NOTES
(version 1a)

ESSEX. EXSESSA, EXSAESSA, abbreviated as ES'S, ESS or ESS. At the top of the page, to the left of centre (ARR).

References to other Domesday counties are to the chapter and section of the editions in this series (ARR).
	These references employ the standard three-letter county abbreviations used throughout this edition (JP).

L	LANDHOLDERS. Little Domesday does not give a heading to the list and does not list B [Colchester]. Farley omits the chapter-numbers 2-4, 19-21, 23-24, 29, 72, and 89-90, all of which are present, but faded, in the manuscript and Ordnance Survey facsimile. See also folios 9a and 17a for partial lists of landholders which were subsequently deleted (ARR).
L6	WESTMINSTER. Farley supplies the overline abbreviation for er, omitted in error in the manuscript (ARR).
L9	[BARK]ING. The three dots in Farley represent a mark in the manuscript, obscuring the first part of the place-name, but compare ESS 9, heading (folio 17b) (ARR).
L15	CAEN. Farley misreads initial k in the manuscript name-form kadomo as a paragraph-mark followed by initial c (ARR).
L41	CORBUCION. Farley has corbucionis, the manuscript has corbutionis (ARR).
L54	AUMALE. Little Domesday: albamarla; Ordnance Survey facsimile (in error): albamarl (ARR).
L64	JOCELYN. Little Domesday: Goscelm[us], see 1,2 Jocelyn note (ARR).
L75	ANSGER. Farley An's; manuscript Ansg' (ARR).
L80	GUNDWIN. The Ordnance Survey facsimile (in error) has Gonduin, omitting the final abbreviation-mark (ARR).
L89	FREE. Farley omits the otiose abbreviation-mark (standing for er) on the letter fo, given in the manuscript (ARR).
1,1	[* EARL *] HAROLD. Earl of Wessex (1053-), king 1066 (ARR).
		The name Harold is one of the most common in Domesday Book, occurring over 700 times; but it probably represents fewer than 20 individuals, of whom Earl Harold Godwinson is overwhelmingly the most significant, Harold son of Earl Ralph of Hereford being the only other individual of any consequence. In a large number of cases, unfortunately, the scribe has not given Harold his title. In Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, for instance, he is described as earl only once in each county (B3k. NFK 3,2. SUF 68,1) though he undoubtedly held a large number of estates in all three, possibly all but two of those recorded in the three counties. However, there are surprisingly few cases where there is real cause for uncertainty about identifying the earl: the royal estates, the larger manors, the lordship over men, his territorial predominance in some areas, association with members of his family, and relationships between estates, serve to distinguish him in the majority of cases; but see BUK 17,22 Harold note. Ann Williams, 'Land and Power', pp. 171-87, 230-34, discusses Harold's estates and those of his men; and Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 164-91, lists them. Clarke tends to omit the dependencies where Harold is not explicitly named, or holdings named only in satellite texts (CON 4,2. KEN 2,5;41;43). He has also omitted the following: BUK 3a,5. 26,11. 30,1. CHS 8,41. ESS 1,23. HEF 1,56. 17,2. HRT 1,15. 5,5. HUN 13,1-3. NFK 8,33. 9,178; 233. 20,8;19;24;31. 21,16;22;33-34. 22,2-8. 26,3. NTT 3,1-3. OXF 58,30. SUF 1,119. 36,3;5-7;15. 38,21. 39,17. 67,12;17. 76,6;20;23. SUR 26,1. WIL 18,2. 41,1; and the entries for GLS 30,1 and 50,3 have been confused (JP).
	BENFLEET. Probably North Benfleet, see VCH Essex, i. p. 428, note 1 (ARR).
	RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. See ESS 37 (ARR).
	THEN. T[un]c, before 1066 (ARR).
	NOW. M[odo], in 1086 (ARR).
	ALWAYS. Se[m]p[er]; that is, before 1066 and still in 1086 (ARR).
	THEN 3 SLAVES, NOW 3. There is perhaps a statistical error in Little Domesday here, as this situation would have been better expressed as 'Always 3 slaves' (ARR).
	FREE MAN ... ONE OF THE VILLAGERS. He may have held the ½ hide mentioned in the next sentence and have suffered a loss of status when his land was given to the church (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1795 (JP).
