Latin. It would be Old English gerefan land, 'land of the steward of the manor, the reeve's land' (PM).
	GODRIC THE SHERIFF. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
1,28	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. Azur <of Slindon> was one of the wealthiest thanes in southern England, his large estate centred in Sussex but spread across six counties and as far afield as Gloucestershire. Although there are no specific links which establish that this Azur is Azur of Sussex, the size of the estate, its royal connections, and its location between other of Azur <of Slindon>'s holdings in Wiltshire and Hampshire, make it a likely, though unprovable, identification. See also SUS 9,87 Azur note. (JP).
1,31	BOORS. The manuscript has burs (usually Latinized as buri), Old English (ge)bur. For the status and function of the (ge)bur and other ranks of rural society as described in eleventh-century documents, see the 'Survey of the manor of Tidenham, Gloucestershire' in Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. cix, pp. 204-207, 451-54, which distinguishes the thegn, (ge)neat, cotsetla and (ge)bur. Most authorities avoid either an adequate translation or explanation. Domesday does equate the buri with the coliberti (see 7,6 freedmen note) on three occasions (HAM 1,10;23. WOR 8,10a), where vel coliberti is interlined (see Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, pp. 36-38). They appear in fourteen shires. The drift of Maitland's argument is that they are less free than the smallholder and cottager, but often possessors of two plough beasts (PM).
1,32	KINGSTON LISLE. See 7,38 Fawler note (PM).
	GODRIC LOST THE SHERIFFDOM. The Abingdon Chronicle, i. pp. 484, 491, reports that Godric was killed at Hastings: 'Godric likewise was killed in the same battle (of Hastings)'. Perhaps here, but certainly below at 21,13 ('Godric appropriated it ... after the Battle of Hastings'), Domesday assumes that he had survived the battle (PM). See also 1,37 Godric note (JP).
1,34	[* EARL *] HAROLD. The name Harold is one of the most common in Domesday Book, occurring over 700 times; but it probably represents fewer than 20 individuals, of whom Earl Harold Godwinson is overwhelmingly the most significant, Harold son of Earl Ralph of Hereford being the only other individual of any consequence. In a large number of cases, unfortunately, the scribe has not given Harold his title. In Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, for instance, he is described as earl only once in each county (ESS B3k. NFK 3,2. SUF 68,1) though he undoubtedly held a large number of estates in all three, possibly all but two of those recorded in the three counties. However, there are surprisingly few cases where there is real cause for uncertainty about identifying the earl: the royal estates, the larger manors, the lordship over men, his territorial predominance in some areas, association with members of his family, and relationships between estates, serve to distinguish him in the majority of cases; but see BUK 17,22 Harold note. Ann Williams, 'Land and Power', pp. 171-87, 230-34, discusses Harold's estates and those of his men; and Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 164-91, lists them. Clarke tends to omit the dependencies where Harold is not explicitly named, or holdings named only in satellite texts (CON 4,2. KEN 2,5;41;43). He has also omitted the following: BUK 3a,5. 26,11. 30,1. CHS 8,41. ESS 1,23. HEF 1,56. 17,2. HRT 1,15. 5,5. HUN 13,1-3. NFK 8,33. 9,178; 233. 20,8;19;24;31. 21,16;22;33-34. 22,2-8. 26,3. NTT 3,1-3. OXF 58,30. SUF 1,119. 36,3;5-7;15. 38,21. 39,17. 67,12;17. 76,6;20;23. SUR 26,1. WIL 18,2. 41,1; and the entries for GLS 30,1 and 50,3 have been confused (JP).
	BISHOP OSMUND. Of Salisbury, 1087-1099 (PM).
	ALSI [* OF FARINGDON *]. English survivor who held land in Berkshire, Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire after the Conquest. He took his name from this manor. See Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, pp. 118-19; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 138 (JP).
1,35	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
1,36	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
1,37	SUTTON [COURTENAY]. The exactions of its reeve, Alfsi, on the Abingdon estates are reported in the Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 10-11 (PM).
	GODRIC [* THE SHERIFF *]. Godric is twice named as the predecessor of Henry of Ferrers (1,37 and 21,13); this and his official status enable him to be identified in many cases. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 309-310 (JP).
1,38	HENDRED. This is East Hendred; entered under Wantage Hundred at 3,2. 17,9. 65,13 and under Sutton Hundred here and at 21,17. It may be that the irregular shape of East Hendred parish (when compared with that of West Hendred) is due to the inclusion of part of the territory of Sutton Hundred (PM).
	HENRY [* OF FERRERS *]. 21,17 identifies this hide as part of the fief of Henry of Ferrers. His tenant there was Henry [* of Fyfield *] so either Henry may be referred to here though the tenant-in-chief is the more likely meaning (JP).
	GODRIC [* THE SHERIFF *]. 21,17 identifies the Godric in this entry as Godric the sheriff (JP)
	DOGS. Modern breeds of hunting dogs are termed 'hounds'; it is doubtful if the specialized strains had been bred by 1086 (PM).
1,39	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
	ROBERT D'OILLY. See 1,12 Robert note and 41 Robert note (JP).
	VALUE ... NOW £32. Farley has £22 for £32, in error (PM).
	AS THEY SUSPECT ... HOLDS IT. The manuscript has Robertus ... istud ten[et] ut suspicant, not, as Farley has, ten'ut (PM).
1,40	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
	ALSI [* OF FARINGDON *]. See 1,35 Alsi note (JP).
1,41	55s. Manuscript xxxv with l written above; that is 35s corrected to 55s (PM).
	17s 6d. The manuscript form was altered from xiiii by joining together the first two minims (PM). [Farley read .xiiii. in error.]
1,42	GODRIC THE SHERIFF. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
	LODGING. Hospitium, probably as his town house, rather than as a guest house (PM).
	THEREFORE. Manuscript Idō is probably for ideo, ('therefore'), rather than idonee 'properly' (PM).
	REINBALD SON OF BISHOP PETER. Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 255, suggests that the nephew (presumably son) of Bishop Peter may be Reinbald of Cirencester, otherwise known as Reinbald the priest, the chancellor (JP).
1,43	FROGER [* THE SHERIFF *]. Evidently the sheriff of 1,10, acting in the typically high-handed manner of sheriffs on royal manors. These are the only two occurrences of this name in Domesday Book. See also 1,10 Froger note (JP).
1,44	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
1,45	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
1,46	SAXI <OF CLATFORD>. See 1,17 Saxi note (JP).
2,1	MARGINAL fac is not reproduced by Farley. Its meaning is obscure (PM).
2,2	OF HIS BISHOPRIC. That is, not for the monks and not held personally (PM).
	BISHOP STIGAND. Bishop of Winchester 1047-1070 and Archbishop of Canterbury 1052-1070 (PM).
3,1	AUBREY OF COUCY HELD. The manuscript has tenuit Albericus de Coci, Farley has tenuit de ... (PM).
3,2	1 ½ HIDES. They probably lay at East Hendred (PM).
	BISHOP HERMAN. Of Sherborne 1058-1078; a German from Lotharingia [Lorraine], von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 290 note 2 (PM).
4,1	EARL HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
	WALTHAM [ABBEY]. The Abbey of Waltham Holy Cross in Essex founded by Earl Harold in 1060. The coincidence of the name of the manor and its owner is confusing; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 70 (PM).
5,1	BUCKLAND. See 7,47 Buckland note (PM).
	WEYS. Pensis caseorum, a weight or 'wey' of cheese was several hundredweight (from Old English waeg, 'a weight') (PM).
	VALUE 32s 4d. The figure does not divide by 10. Possibly an error for 33s 4d, or 10 weys at 40d (PM).
6,1	ODDA. Or Odo, perhaps Odo of Winchester, see 10,1 (PM).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book (JP).
		The Domesday form Oda occurs several times in Domesday Hampshire and Staffordshire, while the forms Ode and Odo appear to be related and probably represent either Old English Od(d)a or Old Norse/Old Danish Oddi, Old Swedish Odde and Old German Odo; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names in Domesday Book, p. 333.
7	ABINGDON CHURCH. The Abingdon Chronicle, composed by a monk of the house during the early twelfth century, survives in two manuscripts of the thirteenth century; it transcribes early charters and preserves the Abingdon tradition of events on the monastic estate in the aftermath of the Conquest. Perhaps its best known passages deal with the imposition of military service upon the ecclesiastical estate shortly after the Conquest. 'The affairs of the kingdom being in such a state of uproar, the lord Abbot Aethelhelm safely guarded with a strong force of men-at-arms the place committed to him (that is Windsor Castle); and at first indeed he used stipendiaries for this purpose. But after the disturbances had died down, since it was noted in the annals by command of the king how many men-at-arms were to be exacted from bishops and abbots for the defence of the realm should need arise, the abbot, having previously refrained from such grants, thenceforth assigned to kinsmen manors from the church's possessions, in each case in return for the stipulated service from the manor thus given. These lands had been held by those called thanes who had fallen in the battle of Hastings': Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 3.
		The relationship of Abbot Aethelhelm's list of knights, composed before 1084, to the Domesday (Berkshire) entries is given below (PM):
		ABINGDON CHRONICLE*	DOMESDAY BOOK
	Warriss of Palences†: 4 men-at-arms
Dry Sandford
Leverton	7 hides	7,9
7,35	Hugh the cook
"Hezelin"	2 hides
4½ hides	
Chilton	5 hides	7,34	Wynric	5 hides	
Denton (Oxfordshire)	2 hides	----	----------------------------	---------	
Wadley	1 hide	----	----------------------------	---------	
Bayworth
Sunningwell	4 hides	7,10
7,11	Eskil and Gilbert
Berner	10 hides
5 hides	

	Reginald of St Helens: 3 men-at arms
Garsington (Oxfordshire)	5 hides	----	----------------------------	---------	
Frilford	4 hides	7,18	Reginald	4 hides	
Lyford	3 hides	7,25	Reginald	3 hides	
West Hendred	2 hides	----	----------------------------	---------	

	Eskil: 2 men-at-arms
Seacourt	---------	7,2	Eskil	5 hides	
Bayworth	5 hides	7,10	Eskil and Gilbert	10 hides	
Marcham	1 hide	7,17	Eskil	1 hide	

	Warin : ½ man-at-arms
Sugworth	4 hides	7,11	Warin	4 hides	

	Hubert 1 man-at-arms
Wytham	5 hides	7,3	Hubert	5 hides	

	Reinbald : 1 ½ men-at-arms
Sunningwell
Kennington	2 hides
3 hides	7,11	Berner	5 hides	
Garford	2 hides	7,21	Berner	2 hides	
Boxford	2 hides	7,14	Berner	2 hides	
Cumnor	2 hides	7,1	Abingdon Abbey	30 hides	
Frilford	1 hide	7,18	Reinbald	1 hide	
Longworth	1 hide	7,39	Abingdon Abbey	8 hides	

	Reinbald: 1 man-at-arms
Tubney	---------	7,19	Reinbald	1 hide	

	Herbert son of Herbert: 1 man-at-arms
Leckhampstead	10 hides	7,14	Reinbald	10 hides	

	Walter of Rivers: 2 ½ men-at-arms
Beedon	---------	7,15	Walter of Rivers	8 hides	

	Walter of Rivers: ½ man-at-arms
Bradley (in Chieveley)	---------	7,12	William (of Jumièges)	5 hides	

	Walter Giffard: 1 man-at-arms
Lyford	7 hides	7,24	Walter Giffard	7 hides	

	Hugh of Buckland: 1 man-at-arms
Buckland	10 hides	7,47	Abingdon Abbey	5 hides	

	Gilbert of Colombières: 2 men-at-arms
"Horduuelle" (?)	---------	----	----------------------------	---------	
Uffington	6 hides	7,37	Gilbert	6 hides	

	Gilbert: 1 man-at-arms
Pusey	2 hides	7,43	Gilbert	2 hides	
Draycott Moor	2 hides	7,26	Gilbert	1 hide	
East Lockinge	1 hide	7,44	Gilbert	1 hide	