	CHURCH OF ANOTHER MANOR. Probably St Mary's Church mentioned in 6,1 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1795 (JP).
	49 ACRES. Farley and the Ordnance Survey facsimile show the otiose abbreviation-mark over the letter c as in the manuscript (ARR).
	49 ACRES. Farley and the Ordnance Survey facsimile show the otiose abbreviation-mark over the letter c as in the manuscript (ARR).
1,2	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	PETER THE SHERIFF. See ESS 36 (ARR).
	SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ ^[RALPH]^ BAYNARD. See ESS 24 and ESS 33. The patronym 'Baynard' is used on its own here in relation to Ralph Baynard, being qualified by the title 'sheriff'. Compare 1,27 Baynard note (ARR).
	THROUGH ... CATTLE PLAGUE. p[er] mortem bestiaru[m]. This occurred at some time between 1066 and 1086 and affected the number of ploughs through the death of the oxen which drew them (ARR).
	4 [***]. The category of livestock has been omitted in Little Domesday (ARR).
	BUT THE SHERIFF RECEIVES FROM IT £34. It is unclear whether this implies wrong-doing by the sheriff or simply records the increase in exactions since the Conquest which was a regular feature of royal manors; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1796 (JP).
	HILBOD [* BROTHER OF ARNULF OF HESDIN *]. See ESS 69 (ARR).
	THEODRIC POINTEL. See ESS 71 (ARR).
		Theodric may previously have had some official standing since his activities had left their mark on several royal manors: 1,2;4;6;14;16;27 (JP).
	RANULF PEVEREL. See ESS 34 (ARR).
	DO NOT PAY THE CUSTOMARY DUE. It is unclear whether this implies wrong-doing by either free men (or Ranulf Peverel) or is simply a statement of the status of these free men; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1796 (JP).
	VALUE 15s. The gap in Farley before xv represents an erasure in the manuscript (ARR).
	WILLIAM SON OF GROSS. See 11,1 William note (ARR).
	RALPH BAYNARD. RALPH BAYNARD. See ESS 33 (ARR).
	HAIMO THE STEWARD. See ESS 28 (ARR).
	JOCELYN LORIMER. See ESS 64. Little Domesday Goscelm[us] is in error for Goscelin[us]. Early Charters of Essex, p. 22 no. 44 note, identifies this hide with land at Terling said in the Ely land pleas of 1071 x 1075 to be held by one Gotselm but which formerly belonged to Ely Abbey; see Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis, (Hamilton, p. 193) (ARR).
	MONKS OF ST ETHELDREDA OF ELY. This hide is not mentioned in ESS 10, but see Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 128) (ARR).
		For his annexation at the expense of Barking Abbey, see 9,7 Lorimer note; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1796 (JP).
1,3	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	40 MEN'S PLOUGHS, NOW 31 ½. The ½ plough represents ½ a plough-team, 4 oxen (ARR).
	ALL OF THE SHERIFFS. That is, it was a cumulative loss due to a disease which had continued since 1066, during which time there was a succession of sheriffs in Essex (ARR).
	SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^.... AFTER HE LOST THE SHERIFFDOM. He had been replaced as sheriff first by Ralph Baynard (ESS 33) and then by Peter of Valognes (ESS 36) before 1086 (ARR).
	1 HIDE ... TOOK AWAY. This land does not appear to be recorded in the fief of Swein; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1797 (JP).
	G[EOFFREY] DE MANDEVILLE. See ESS 30 (ARR).
	½ HIDE ... TOOK AWAY. Neither the Freeman nor the ½ hide appear to be recorded in Geoffrey's fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1797 (JP).
	COUNT E[USTACE]. See ESS 20 (ARR).
	OSMUND OF ANJOU. Little Domesday angeuin[us] from Old French angeuin, Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 132 (ARR).
		Osmund of Anjou does not appear elsewhere in Domesday Book (JP).
	ROBERT GERNON. ROBERT GERNON. See ESS 32 (ARR).
	DISPOSSESSED THE KING'S REEVE. Neither the 30 acres of land nor the 40 acres of woodland appear to be recorded in Robert's fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 275 no. 1797. Woodland recorded in acres is uncommon in Essex and in Little Domesday generally (JP).
	½ HIDE WHICH 1 FREEMAN HELD. The ½ does not appear to be recorded in Robert's fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1797 (JP).