	Baldwin of Colombières: 1 man at arms
Fawler	---------	7,38	Eskil	10 hides	

	*(Rolls Series), ii. pp. 4-5
	†Warriss of Palences. The manuscript has Gueres de Palences; see Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Werry (PM).
7,2	ESKIL [* OF SEACOURT *]. Identified in the Abingdon Chronicle, ii. 37-37: see 7,38 Eskil note; see also Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 152, who outlines the colourful history of Eskil and his family (JP).
7,3	HUBERT. He was granted the land after his capture in the Channel by pirates, see 7,23 Hermer note (PM).
7,6	FREEDMEN. Latin colibertus is a continental term not otherwise found in England; used in Domesday to render a native term, stated on two occasions to be (ge)bur; see 1,31 boors note. The coliberti are found mainly in the counties of Wessex and western Mercia, particularly in Wiltshire and Somerset. As the name suggests they had originally (that is, in France) been slaves freed in groups, although by the eleventh century the name preserved only the memory of superior status (PM).
7,7	EDNOTH THE CONSTABLE. See 18,1 Ednoth note (JP).
	EARL HUGH GAVE IT. Reported in Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 19-20, to have been in return for £30 and a promise of confraternity at the house, although entered there under the date 1090 (PM).
7,10	ESKIL [* OF SEACOURT *]. See 7,2 Eskil note (JP).
7,11	BERNER [* NEPHEW OF ROBERT OF PERONNE *]. Named in 65,9 and in the Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 21-22, and probably the tenant of that name here and elsewhere on the abbey's fief and in the Chronicle: the name is uncommon, borne by about six individuals in Domesday Book. See also Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 167 (JP).
	5 HIDES. Three at Sunningwell and two at Kennington, see Douglas, 'Early Surveys from the Abbey of Abingdon', p. 623 (PM).
	OTHER. The manuscript has aliis, not as Farley Aliis (PM).
7,12	WILLIAM [* OF JUMIEGES *]. William of Jumièges appears later under the protection of Henry I when he quitclaimed this land, 'which Abbot Reginald (1084-1097) gave him unjustly,' to Abbot Faritius: Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 93, 129. The 5 hides lay in Bradley: Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 242. See BRK 7 Abingdon note. Both Aethelhelm and Reginald had been monks of Jumièges (PM).
7,14	WILLIAM [* OF JUMIEGES *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	BERNER [* NEPHEW OF ROBERT OF PERONNE *]. See 7,11 Berner note (JP).
	BOXFORD. Entered under Kintbury Hundred at 54,2. This entry describes land in Boxford territory which belongs to the manor of Welford in Rowbury Hundred. The Wickham Heath quarter of Boxford parish is called after Wickham Green in Welford. Boxford has since been a parish in Faircross Hundred which includes the Domesday Rowbury Hundred. Either a wrong or omitted hundred rubric, or Boxford an outlier of Kintbury Hundred which has since been absorbed into different, surrounding, hundreds to which some of its territory belonged. Compare the instance of Swallowfield (1,17 Swallowfield note) where the caput manerii is in 'Charldon' Hundred but some of the ground in Swallowfield territory is assessed or owes suit in Reading Hundred. The Hundred is not necessarily a geographical entity (PM).
7,15	WALTER OF RIVERS. Surname from one of the French places named La Rivière (Calvados, Pas de Calais); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 109-10. For the modern form, compare Wootton Rivers; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. xvi, ii. p. 357 (PM).
7,16	BENHAM. Entered here under Rowbury Hundred and under Kintbury Hundred at 54,3 and 65,11. Marsh Benham (SU4267) and Benham Park (SU4367) in Speen in [the later] Faircross Hundred (which includes Domesday's Rowbury Hundred); Benham Burslot (SU4070) and Hoe Benham (SU4169) now in Welford in Faircross Hundred; all the parts of Benham except Hoe and Burslot form a district on the north bank of the River Kennet (the hundred boundary) opposite Enborne in [the later] Kintbury Eagle Hundred [a merging of the Domesday hundreds of Kintbury and 'Eagle']. Perhaps part of Benham owed suit in Kintbury Hundred, part in Rowbury Hundred (the entry here could refer to Benham Burslot and Hoe Benham: these adjoin Wickham Heath (SU4169) in Rowbury Hundred territory; see 7,14 Boxford note); perhaps the Kintbury hundred boundary here crossed the River Kennet to take in the Benham district (PM).
7,17	ESKIL [* OF SEACOURT *]. See 7,2 Eskil note (JP).
7,18	REGINALD [* OF ST HELENS *]. Reginald of St Helens is a man-at-arms of the abbey; see BRK 7 Abingdon note. So named because he presumably lived at St Helens near the church; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. pp. 438-39 (PM).
	REINBALD, 1 HIDE. Described in Abbot Aethelhelm's list (see BRK 7 Abingdon note), et in Frileford, i hida, quam dedit Bernerus Turstino de Sancta Helena ['and in Frilford, 1 hide which Berner gave to "Turstin" of St Helen's']. Several of the lands held by Reinbald were later held by Berner in Domesday (PM).
	SALVI. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Book (JP).
7,21	BERNER [* NEPHEW OF ROBERT OF PERONNE *]. See 7,11 Berner note (JP).
	OF IT. The Latin is de eo. Possibly 'from him' (PM).
7,22	[EAST] HANNEY. Entered [here] under Marcham Hundred, but under Wantage Hundred at 17,8 (as also West Hanney at 20,1-2), and under Bucklebury Hundred at 36,2 (in the latter case a hundred rubric has probably been omitted). It is possible that East Hanney was held under more than one hundred. The territory adjoins Marcham parish and Hundred on the River Ock at SU4595; the place-name Landmead (SU440947) thought by Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 478 (on rather tentative grounds), to mean 'boundary meadow' might suggest an old manorial division of the township, not coincident with the present parish boundary; and it is noted also in Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 478, that there were three manors in Hanney in late medieval times (PM).
7,23	1 RIDINGMAN. Domesday Racheneste for Radchenest, Old English rad-cniht. Literally a man who rides (a horse); free men who performed riding services as messengers or escorts (PM).
	HERMER. Returning from Normandy several of the abbot's men-at-arms were involved in an attack by pirates. Hermer, who had not yet been provided with land (see BRK 7 Abingdon note: 'at first he used stipendiaries'), was mutilated by the loss of his hands. Out of pity the king ordered the abbot to provide for him at Denchworth de victualio monachorum ['from the victuals of the monks'], probably included here at Goosey, an adjacent place; see Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 6; and 7,3 Hubert note (PM).
7,25	LINDBALD THE MONK. See von Feilitzen Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 320; this is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (JP).
7,28	ROBERT [* D'OILLY *]. Identified in Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 378; see also 41 Robert note (JP).
7,29	ALWIN THE PRIEST. Erat enim legibus patriae optime institutus ['For he was excellently educated in the laws of his native land']: Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 27. He later obtained this land and the church at Sutton for his son, Siward, on payment of a fine of £5: Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 27 (PM).
7,30	HELD. The manuscript has ten'uit, corrected by Farley to tenuit (PM).
7,31	KING'S FOREST. The Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 7, records: ... regis arbitrio, ad forestam illic amplificandum, iiii hidae tunc exterminatae sunt ['by the king's decision, 4 hides were then put outside the boundary (of the manor) to increase the size of the forest there'. On this use of exterminare ('to separate, detach by a change of boundary', see Medieval Latin Dictionary under exterminare (b)]. Walter son of Other, the keeper of the forest (see BRK 31 Walter note), also took possession of woodland belonging to the abbey near Bagshot (in Surrey) and Jerdelea (Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 42). The creation of the forest did not pass without opposition: Praedictae autem villae Uuinkfeld regis forestarii plurimum infesti fiebant ['However, they became extremely hostile to Winkfield, the royal forester's vill']. The abbot was later able to produce a writ of William Rufus calling on Walter to allow the abbot to enjoy the wood of Winkfield without harassment: Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 29 (PM).
7,34	BLAECMANN. A wealthy priest who went into exile with Gytha, Harold's mother, and Abbot Ealdred of Abingdon. 'When he left England, everything which he possessed was taken into the hands of the king since he was held to be a renegade, and it was with the greatest difficulty that the abbot secured the restoration of his lands to the church': Abingdon Chronicle, i. p. 484 (PM).
	EARL HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
7,35	"HEZELIN". The same name as Ascelin (7,27), according to Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal-Names, p. 39 (PM).
	AS A HOLDING BEFORE 1066. The Latin is in feudo T.R.E. The circumstances of Blaecmann's exile (see 7,34 Blaecmann note) may account for the claim here that Blaecmann had held his land as a Holding before 1066. Domesday does not recognize the previous possession of the abbey, and in alodio and in feudo T.R.E. may perhaps be unwarranted glosses advanced by a Norman clerk (PM).
7,38	ESKIL [* OF SEACOURT *]. 'Eskil held Speresholt (now Fawler) for the service of 1 man-at-arms in the time of Abbot Reginald (1084-1097)': Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 125-26; see BRK 7 Abingdon note. William Rufus seized the land after Eskil's disgrace [and gave it to Turstin, his steward], although it was restored to the abbey by Henry I: Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 36-37 (PM).
		See also 7,2 Eskil note (JP).
	FAWLER. In Kingston Lisle; one of the three manors in the pre-Conquest estate named Sparsholt, now Fawler, Kingston Lisle and Sparsholt; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 372 (PM).
	PROVIDE. The son should maintain his father and inherit the manor after the father's death. The estate is now in the hands of the church, but the text does not make it clear how it was transferred. The subject of misit ('he put') is either Edric's son or the Abbot of Abingdon; erat is either 'where it was' or 'where he was', the subject being 'it' the manor, hence Fawler church, or 'he' Edric's son, hence Abingdon (PM).
7,40	2 VIRGATES. Perhaps in error for 2 hides (PM).
7,41	½ HIDE. In Charney Bassett: Douglas, 'Early Surveys from the Abbey of Abingdon', p. 623 (PM).
7,43	PUSEY. Entered under Gainfield Hundred here and at 13,1 and 44,5, and under Sutton Hundred at 21,19, although geographically the place is in Gainfield Hundred; see 21,18 Stanford note and 36,4 Hatford note. A hundred rubric may have been omitted at 21,18 (PM).
7,46	2 HIDES. In West Ginge: Douglas, 'Early Surveys from the Abbey of Abingdon', p. 623 (PM).
7,47	BUCKLAND. Entered here under Wantage Hundred, but under Gainfield Hundred at 5,1 and 17,12-13. Unless there is a lost and unidentified 'Buckland' in Wantage Hundred, either there is a hundred rubric error, or different parts of the territory of Buckland owed suit in different hundreds. The latter is perhaps more probable in view of the appearance of the Abingdon land at Buckland under Wantage Hundred in a pre-Domesday record of hidage on the abbey estate; see Douglas, 'Early Surveys from the Abbey of Abingdon', p. 623 (PM).
8,1	ROBERT D'OILLY. See 1,12 Robert note and 41 Robert note (JP).
	£12. Farley has £20, in error (PM).
10,1	COUNTESS GYTHA. Wife of Earl Godwin of Wessex (PM).
	[EARL] GYRTH. Son of Godwin and Earl of East Anglia from 1057. Killed at Hastings (PM).
		Although the name Gyrth occurs more than 150 times in Domesday Book, it is probable that all pre-Conquest occurrences (only two are post-Conquest) refer to one individual, Earl Gyrth Godwinson, King Harold's brother. Despite the fact that he is identified by his title in scarcely one case in seven, two principle factors aid his identification elsewhere: the massive disproportion in the distribution of the name, fewer than two dozen holdings being outside East Anglia (where Gyrth was the earl), and the heavy preponderance of Gyrth as a lord of men rather than as a landowner in his own right. Additionally, the Gyrth holding a large number of royal manors in Norfolk and Suffolk is evidently the earl; and he can also be identified as the predecessor of Hardwin of Scales in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. In the few cases outside East Anglia where unidentified Gyrths are recorded, the status of the holding and other factors indicate the earl. In the Sussex heartland of the Godwinsons, for instance, the two substantial manors of Coombes and Merston (SUS 13,19. 11,110) were almost certainly held by the earl: apart from their status, both are adjacent to other Godwinson manors, Coombes being close to Earl Gyrth's own huge manor of Washington (SUS 13,9). Similar considerations suggest that the handsome manors of Hartley Mauditt (30,1) and Eaton Hastings (HAM 35,2), both held in freehold from the Crown, had also belonged to the earl. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 194-200, whose list omits NFK 9,159. 29,9. 34,9. 52,3. 57,1 and SUF 7,75. 21,30;62. 31,34. 74,7 (JP).
	ODO OF WINCHESTER. See 48,1 Odo note (JP).
12,1	ERNUCION. Possibly the same man as Ernucion <of Kinnerley>, a tenant of Roger Earl of Shrewsbury, as suggested by Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 191: see SUS 11,56 Ernucion note (JP).
14,1	GAVE IT TO THE CHURCH WITH HIS DAUGHTER. That is, so that she might become a nun (PM).
15,1	EARL HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
15,2	A CHURCH IN READING. Assumed to be one of the pre-Conquest nunneries originally founded by St Edward the Martyr's mother, Queen Elfrida, although according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle much of Reading, including the religious houses, was destroyed by the Danes in 1006 (PM).
	ABBESS LEOFEVA. Perhaps identical to Abbess Leofeva of Shaftesbury (PM).
17,1	IN THE MANUSCRIPT the chapter number is written within the C of Comes (PM)
	SHEFFIELD. The manuscript has Sewelle, for Seuuelle. Sheffield is a farm in Burghfield: Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 206 (PM).
17,2	PEASEMORE. Entered under Rowbury Hundred at 46,6; here under Reading Hundred and under Marcham Hundred at 36,6. Geographically the place is in Rowbury territory, later included in Faircross Hundred (PM).
	JOINTLY. The Latin is in paragio; paragium means 'joint tenure'. It appears widely in the south-western counties, especially in Somerset and Devon [see DEV 1,15 freely note]. Either Alwin was the only heir, the land itself remaining subject to partible inheritance, or else he was the only heir mentioned (PM).
17,3	8 SLAVES. Farley has 7 slaves, in error (PM).
17,4	"CROCHESTROPE". Dr Morris suggested that the location might be about Cold Ash (SU5169). Perhaps the place-name Westrop (SU5170) in Bucklebury parish commemorates the location (Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 158); the common element is Old English throp, 'an outlying farm, hamlet' (PM).
17,5	'CALCOT'. About SU3370, near Leverton in Hungerford (formerly in Chilton Foliat, in Wiltshire); see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 302 (PM).
17,8	[EAST] HANNEY. See 7,22 Hanney note (PM).
17,9	HENDRED. That is, East Hendred. See 1,38 Hendred note (PM).
17,10	5 HIDES. Probably also at East Hendred (PM).
17,12	1 HIDE, 3 VIRGATES AND 2 ACRES. Probably at Buckland, later held by the priory of Noyon which acquired much of the count's Berkshire land; see VCH Berkshire, i. p. 346. See 7,47 Buckland note (PM).
17,13	2 HIDES AND 2 ACRES. See 17,12 hide note (PM).
18,1	DRAYTON. Entered here under Sutton Hundred and under Lambourn Hundred at 35,4. The Drayton territory is situated in Sutton Hundred (there is no other mention of a Drayton in Lambourn Hundred), but the jurisdiction may have lain in two different hundreds (PM).
	WILLIAM [* SON OF NIGEL *]. Dr Lewis, 'Formation of the Honour of Chester', p. 59) suggests this is a plausible identification while noting that it is not listed by Farrer, Honors and Knights' Fees, ii. pp. 21-22; see also Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 486-88 (JP).
	EDNOTH [* THE CONSTABLE *]. Ednoth, named Ednoth the constable (Ednod Stalre) in 7,7 and Ednoth the steward (Ednod dapifer) in WIL 22,5, was one of the predecessors of Earl Hugh of Chester, which permits the identification of many of those holdings where he is named simply Ednoth. He has also been plausibly identified as the Ednoth of Ugford in Wiltshire and of Whitchurch in Hampshire. In many instances, however, Earl Hugh's predecessor is called Alnoth (Alnod, Elnod), and scholarly opinion is divided as to whether this is the same individual as Ednoth. Since Ednoth the constable had a son Harding (William of Malmesbury, Gesta regum, p. 471), and Harding son of Alnoth (Harding filius Alnod) held land in Wiltshire in 1086 (SOM 47,3-8), the identity of Ednoth and Alnoth seems probable, further strengthened by the appearance of a Ceolred - a rare name - among the dependents of both Harding son of Alnoth and Harding son of Ednoth: Lewis, 'Formation of the Honour of Chester', pp. 67-68; Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, pp. 119-22. As Dr Williams has pointed out, a similar scribal confusion between Alnoth and Ednoth can be detected in Cornwall and Lincolnshire (ibidem, p. 121 note 127). A like confusion may account for the omission of Ednoth's lands in Devon and Dorset from Peter Clarke's lists, along with Knowle, Ugford and Whitchurch: Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 281-82 (JP).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
18,2	ROBERT [* SON OF HUGH *]. The Phillimore printed edition, citing VCH Berkshire, i. p. 346, identifies this Robert as probably Robert d'Oilly.
		This is on the grounds that d'Oilly was a tenant of Earl Hugh (OXF 15,1;5) and Drogo his subtenant here and elsewhere (OXF 28,9;16), identified as such by the Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 67-70. It is perhaps more likely, however, that Robert is Robert son of Hugh, the earl's tenant in several other counties, as suggested by Dr Lewis, 'Formation of the Honour of Chester', p. 59 and note 148. Robert son of Hugh also had a tenant Drogo, evidently the same man; see 18,2 Drogo note, and CHS 2,7 Drogo note (JP).
	EARL HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
	DROGO [* OF LES ANDELYS *]. Probably Drogo of Les Andelys: VCH Berkshire, i. p. 346 (PM).
		He is identified by royal charters transcribed in the Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 67-70, as the subtenant of Robert d'Oilly, and tenant of Earl Hugh of Chester, at South Weston (OXF 15,1) and probably Ardley (OXF 15,5); his urban holdings (B9) confirm that he is the Drogo holding from d'Oilly at Shirburn and probably also at Hardwick (OXF 28,9;16). The Robert from whom Drogo holds Buscot, however, is probably another of Earl Hugh's tenants, Robert son of Hugh (see 18,2 Robert note), from whom a Drogo held 5 estates in Cheshire: see CHS 2,7 Drogo note. In view of the tenurial links, it is improbable that this is a different man; see Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 179. (JP).