	HERTFORD, [GREAT AND LITTLE] AMWELL, HODDESDON ... RALPH OF LIMESY. Ralph is recorded as holding 14 ½ hides at Amwell in 1086 (HRT 23,4), held by Earl Harold in 1066 and presumably including the outlier at Amwell mentioned here. The Hoddesdon and Hertford outliers are probably the woodland at Hailey belonging 'to 3 hides of Amwell' and the 24 acres of Hertford, respectively, which Ralph claimed from Geoffrey of Bec in 1086 (HRT 34,13 and HRT 23,4 Amwell note); Hodesduna has been altered in the manuscript from Hodestuna (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1797 (JP).
	LATER ON WE RECOVERED ½ HIDE. The use of the first person plural here reflects the compilation of the chapter on the king's lands (ESS 1) by his own officials who had taken action to recover this ½ hide between 1066 and 1086; compare 66,1. The ½ hide was at Ryes (see 28,6), and had been granted out again by the king in 1086 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1797 (JP).
	RALPH OF MARCY. Possibly from Marcey[-les-Grèves] (in the French département of Manche: arrondissement Avranches); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 97 (who calls it Marcy). See also 28,6. Compare also 20,6 for another annexation by him from Earl Harold's land (ARR).
		It has recently been suggested that Marcy (in the French département of Aisne: arrondissement Saint-Quentin) or Marcy-sous-Marle are more probable (in the French département of Aisne: arrondissement Laon): Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 334 (JP).
1,4	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	HAVERING [-ATTE-BOWER]. VCH Essex, i. p. 429 note 6, takes Haueringas to be a plural Latin accusative form but it is in fact an Old English plural nominative. Compare 6,8 Feering note (ARR).
	ROBERT SON OF CORBUCION. ROBERT SON OF CORBUCION ... 3 HIDES. These were at Leyton (41,4), although 8 Freemen are recorded there. The manuscript has an erasure after M[odo], whence the gap in the Ordnance Survey facsimile, not shown by Farley (ARR).
	HUGH DE MONTFORT. HUGH DE MONTFORT ... FOURTH HIDE. At Leyton. See 27,3 (ARR).
	HAVE NOT PAID THE CUSTOMARY DUE. This presumably means that the free men no longer pay their customary due to the royal manor, rather than that they had withheld it from Robert and Hugh; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1798 (JP).
	4 ½ HIDES. Presumably referring to those at Leyton in 41,3 although Havering is not mentioned there (ARR).
	30 ACRES. Probably at Fyfield, see 40,7 Fyfield note (ARR).
1,6	THEODRIC POINTEL. See ESS 71 (ARR).
	ANNEXED IT. This annexation is not recorded in Theodric's fief (ESS 71); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1799 (JP).
	'STUDLY'. Lost, in Woodham Ferrers: Place-Names of Essex, p. 276 (ARR).
	ANOTHER VILLAGER. Farley 7. ali[us] uill[anus] is in error for 7 .i. ali[us] uill[anus] of the manuscript (ARR).
1,8	NEVER PAID SERVICE OR THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Goldstan was presumably held to be liable for service and payment of the customary due as an unattached Freeman; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1800. A Goldstan held a house in Colchester (B3a) and had held land T.R.E. in 90,49 and KEN M11. These are the only occurrences of this name in Domesday Book so they may refer to one individual (JP).
1,9	EARL [ALGAR]. The manuscript has Edgarus in error for Algarus (that is Earl Algar, (he of 1,11; see 1,11 Algar note), see CAM 1,10;15;22 where he is correctly named. Compare Liber Eliensis, p. 166 where he is called Elgarus; the Little Domesday error was probably caused by the misreading of a similar spelling. There may however have been some confusion with Earl Algar's son Earl Edwin (died in 1071) (ARR).
		See also 1,11 Algar note (JP).
	PICOT ^[THE SHERIFF]^. Of Cambridgeshire in 1086 (ARR).
	1 ½ HIDES ... IN CAMBRIDGESHIRE. At Hinxton (CAM 1,10;22) (ARR).
	A MILL. Farley 7. mol[endinum] is in error for 7 .i. mol[endinum] of the manuscript (ARR).
	LATER. P[ost]; between 1066 and 1086 (ARR).