19,1	THE ABBEY OF PREAUX HOLDS. In exchange for the village of St Clair in Normandy: VCH Berkshire, i. p. 288 (PM).
20,1	[WEST] HANNEY. See 7,22 Hanney note (PM).
20,2	[WEST] HANNEY. See 7,22 Hanney note (PM).
21,1	HENRY [* OF FYFIELD *]. For this identification, see DBY 6,57 Henry note and DBY 6,94 Henry note.
		The Henry, second Henry (21,15;17;19), and Henry the steward (21,18) who appear as tenants on the fief of Henry of Ferrers in Berkshire, Derbyshire (DBY 6,57;94) and Essex (ESS 29,5) are certainly the same individual; for if Ferrers and his tenant are excluded, the name Henry occurs only half-a-dozen times in Domesday Book. In these circumstances, the probability of Ferrers having two tenants of this name are almost non-existent. The tenant Henry was known as Henry of Fifhyde, presumably from his manor of Fyfield (21,15): Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 255, who suggests he may have been related to Ferrers (JP).
21,2	ILSLEY. [This is East Ilsley]. Entered here under 'Nakedthorn' Hundred and under Kintbury Hundred at 38,1 (as also [West] Ilsley, 38,2). Geographically the two places lie in 'Nakedthorn' Hundred. Perhaps a hundred rubric error (PM).
21,3	`ASHDEN'. About SU5281, in Compton; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 498. Spellings in other sources indicate that the final element is Old English denu ('a valley'), that is, the valley in which Compton village lies, not dun ('an upland', 'a hill') as the Domesday spelling had suggested to the sources of the Domesday Gazetteer, which proposed Ashridge (SU4978) in Beedon (PM).
	RALPH [OF BAGPUIZE]. From Bachepuz in Eure (Evreux); see VCH Berkshire, i. p. p. 347; Round, 'A Bachepuz Charter', p. 152; Loyd, Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 10 (PM).
	BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. Bondi is named as the constable on the fiefs of William son of Ansculf (BUK 17,9), the Count of Mortain (BUK 12,29), and Henry of Ferrers (BUK 27,1), though named Boding the constable in Henry's case. This was certainly Bondi, however, since Henry succeeded him in four other counties and laid claim in a fifth as Bondi's successor (GLS 31,2). Apart from other the links through the Count of Mortain and William son of Ansculf, it is probable that the Bondi who held manors valued at over £10 was, in most, of not all cases, the constable; and his status as a lord of men identifies him at Colemore in Hampshire (HAM 57,2), and therefore probably on the adjacent holding at Empshott (HAM 62,1). Finally, the Bondi who preceded Countess Judith in several of her holdings in Northamptonshire may also have been the constable. There can be little doubt that the Countess had only one predecessor named Bondi, five of his seven holdings being centred on Earls Barton, held with full jurisdiction, the whole complex worth £16. Its status certainly befitted someone of the constable's status, and Earls Barton was just a couple of miles from his manor at Ecton, acquired by Henry of Ferrers. Some further, if slight support, for this identification is supplied by Orderic Vitalis, according to whom Earl Waltheof granted the manor of Barnack to Crowland Abbey, a gift later defeated by 'the malice of the Normans' (Ecclesiastical History, ed. Chibnall, ii. pp 344-45). Barnack was held in Domesday Book by William son of Ansculf, as noted above the constable's predecessor elsewhere. He may, therefore, have stepped into Waltheof's shoes in those cases, too, Waltheof being the first to succeed to those estates of the constable. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 266-67, whose list omits ESS 29,5. HAM 57,2. 62,1. IoW9,15. NTH 36,2. 56,15-18;37-38;53 (JP).
21,5	SIWARD [BARN]. Henry's predecessor elsewhere too, see WAR 19,1-3. He joined Hereward, Edwin and Morcar in the Ely revolt of 1070. His byname [corresponds to] Old English bearn (modern 'bairn') and probably had the same significance as Old English cild : 'Childe'; 'born to an inheritance', 'well-born' (PM).
		However, his byname is Old Norse Barn: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 192.
21,6	BAGSHOT. Now in Wiltshire (PM).
	GODRIC [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
21,7	BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 21,3 Bondi note (JP).
	12 "ARPENTS" OF VINES. An arpent was a French measure of uncertain and probably variable size, usually applied in Domesday to vineyards, but occasionally to meadow and woodland (PM).
21,8	WILLINGTON. Willington's Farm, Willington's Down Farm, Wigbald Farm, in the west part of Long Wittenham; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 429. The place-name was Old English Wigbaldincgtune, 'a farm called after one Wigbald' (PM).
21,9	[SOUTH] DENCHWORTH. See Testa de Nevill, p. 109 [= Book of Fees, p. 846], cited in VCH Berkshire, i. p. 348 (PM).
21,11	HUBERT [OF COURSON]. Named from Notre Dame de Courson, south of Lisieux: Loyd, Origins of Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 37. Robert of Courson, a landholder in Suffolk and Norfolk, probably came from Curson by Saint-Séver, north-east of Avranches: Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 85 (PM).
21,12	SPARSHOLT. See 1,10 Sparsholt note and 7,38 Fawler note (PM).
	FULCARD <OF SPARSHOLT>. Manuscript Polcehard, obviously an error (there is no known personal-name prototheme in polce-); Insular miniscule p and f are similar; Folcehard would represent Old German Fulc(h)ard; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal-Names, p. 98; von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 256 (PM).
		The name Fulcard occurs five times in Domesday Book, holding from five tenants-in-chief in three widely separated counties. The name probably represents three individuals, one in each county. Although the two Berkshire holdings (also at 65,18) are some distance apart and without discernible connections, the rarity of the name Fulcard makes it more likely than not that both were held by the same individual (JP).
	GODRIC [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
21,13	GODRIC [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
21,14	KINGSTON [BAGPUIZE]. 'When this man (Stenkil) fell in the famous battle (of Hastings) Henry of Ferrers seized this land for himself despite the protests of the abbot': Abingdon Chronicle, i. pp. 484, 491 (PM).
	STENKIL <OF KINGSTON>. Abingdon Chronicle, i. pp. 484, 491, reports that a certain rich man called Thorkil had commended himself and this land to Abingdon with the consent of Earl Harold. Thorkil appears as the T.R.E. landholder in Kingston Bagpuize at 22,12. Stenkil is perhaps a scribal error (PM).
		The name Stenkil occurs seven times in Domesday Book, probably representing five individuals. There are no apparent connections between the modest Berkshire holding and the remainder, none of which were close-by, so this was probably the sole holding of Stenkil of Kingston (JP).
21,15	FYFIELD. 'There a certain Godric, who was sheriff, had held from the church on a lease for three lives, on the understanding that whatever mischance might befall the tenants, the church should suffer no loss therefrom. But when Godric was likewise killed in the same battle [of Hastings], Henry of Ferrers added this village also to his possessions': Abingdon Chronicle, i. pp. 484, 491 (PM).
		See also 1,37 Godric note (JP).
	HENRY [* OF FYFIELD *]. See 21,1 Henry note (JP).
	GODRIC THE SHERIFF. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
21,16	GODRIC [* THE SHERIFF *]. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
21,17	HENRY [* OF FYFIELD *]. See 21,1 Henry note (JP).
	GODRIC THE SHERIFF. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
	AELFRIC BORE WITNESS. See 1,38 (PM).
21,18	STANFORD [IN THE VALE]. Entered under Sutton Hundred, although geographically in Gainfield Hundred, as also part of Pusey, 21,19 (and compare 36,4 Hatford note). A hundred rubric may have been omitted here. But observe that the adjacent Goosey was a detached parish of Ock Hundred in medieval times, so there may well have been outlying estates under Sutton Hundred which lay in the territory of Ganfield Hundred (PM).
	HENRY THE STEWARD. See 21,1 Henry note (JP).
21,19	PUSEY. See 7,43 Pusey note (PM).
	HENRY [* OF FYFIELD *]. See 21,1 Henry note (JP).
	DUNNIC. See von Feilitzen Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 228; this is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Book (JP).
21,20	BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. The manuscript has Bundinus; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 206 (PM).
		See 21,3 Bondi note (JP).
	A MILL. Probably in error for dimidia molin' as at Burghfield (46,4), where dimidia is interlined and the value (5s 10d) the same (PM).
21,21	'BURLEY'. Compare 65,16-17. Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 149, does not identify; but Burleigh (SU9070) in Winkfield parish (Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 39), and Burley (SU9171) in Sunninghill parish (Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 89), may preserve the name, although not observed before the early seventeenth century (PM).
21,22	GODRIC THE SHERIFF. See 1,37 Godric note (JP).
22,4	STEPHEN [* SON OF ERHARD *]. See Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 423, under Stefan Stirman. Stephen the steersman is identified as Stephen son Erhard by Orderic Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, vi, p. 296, and so-named in Domesday Berkshire (BRK 64) (JP).
22,5	UFTON [ROBERT]. Also Ufton [Nervet], 34,3. There are two manors in the one village, which takes its name from one of them; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 224 (PM).
	HORLING. 'Adulterer' from hypothetical Old English horling, Middle English horling 'adulterer (whoreling)'; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 292, (PM).
22,6	STEPHEN [* SON OF ERHARD *]. See 22,4 Stephen note (JP).
	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. Baldwin's father, Herlewin, came to England even before the reign of Edward the Confessor. Baldwin himself had a substantial holding before the Conquest and survived to hold under the Conqueror. The bulk of his holdings can be established from his distinctive pre-Conquest name and the links which this establishes. His holdings in 1086 were significantly different from those in 1066, only two being in his hands at both dates (BUK 17,15;24). Broadly speaking, his pre-Conquest lands were re-distributed to Hugh of Grandmesnil and William son of Ansculf, with Miles Crispin obtaining three holdings and several other tenants-in-chief a manor apiece. William son of Ansculf then re-endowed him with the bulk of his post-Conquest fee. See Chris Lewis, 'The French in England before the Norman Conquest', Anglo-Norman studies, vol. 17 (1995), pages 123-44, and Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 257-58; both lists include only Baldwin's pre-Conquest holdings (JP).
22,7	ILSLEY. [East Ilsley.] See 21,2 Ilsley note (PM).
	STEPHEN [* SON OF ERHARD *]. See 22,4 Stephen note (JP).
	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See 22,6 Baldwin note (JP).
22,8	GODEBOLD [* THE BOWMAN *]. Godebold is an uncommon name, occurring on two fiefs and a dozen other entries, representing three or possibly four individuals, which makes it probable that the Godebold the bowman identified in Exon for Devon (DEV 47) is the same man as the only other Godebold in Domesday holding a fief, in Somerset (SOM 43). Less certainly, he may be this Godebold holding two manors from William son of Ansculf in the county (22,8. 65,18). See Domesday People, p. 216 (JP).
	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See 22,6 Baldwin note (JP).
22,12	ADELELM [* OF KINGSTON *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
23,1	ALSTAN [* OF BOSCOMBE *]. Alstan of Boscombe, a Wiltshire thane and predecessor of William of Eu in that county: VCH Berkshire, i. pp. 289, 351 (PM).
		William acquired almost all of Alstan's holdings, as well as those of his men, in eight counties: see Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 229-31, to which should be added "Slacham" (HAM 1,32), Boxbury (HRT 28,3), Eckweek (SOM 19,61), and possibly [Stourton] Caundle (DOR 26,70) and Barton (SOM 21,92). Boxbury was evidently omitted by accident; but the Alstan of "Slacham" is identified by the intermediate ownership of Ralph of Limésy, while he of Eckweek is named in Exon. Eckweek devolved upon the Count of Mortain so it is possible that the two other holdings he acquired from an Alstan in Dorset and Somerset, both of which lay in the same general area as Alstan's other holdings in those counties, came from the same man (JP).
23,3	[NORTH] DENCHWORTH. At SU3893, a farm in West Hanney parish; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. pp. 473, 478 (PM).
25,1	SOUTHCOTE. A house in Reading; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 177 (PM).
26,1	TOTI <OF DONNINGTON>. The name Toti occurs on eight holdings, probably representing six individuals. The Toti of Donnington probably also held the two nearby properties which devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief but is unlikely to be connected to any other Toti, the nearest of whom held a tiny property in Wiltshire purchased from Malmesbury Abbey (JP).
26,2	TOTI <OF DONNINGTON>. See 26,1 Toti note (JP).
26,3	TOTI <OF DONNINGTON>. See 26,1 Toti note (JP).
28,2	CHILDREY. Entered under Wantage Hundred here and at 45,2-3, but under 'Slotisford' Hundred at 55,3. As with Bray (see 1,22 Bray note) the church-village is in the 'other' hundred. Sparsholt like Childrey was mostly under Wantage Hundred, but partly under 'Slotisford'; see 1,10 Sparsholt note and 7,38 Fawler note (PM).
30,1	[* EARL*] GYRTH. See 10,1 Gyrth note (JP).
	THEY HAVE NOT PAID TAX. The words should refer to the hides, not the slaves; probably miscopied (PM).
31	WALTER SON OF OTHER. Castellan of Windsor, where Abbot Aethelhelm's men-at-arms owed service, and keeper of the Forest of Berkshire; see Abingdon Chronicle, ii. p. 7. The latter point is implied in 31,4: '... because of keeping the Forest' (PM),
31,1	"ORTONE". In 'Ripplesmere' Hundred. This might be somewhere near Windsor. The name would be Old English Ortune '(at) the farm at the bluff', from Old English ora 'a steep bank', 'hillside', 'bluff' (as in Windsor: Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 26). It is tempting to compare Underore (lost in New Windsor, about SU9777), '(place) under the bluff'; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 29 (PM).
	NOW 30s. xl deleted, xxx substituted (PM).
31,2	1 ½ PLOUGHS. No figure given, probably 1 (PM).
31,3	ALFHILD DESE. See von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 175. The byname is probably an aphetic form of the Old English poetic word idese, -an, a weak form of ides, 'a lady'; see Bosworth and Toller, Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (Supplement) (PM).
31,6	WIHTRIC <OF WOKEFIELD>. Note to be supplied (JP).
32,1	'LOSFIELD'. The old name of the district about St Leonard's in Clewer; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 20 (PM).
	AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. Predecessor of Eudo the steward and Robert Gernon in several counties: see Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 267-68. Of the holdings listed there, Tendring should be Oakley (ESS 32,28) and Southill (BDF 21,8) is doubtful. It is a tiny property, apart from any others, and held by an Alric before 1066. Although Aelfric and Alric were sometimes confused by the Domesday scribe, there is no compelling reason to posit an error here (JP).
33,1	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See 22,6 Baldwin note (JP).
	NOTHING IN LORDSHIP. Presumably meaning that there are no ploughs in lordship (PM).
33,2	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See 22,6 Baldwin note (JP).
33,3	CLAPCOT. Outside the north-east corner of the borough and the castle at Wallingford; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 563 (PM).
33,4	SAXFRITH <OF CLAPCOT>. The name Saxfrith occurs sixteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing four individuals. The Berkshire Saxfrith, one of two pre-Conquest landowners of that name, was the only Saxfrith in southern England; he had no discernible links with his Midland and northern namesakes (JP).
	HAROLD <OF CLAPCOT>. The 1086 tenant of this tiny holding had no tenurial associations with any of his namesakes, none of them close by. Clapcot is likely to have been his only property (JP).
33,8	ALFRED [* NEPHEW OF WIGOT *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	"BESI" <OF CALVERTON>. Besi, Bisi, Bosi, Scandinavian forms of uncertain etymology, possibly from Old Danish Bǿsi, Old Swedish Bǿse: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 201 (ARR).
		Although the etymology is uncertain, tenurial and other relationships suggest that these forms, which occur seven times in Domesday Book, are variants of a single name borne by two individuals. An Oxfordshire Besi (OXF 35,19) was a predecessor of Miles Crispin who was also preceded on two of his holdings by a Bisi (BUK 23,32) and the Berkshire Bosi (33,8), making it highly probable that all three forms represent one individual. Miles' predecessor in Buckinghamshire is described as a royal thane, as is the Bisi who preceded Hugh of Bolbec (BUK 26,8). The Bisi who preceded William son of Ansculf (BUK 17,21) was also an overlord and a close neighbour of the Bisi on the Crispin fief. All these holdings were therefore probably held by one man. The Besi, man of Alsi, with two small holdings in neighbouring vills in Hartismere Hundred in Suffolk, is likely to be a second individual (JP).
33,9	LANGLEY?. Domesday Lonchelei is described as lying in, and assessed in Gratentun, which is in Oxfordshire. Gratentun is not identified in either the Place-Names of Oxfordshire or in the Place-Names of Berkshire, but Lonchelei tentatively with Langley (SU6775) in Ticehurst by Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 194, so Gratentun ought to be south of the Thames in Tilehurst (PM).
	WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]'. Probably Wigot of Wallingford; compare 41,2 (PM).
	"GRATENTUN". [See 33,9 Langley? note.]
34,2	MAIDENHEAD. Formerly 'Ellington': Place-Names of Berkshire, i. pp. 53, 54-55 (PM).
	LANDRIC <OF SULGRAVE>. The name occurs sixteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing three individuals. In Northamptonshire, the Landric who held three closely grouped holdings from Giles of Picquigny (NTH 43,6;8;11) is almost certainly one individual and the same man as the Landric who held a manor from Giles in Berkshire (34,2). Less certainly, he may be the man who held one other holding in Northamptonshire since no one else of that name held land south of the Wash (JP).
34,3	UFTON [NERVET]. See 22,5 Ufton note (PM).
35	HASCOIT ^[MUSARD]^. Hascoit Musard, a Breton and landholder in many counties (PM).
35,1	KENMARCHUC. This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book (JP).
35,4	DRAYTON. See 18,1 Drayton note (PM).
35,5	SPARSHOLT. See 1,10 Sparsholt note (PM).
36	GILBERT OF BRETTEVILLE. See HAM 43 Gilbert note.
36,2	[EAST] HANNEY. So in VCH Berkshire, i. p. 357, see 7,22 Hanney note (PM).