	1 ½ HIDES WHICH HARDWIN OF SCALES HOLDS. Probably at Babraham and Hinxton (CAM 26,11;14) (ARR).
	HUNDRED DOES NOT KNOW HOW. It is not unusual for the jury to confess ignorance, implying a suspicion of an illegality which they will not or cannot specify. A hint here, perhaps, that Hardwin's title to the land was suspect; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1801 (JP).
	PAID SUIT. reddebat soca[m], attended court or paid a fine in lieu (ARR).
	PICOT ^[THE SHERIFF]^ HOLDS ½ HIDE. At Babraham (CAM 1,1) (ARR).
1,10	HEORUWULF. Little Domesday Horolf[us]; Old English Heoruwulf; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 289 (ARR).
	TEZELIN THE PRIEST. See also 3,11 (ARR).
1,11	[EARL] ALGAR. Earl Algar was the son of Earl Leofric and Countess Godiva, and father of earls Edwin and Morcar; he was Earl of East Anglia 1051-1052, 1053-1057; of Mercia 1057-1062. He was probably dead by 1066, see Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, pp. 546-47. See also 1,9 Earl note. For his wife Aelfeva, see B3j (ARR).
		His stormy political career is documented in Maund, Ireland, Wales and England (JP).
		Although the name Algar is a common one, the earl can be identified with reasonable confidence on a number of manors where his title is omitted. The Algar who held royal manors in Derby (DBY B14. 1,8), Essex (1,9;12-13) and Suffolk (SUF 1,121) is almost certainly the earl (though disguised as Earl Edgar in 1,9), as is the Algar who held the valuable (£25) manor of Broadwell (OXF 54,1), probably also once a royal manor since it was in the hands of Princess Christina in 1086. The Algar of NTT 30,26 is also shown to be the earl by its dependency on NTT 1,59-60. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 206-212, whose list omits some dependencies and CAM 14,27. 26,17;19;26. ESS 41,2. 82,1. GLS 34,2. NTT 27,1 (JP).
	LATER ON. post ea, with incorrect word division; so in the manuscript (ARR).
	THE QUEEN. Probably Queen Matilda, consort to William I, who appears to have been given the lands formerly belonging to Earl Algar; see VCH Essex, i. p. 337. Compare B3j (ARR).
	OTTO [THE GOLDSMITH]. See ESS 81, and B3j (ARR).
	RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. See ESS 23 (ARR).
	½ HIDE WITH JURISDICTION BEFORE 1066. This appears to be the ½ hide held by Walter the cook recorded in 67,1 without reference to its jurisdiction lying in the royal manor of Shalford. The implication of 'before 1066' here may therefore be that the manor had suffered a loss in this respect; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1802 (JP).
	WALTER SON OF GILBERT. WALTER SON OF GILBERT. He was probably the same as Walter the cook, see ESS 67 Walter note (ARR).
1,12	[EARL] ALGAR. See 1,11 Algar note (ARR).
	THE QUEEN. See 1,11 Queen note (ARR).
	OTTO [THE GOLDSMITH]. See 1,11 Otto note (ARR).
	AS DUES. See 1,11 dues note (ARR).
1,13	LESS 15 ACRES. min[us] is written overline in the manuscript preceded by an insertion-sign in the form of a colon, repeated at the point of insertion in the text after ac[re] (ARR).
	7 PIGS. In the manuscript por[ci] has been altered to bor[darii]. Farley is in error here and the correct reading is 'smallholders' (ARR).
	GILBERT SON OF WARIN HOLDS. The implication seems be that these lands were lost to the manor; they are not recorded elsewhere; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1803. This is the only occurrence of Gilbert son of Warin in Domesday Book (JP).
	BELONGED TO THIS MANOR. The tense of the verb suggests that the 7 ½ acres had been removed from the manor though they do not appear to be recorded in Count Alan's fief (JP).
	COUNT ALAN. Little Domesday Alam[us], probably for Alain[us]. See ESS 21 (ARR).
	45 ACRES. See 23,28 (ARR).
		There it is made clear that these 45 acres had been lost to the royal manor; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 276 no. 1803 (JP).
1,13a	APART ... KING'S SERVICE. Perhaps referring to the general liability to help with the '3 burdens' of military service and the upkeep of bridges and fortifications (ARR).