36,4	HATFORD. Entered under Marcham Hundred, although geographically in Gainfield Hundred; compare 7,43 Pusey note and 21,18 Stanford note. Quite a number of places situated in Gainfield Hundred are entered under other hundreds (PM).
	HALL. The manuscript has haulā, not as Farley Haulā (PM).
36,6	IN MARCHAM HUNDRED. Marcham repeated, evidently in error for Rowbury (PM).
	PEASEMORE. See 17,2 Peasemore note (PM)
	HERLEWIN <OF PEASEMORE>. The manuscript has Urleuuine, that is from Old German Erlewin, Herlewin: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 248 (PM).
		The name Herlewin occurs nine times in Domesday Book and once more in Exon. The Herlewin who held Peasemore before the Conquest is the only 1066 tenant of that name and unlikely to be related to any of the post-Conquest Herlewins. The form of the name is distinctive (Vrleuuine), an indigenous variant of the Old German name (von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 248) (JP).
37,1	ONE MANOR. Possibly Langley (SU5076) in Hampstead Norris; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 251. VCH Berkshire, i. p. 357, cites Testa de Nevill p. 124 [= Book of Fees, p. 861] (PM).
	TONNI <OF LUSBY>. The name Tonni occurs on twenty holdings, probably representing two or three individuals. In the bulk of these holdings Tonni was the predecessor of either Gilbert of Ghent or William of Percy and almost certainly the same individual in both cases since Gilbert had claims on the properties in the hands of William of Percy (LIN CS30-31). See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 350-51, who also assigns the Yorkshire holding of Appleton to this Tonni (JP).
	HE HAS ... 2 VILLAGERS. Manuscript error vill[an]i for vill[an]os (PM).
38,1	ILSLEY. East Ilsley; so VCH Berkshire, i. p. 358; see 21,2 Ilsley note (PM).
	SASWALO [* OF BOUVILLE *]. Saswalo and his son William were both tenants of Geoffrey de Mandeville, Saswalo in Berkshire, Essex, and Oxfordshire. The name is sufficiently rare for there to be little doubt that the tenurial link provides a secure identification: Geoffrey cannot have had two tenants with this name. See also Keats Rohan, Domesday People, p. 417 (JP).
	ORDWULF <OF ILSLEY>. The name Ordwulf occurs on some thirty holdings and may represent three or four individuals. The two Berkshire holdings devolved upon the one tenant-in-chief and were subinfeudated to the same tenant so had probably belonged to one pre-Conquest landowner. They have no discernible links with the Ordwulfs in Wiltshire and the south-west though the possibility cannot be precluded (JP).
38,2	ILSLEY. West Ilsley; so VCH Berkshire, i. p. 358 (PM)
	SASWALO [* OF BOUVILLE *]. See 38,1 Saswalo note (JP).
	ORDWULF <OF ILSLEY>. See 38,1 Ordwulf note (JP).
38,3	EAST GARSTON. Here included in Lambourn. The name is a corruption of Esgarston, from the name of its holder, Esger the Constable; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 330 (PM).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. The name Esger occurs on over 130 holdings but may represent only six individuals. Of these, by far the most important was Esger the constable, predecessor of Geoffrey de Mandeville on the bulk of his holdings. So pronounced was the descent of Esger's holdings to Geoffrey that one way the Domesday scribe had of casting doubt on the legality of Geoffrey's tenure of any property was to state 'it was not of Esger's Holding' or words to that effect (ESS 30,2. SUF 32,1. SUR 25,1;3). Where not explicitly identified as the constable, therefore, Geoffrey's succession to the holdings of an Esger, or frequently of his men, plausibly identifies Esger as the constable. On two other holdings where Esger is not explicitly identified as the constable, his man is identified elsewhere as a man of the constable (HRT 17,10. 33,13;18-19), or another of his men held land in the vill concerned (CAM 22,8. 32,16), making the identification more likely than not, particularly as no other Esger can be identified as a lord of other men. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 243-49, who omits holdings at CAM 32,11. ESS 90,28. NTH 45,8 and SUF 32,4-5 (JP).
38,5	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 38,3 Esger note (JP).
38,6	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 38,3 Esger note (JP).
39,1	DUNN <OF BRIMPSFIELD>. Dunn was the official predecessor of Osbern Giffard, most of his land lying across the boundaries between Gloucestershire, Somerset and Wiltshire. Although the term itself was not used, an entry for 'Oldbury' in Gloucestershire (GLS 50,4) records that this holding of Giffard's 'did not belong to the man Dunn's land which Osbern holds, as the Shire states'. It is also probable that the Dunn who held Bitton (GLS 78,13) and Buckland Dinham (SOM 47,19) in both 1066 and 1086, and Barley in 1066 (WIL 67,28) was the same individual since Buckland was adjacent to the holding of Osbern's predecessor at Elm, and Bitton and Barley were circled by several other of his holdings. Given that the name is uncommon and survival on the same holding for two decades even more so, it is also possible that the only other Dunn to have to have survived in this manner, the tenant of two manors in Devon (DEV 52,34-35), is the same man, in which case the royal manors held by Dunn lying between the Devon properties and those of Osbern Giffard may have been his also; but without tenurial or other associations to support the case it would be rash to make the identification. See also Clarke, English Nobility, whose list omits BRK 39,1. GLS 78,13 and SOM 47,19 (JP).
41	ROBERT D'OILLY. Sheriff of Warwickshire, Oxfordshire and perhaps Berkshire. A formidable neighbour of the Abbot of Abingdon who had acquired several of the abbey's lands in Oxfordshire. He later repented and was buried in the abbey after his death; see Abingdon Chronicle, ii. pp. 7, 12-15, 24, 284 (PM).
		See also 1,12 Robert note (JP).
41,2	WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. Or Wigod of Wallingford, butler and kinsman of King Edward, father-in-law of Robert d'Oilly who inherited his estates. Compare 33,9. He is 'of Wallingford' in BUK 23,7;12;33. Most of the instances of plain Wigot, Wigod etc., in Sussex, Surrey, Hampshire, Berkshire, Hertfordshire, and Buckinghamshire, probably refer to him; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 404 note 4. His personal name is Old Danish (Vigot) as was his son's (Toki) (PM).
		See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 356-57.
41,3	[GREAT] SHEFFORD. Robert d'Oilly, a sworn brother of Roger of Ivry in a report in the thirteenth-century Oseney Cartulary: Fratres jurati et per fidem et sacramentum confederati ['sworn brothers, allied both by loyalty and oath'] cited in Lennard, Rural England, p. 65. Their Domesday holdings were often divided equally, as here at [Great] Shefford; see 44,2 (PM).
41,5	COLA [* THE HUNTER *]. An Englishman, holding a proto-sergeantry Berkshire, Hampshire and Wiltshire in 1086. See Golding, 'Introduction to the Hampshire Domesday', Hampshire Domesday, p. 25; Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, pp. 115-116. A Cola claiming a mill at Ardington (41,5) is probably the same man since he is the only other Cola in these three counties who held land in 1086 and there are only 3 other surviving landholders of this name in 1086 in the remainder of England (JP).
42,1	[SOUTH] DENCHWORTH. The present village of Denchworth; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 473. See 23,3 Denchworth note (PM).
	LAURENCE <OF DENCHWORTH>. Note to be supplied (JP).
	5 COTTAGERS. The manuscript has v cotarii, corrected from ii cotarii (PM).
43,2	GUNNAR <OF AVINGTON>. The name Gunnar occurs on almost twenty holdings in Domesday Book, distributed between Cornwall and Yorkshire and acquired by or held from eleven tenants-in-chief. The two substantial holdings in Berkshire and Wiltshire devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief who is unlikely to have had two predecessors with the same uncommon name among the handful from whom he acquired his lands (JP).
44,1	ELING. In Hampstead Norris; see Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 250. For Saewin's holding in East Hendred, see 65,13 and 1,38 Hendred note; for Harwell, see 44,3-4 (PM).
44,5	PUSEY. See 7,43 Pusey note (PM).
45,2	CHILDREY. See 28,2 Childrey note (PM).
46,3	CYPPING <OF WORTHY>. Cypping was a wealthy Anglo-Saxon magnate whose lands lay almost entirely in Hampshire, centred on the valuable manor of Headbourne Worthy, leased from the bishopric of Winchester. He was important enough for the Conqueror to retain several of his manors in his own hands, his remaining holdings being granted to Ralph of Mortimer who even retained the bulk of the ecclesiastical holdings (HAM 29,1;3). Cypping survived to hold a subholding on the bishop's huge manor of Chilcomb (HAM 3,1); and the king granted him a respectable holding at Preston Candover, albeit not as handsome as the manor he had held in the same vill before the Conquest (HAM 29,13. 69,6). This may have been a heavy-handed joke at his expense, though his situation was relatively comfortable compared to that of almost all his Anglo-Saxon peers. Apart from Cypping of Worthy, the name Cypping is uncommon so it is likely that the Cypping at Hazelbury in Wiltshire (WIL 67,41) was the same man. Although the holding was small and distant, this Cypping had held Hazelbury at both dates and two such survivors with an uncommon name is improbable when no others of that name occur within a hundred miles. See also Clarke, English Nobility, whose list omits HAM 3,1 and WIL 67,41 and, of course, the post-Conquest holding at Preston Candover (JP).
46,4	ABBOT ALSI. Of St Augustine's Canterbury (1061-?1070), and later of Ramsey (1080-1087) (PM).
	THE OLD MONASTERY. The Cathedral Church [of Winchester]. See B9 abbot note (PM).
	UNTIL HE WAS AN OUTLAW. In exile in Denmark from about 1070; see HUN D8 ('when the abbot was in Denmark'); and Knowles, Heads of Religious Houses, pp. 35-36, and his references (PM).
46,6	PEASEMORE. See 17,2 Peasemore note (PM).
	OIDELARD [* THE STEWARD *]. The name Oidelard occurs thirteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing two individuals, one a tenant of Eustace the sheriff, the other holding land from Ralph of Mortimer in six counties. An Oidelard holding from St Augustine's (KEN 7,19), identified in the Excerpta as a steward, may be the same man: Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 312, suggests he was Ralph's steward (JP).
46,7	OIDELARD [* THE STEWARD *]. See 46,6 Oidelard note (JP).
47,1	EARL ROGER. See 1,8 Roger note (PM).
48,1	ODO [* OF WINCHESTER *]. A significant landowner in Hampshire and neighbouring counties, brother of Edric, and possibly the same man as Odo the steward, and the Odo son of Edric who held land in Devon: see Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, pp. 115-16 (JP).
49,1	EARL HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
49,2	LUDRIC. Old German Lud(e)ric: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 321 (PM).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book (JP).
	THEN FOR 3 HIDES. Perhaps in error for iii. hid. ibi. (PM).
49,3	NOW FOR 4 HIDES. The manuscript has i.ii. hid., corrected by Farley to iiii. hid (PM).
50,1	WULFWARD [WHITE]. See OXF 40,3; and von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, [p. 426 note 1] under Wulfweard (PM).
54	HUMPHREY VISDELOUP. Domesday Vis de Leuu is 'wolf's face'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 340. Also in Hampshire (HAM 69,40) and perhaps related to Ralph Visdeloup in Norfolk (PM).
54,1	KARLI <OF NORTON>. Karli was an Anglo-Saxon magnate with estates valued at almost £150, which would place him among the twenty wealthiest landowners after the earls. Most of his estates were granted to Alfred of Marlborough, who succeeded him in five counties. Elsewhere, the Karli who held estates from King Edward in Sussex and Berkshire may well be the same man since these are the only other holdings in the south of England held by a Karli and three of them were of sufficient status for a magnate. In Kent, two sons of Karli, Godric and Godwin, had held valuable manors which were acquired by Bishop Odo. It seems likely that Karli of Norton was their father. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 5, 317-18, who also attributes all the holdings in the south of England to this individual (JP).
54,2	BOXFORD. See 7,14 Boxford note (PM).
54,3	BENHAM. See 7,16 Benham note(PM).
55,3	CHILDREY. See 28,2 Childrey note (PM).
55,4	SPARSHOLT. See 1,10 Sparsholt note(PM).
56	ALBERT [* OF LORRAINE *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
57	AIULF THE SHERIFF. Of Dorset. The personal-name is the Anglo-Norman form for Old English Athulf or Aethelwulf; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 191. He was a brother of Humphrey the chamberlain; see BRK 53; and VCH Berkshire, i. p. 291 (PM).
58,2	IRISH HILL. At SU4066 in Hamstead Marshall. The identification is the more likely as Domesday Ebrige (for Ev-, Eu-) and the other spellings cited in Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 299, are consistent with an hypothetical Old English iw-hrycge ('at the yew-covered ridge'); this solves the anomaly in form and topography discussed by Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 299 (PM).
59,1	WULFWARD [* WHITE *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
62	GRIMBALD [* THE GOLDSMITH *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
62,1	HENDRED. This is West Hendred. See 1,38 Hendred note (PM).
63,2	LANK. Manuscript Lanc; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 308, under Old English Lang (PM).
64	STEPHEN SON OF ERHARD. See 22,4 Stephen note (JP).
64,2	SWALLOWFIELD. See 1,17 Swallowfield note (PM).
65,1	ODO OF WINCHESTER. See 48,1 Odo note (JP).
65,2	ODO ^[OF WINCHESTER]^. See 48,1 Odo note (JP).
65,3	ODO ^[OF WINCHESTER]^. See 48,1 Odo note (JP).
65,4	ODO ^[OF WINCHESTER]^. See 48,1 Odo note (JP).
65,6	BRAY. See 1,22 Bray note (PM).
65,7	ALSI OF FARINGDON. See 1,35 Alsi note (JP).
	BARCOTE. In Buckland: Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 386. Domesday Li- represents miscopied b at some stage before the final manuscript (PM).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,34 Harold note (JP).
65,10	COLA [* THE HUNTER *]. See 41,5 Cola note (JP).
	[EAST] GINGE. Domesday Acenge is East Ginge in Ardington; see Place-Names of Berkshire, ii. p. 469, citing Kemp, The Mother Church of Thatcham, p. 21. Geographically in Wantage Hundred, it is entered here under Thatcham (PM).
65,11	"WIGAR" [* OF BENHAM *]. Probably Old English Wihtgar; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 413 (PM).
		The name of this 1086 tenant, Domesday Wigar, might represent Old German Wiger (Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 255, though he does not mention the BRK form) or Old Swedish Viger or, most probably according to von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 413, under Wigar, the Old English Wihtgar. In view of the uncertainty, it seems best to leave this name in the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Wigar.
	BENHAM. See 7,16 Benham note (PM).
65,13	COLA [* THE HUNTER *]. See 41,5 Cola note (JP).
	HENDRED. This is East Hendred. See 1,38 Hendred note and 44,1 Eling note (PM).
65,15	CARSWELL. In Buckland: Place-Names of Berkshire, i. p. 286. It is entered under Sutton Hundred although geographically in Gainfield Hundred; see 7,43 Pusey note (PM).
65,16	'BURLEY'. See 21,21 'Burley' note (PM).
65,17	HARDING [* SON OF ALNOTH *]. The name Harding occurs or is implied on some four dozen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing four or five individuals. Peter Clarke has assigned all 33 T.R.E. holdings in Great Domesday to Harding son of Alnoth (Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 282-83), while Katharine Keats-Rohan has attributed 15 of the 17 1086 tenancies to the same man (Domesday People, p. 244). Of the other two, Ann Williams (The English and the Norman Conquest, p. 120 note 125) has shown that the Berkshire holding was probably held by the individual who held in Dorset and Wiltshire in 1086, and the seventeenth tenancy was held by a burgess of Oxford. The grounds for the majority of these attributions have not been stated but are relatively easy to reconstruct. 29 of the 33 T.R.E. holdings in Great Domesday were connected in some way with Earl Aubrey of Coucy. Three of these (WIL 67,60-62) were held by Harding at both dates, as were three of the remaining four holdings without the Coucy link. As the survival of more than one Englishman with an uncommon name holding the same properties at both dates within a limited area is improbable, all six properties may have been held by the same individual. The final 1066 holding, at Winterslow (20,6) was connected indirectly to the other 32: Harding held another property in the same vill (WIL 23,3), one which also devolved upon Aubrey de Coucy. All 33 1066 holdings therefore probably belonged to one man. Of the 1086 tenancies, Harding is named as the son of Alnoth in the Somerset holdings, which descended to the Meriet family through his eldest son Nicholas (SOM 47,3-8). The remaining properties in Berkshire, Dorset, Somerset, and Wiltshire have been discussed above, leaving those in Buckinghamshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, and Warwickshire to be accounted for. Ann Williams has suggested that the Gloucestershire Harding is the son of Alnoth, on grounds of proximity to the family's Bristol base (The English and the Norman Conquest, p. 120); his connections with other royal manors and with Queen Edith offer a possible link with the Hampshire holding (HAM 6,1); and the Warwickshire holding lay between those held by Harding in the county in 1066 (WAR 17,30). The two modest, adjacent Buckinghamshire holdings have no discernible links to other Harding properties and may have belonged to another English survivor. Doubts have been raised about the identification of the 1066 landholder with Harding son of Alnoth, however, principally on the grounds that William of Malmesbury reports him to have been active in the 1120s (Gesta regum, p. 471), too old to have held land before the Conquest (Lewis, 'Formation of the Honour of Chester', pp. 67-68). But the tenurial history of Beechingstoke (WIL 12,1) tends to confirm the identification. Harding held this manor in 1066, and Harding son of Alnoth was litigating about it in the reign of Henry I. Moreover, the tenant-in-chief of Beechingstoke was Shaftesbury Abbey, to which Harding son of Alnoth donated land when his daughter became a nun there: Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, pp. 120-21 (JP).
65,18	FULCARD <OF SPARSHOLT>. See 21,12 Fulcard note (PM).
	WILLIAM [* SON OF ANSCULF *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	ALFRED [* NEPHEW OF WIGOT *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	GODEBOLD [* THE BOWMAN *]. See 22,8 Godebold note (JP).
65,19	BERNER NEPHEW OF R[OBERT] OF PERONNE. See 7,11 Berner note (JP).
65,21	ALDGYTH <OF GAINFIELD>. The name Aldgyth occurs eighteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing a dozen individuals. As no other post-Conquest Aldgyth held property near this tiny holding, it is likely to have been the only possession of its tenant (JP).
65,22	ALWY CHAFERSBEARD. Domesday Ceuresbert; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 301; von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 158 line 4 (PM).