1,14	HUNDRED OF 'WIBRIHTESHERNE'. The hundred rubric is in error for Barstable, being placed one entry too soon (ARR).
	LEOFHARD. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	FISHERY. In the present edition piscina has in most counties been translated as 'fishpond' in distinction to piscaria fishery', but since in Essex only piscina occurs, it has been translated as 'fishery' throughout. Compare Darby, Domesday England, p. 279 (ARR).
1,16	"ULUUINESCHERHAM". Unidentified; 'Wulfwin's Cherham or Scherham'. The primary place-name here is either Old English c(i)err 'a turn, bend' or Old English scir 'bright' with either Old English hām 'estate' or hamm 'an enclosure' (ARR).
	NOW THEY ARE NOT THERE. The free men, that is, not the hides. This holding is not recorded in the fief of Theodric Pointel (ESS 71); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1804 (JP).
1,16a	DOES NOT PAY TAX. The implication, presumably, is that he should do so, not that he is exempt from doing so; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1805 (JP).
1,17	RANULF PEVEREL. He held 5 ½ hides and 10 acres in that part of Maldon which was in this hundred, see 34,12. He also had another ½ hide and 24 acres in the Half-Hundred of Maldon, see 34,31 (ARR).
1,17a	NOW [* RALPH *] BAYNARD HAS THEM. BAYNARD. Probably Ralph Baynard (ESS 33) (ARR).
		Neither the free men not the 6 acres appear in the fief of Ralph Baynard though the phrasing here implies that he had removed them from royal hands; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1805 (JP).
1,18	GRIM THE REEVE. See ESS 83 (ARR).
	HAS ALWAYS HELD. Translating ten& se[m]p[er] (ARR).
1,19	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	LAYER. The boundary of Stanway partly overlaps with that of Layer-de-la-Haye in 'Winstree' Hundred (ARR).
	LEXDEN. See also B2 (ARR).
	PETER ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff. Compare 1,2 (ARR).
	RAYMOND GERALD. Little Domesday Reimund[us] girald[us], the second name probably being a patronym (Old German Gerald, Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 103-104) although filius is omitted. Compare 32,24 where it is stated that Raymond had taken away another villager in this hundred (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1807 (JP).
		Raymond Gerald was described as the predecessor of Roger of Poitou in NFK 1,226 and had also preceded Roger on two (or possibly three) manors in Suffolk (SUF 8,51;55;63; see SUF 8,51 Gerald note). In Norfolk he is noted as having 'departed' (NFK 1,226) and nowhere is he shown as holding land in 1086 (JP).
	ROGER OF POITOU. Compare 32,24 where Roger is recorded in possession of the villager mentioned in 1,19 Raymond note. In 47,3 he is said to have appropriated another 10 acres in this hundred (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1807 (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	BRICTEVA <OF STANWAY>. Note to be supplied (JP).
	32 PENNIES. That is two "ora" of 16 pence, see Harvey, 'Royal revenue and Domesday terminology' (ARR).
1,20	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	3[S]. Little Domesday omits sol[idos] (ARR).
1,21	HUNDRED OF CHAFFORD. In error for Chelmsford Hundred, in which Fingrith Hall lay; compare Place-Names of Essex, p. 236. There is some scribal confusion between the two hundreds in this and the following four entries. cesfeworda is a Little Domesday error for ceffeworda (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
1,22	FRIDEBERT. Little Domesday Frieb[er]t[us]; either Old German Fridebert, Frithebert or possibly Old English Frithubeorht; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 254. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
	MARGARETTING. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 433, note 4 (ARR).
1,23	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	THE QUEEN. Probably Queen Matilda; see 1,11 queen note) (ARR).
	[* RANULF THE *] SHERIFF OF SURREY. Named as Ranulf in Surrey SUR 1,1c and SUR 5,28 (ARR).
1,24	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	16 HIDES ... 14. Engelric had taken 2 hides: see 1,24 Engelric note (ARR).
		This appears to be the manor recorded in 20,51 although both the hidage (3 hides) and the revenue derived from the manor (£12) recorded there differ from those in this entry; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1808 (JP).
	BY WEIGHT. ad pond[us], that is the coins were weighed (although apparently not assayed) rather than being accepted at face value. This was to counteract any payment in coins which had been clipped (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... OF IT. Engelric was Count Eustace's predecessor (ARR).
		See 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	ROBERT GERNON. ROBERT GERNON ... WOODLAND. Robert himself was probably the king's Forester in Essex, see VCH Essex, i. p. 347 (ARR).
	FREE. lib[er]ae for lib[er]e and describing the intended tenure rather than the act of giving (ARR).
	R[OBERT] BISHOP OF HEREFORD. R[OBERT] BISHOP OF HEREFORD. Robert Losinga 1079-1095 (ARR).
	IN WRITTLE ... 50s. Most of this information is repeated at 19,1 (ARR).
		The hide lost from the royal land had presumably been abstracted by the bishop; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1808 (JP).
1,25	SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ 'S LAND. That is Swein the sheriff.
		See 24,63 where however the king is said to have only 3s from customary dues (ARR).
	KING HAS NOT HAD. The meaning is presumably that the king had been defrauded of payments from his own hall, from the land of Swein, and from the 2 houses of Eudo, not simply from the last of these; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1809 (JP).
	RANULF PEVEREL. See 34,31 for his Maldon land in this half-hundred (ARR).
		It is unclear whether Ranulf''s exaction from the free men was solely at their expense, or also at the king's in the form of lost dues; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1810 (JP).
	FOR 3s. p[er] .iii. sol[idos], that is 'to the value of 3s' (ARR).
	BEFORE 1066 ... BY WEIGHT. Compare 34,31 £12 note (ARR).
	PETER ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff (ARR).
1,26	HUNDRED OF TENDRING. Tendering & in Farley is in error for Tenderingae of the manuscript (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	HARKSTEAD. A Suffolk outlier of Brightlingsea, see SUF 1,96 (ARR).
	P[ETER] ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff. Farley p', manuscript P' (ARR).
	4 CATTLE AND 5 PIGS. Apparently additional to the previous total. These figures do not tally with those for Harkstead in SUF 1,96 (ARR).
1,27	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	[* RALPH *] BAYNARD. Ralph Baynard (ESS 33), compare 1,2 Swein note. Here the context again allows the forename to be omitted (ARR).
	PETER ^[THE SHERIFF]^. The sheriff (ARR).
	AFTER THE KING CAME TO THIS LAND. References to the king's arrival are more numerous in Essex than in any other county. In most cases, the phrase or its equivalents (see 3,8 after note) clearly has legal implications for title. Thus this or similar formulae are occur several times in relation to Robert son of Wiuhomarch (24,23;25;29;35;43;55;59;65-66) and to Engelric the priest (20,19;22;25-26;41;52;56;71;73-74;76), who had acquired many lands after the Conquest, perhaps implying that the title of their successors needed confirmation. Reference to land being held 'as a manor before 1066' - very common in Essex - is presumably intended to emphasise that the land had not been granted during Harold's reign. See Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda', pp. 91-116, especially 99-107, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1811 (JP).
	THEODRIC POINTEL APPROPRIATED THIS LAND. For Pointel's activities on other royal manors, see 1,2 Pointel note; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277 no. 1811 (JP).
	WOODLAND. Farley Silua, manuscript Silu' (ARR).
	1 OUTLIER ... IT. Cf. 20,69 (ARR).
		There Engelric's annexation is recorded in detail. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277-78 no. 1811 (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	ROGER OF RAMES. See ESS 39 (ARR).
		Neither the 21 Freemen or their land are recorded in the fief of Roger, by exchange or otherwise; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 277-78 no. 1811 (JP).
	CALLS SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ AS DELIVERER. That is, to bear witness that he had delivered ownership, as sheriff, on the king's behalf to Roger (ARR).
	RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. He held Alresford (23,33) which came within the jurisdiction of Lawford (ARR).
	HOW HE SHOULD HOLD THEM. 'He' presumably being the king, his officials were unaware of his rights due to their loss of control after 1066; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 278 no. 1811 (JP).
	WALERAN [* FATHER OF JOHN *]. The father of John (ESS 40) (ARR).
		His annexation of the Freeman is not recorded in his fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 278 no. 1811 (JP).
	HAGEBERT. Apparently Old German Hagabert, Hagibert (Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 138) but compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
		The Freeman is not recorded on Hagebert's fief; but he may have held the 30 acres as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).
	COUNT E[USTACE]. An annexation at Lawford by Engelric is recorded on the fief of Count Eustace in 20,69 (ARR).
		The details, however, do not match those given here; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 278 no. 1811 (JP).
	BISHOP OF BAYEUX. BISHOP OF BAYEUX ... HIM. See 18,44 land note (ARR).
	RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. RANULF ... 15 ACRES. See 37,20 (ARR).
		Presumably held legally: the 15 acres are described as held 'in the jurisdiction of Lawford' in Ranulf's fief (JP).
	HUGH DE MONTFORT [HOLDS] 30 ACRES. These 30 acres do not appear to be recorded in Hugh's fief, and there is no indication as to whether he held them legitimately as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).
	RALPH BAYNARD ... 35 ACRES. See 33,17 (ARR).
		There Ralph's possession of these 35 acres is recorded and witnesses from the manor of Lawford are said to have testified that they were held by exchange; other witnesses to the exchange, however, were wanting, implying some doubt as to the legality of Ralph's possession (JP).
	EUDO THE STEWARD [HOLDS] 37 ½ ACRES. These 37 ½ acres do not appear to be recorded in Eudo's fief (ESS 25), and there is no indication as to whether he held them legitimately as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).
	ROGER. ROGER ... LONDON. Probably he of 4,5 (ARR).
		However, that holding is not the one recorded here, which may or may not have been held legitimately as a subtenant (JP).
	WALTER THE DEACON [HOLDS] 5 ACRES. These 5 acres do not appear to be recorded in Walter's fief (ESS 42), and there is no indication as to whether he held them legitimately as a subtenant on the royal manor (JP).
1,28	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	[GREAT] SHELFORD. See CAM 1,17 where it is said that Peter of Valognes holds 3 hides in Shelford of the king's revenue in Newport (ARR).
	THIS OUTLIER WAS. Hec berewita erat, altered from Hec berewita e[st]; so in the manuscript. For berewica, Old English bere-wīc (ARR).
	ROBERT GERNON. See ESS 32 (ARR).
	MERCY REGARDING ... PROPERTY AND BODY. References to the King's mercy are uncommon in Domesday Book and this is a particularly clear statement of its implications; see HRT 1,9;13. HUN B12; SUF 76,19. WAR 44,12. WOR C5. This case is also unusual for calling to account a landowner for past illegalities for which restitution had been made (but see 1,27 Pointel note); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 278 no. 1813 (JP).
1,29	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
1,30	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. Some of her land in Suffolk (SUF 1,61;63-64;67;73) was later held by Earl Ralph and then by Godric the steward. See also 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
		Edeva the fair, also named Edeva the rich (SUF 1,61;63. 31,54) and Countess Edeva (SUF 4,17) in Domesday Book, was the among the dozen wealthiest lay landowners of Anglo-Saxon England, her possessions exceeded only by those of Queen Edith and Countess Gytha among female landowners. She has often been identified with Edith Swan-neck, married for some twenty years (though not in the eyes of the Church) to Earl Harold Godwinson, and mother of at least six of his children. Conclusive proof of this identification has never been found; but her beauty, her wealth, and its concentration in the area where Harold began his public career and was earl for almost a decade, make the identification probable. Her posthumous career tends to confirm this. She was the predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany who later abducted Harold's daughter Gunnhild from the nunnery at Wilton, probably, it has been argued, to secure title to his estates, which presupposes the identity of Edith and Edeva: Searle, 'Women and the succession', pp. 159-70; 226-29, at pp. 167-69 (JP).
		Edeva's status as a lord of men and predecessor of Count Alan of Brittany identify her on many holdings where her byname is omitted; a few others can be identified because she or her men had other holdings in the same vill, as in Reed (HRT 5,16. 16,5-6), Wratworth and Whitwell (CAM 13,9-10. 14,42-43). The Edith of Norton (SUF 1,88-90) is shown to be a scribal error for Edeva by its dependencies at SUF 1,61-64;67-73, where Edeva the fair is named in full. The Countess Edeva of 4,17 can scarcely be anyone other than Edeva the fair; the only likely alternative, Queen Edith, presupposes scribal errors in both name and title. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 273-79, whose list omits BUK 4,1. CAM 13,8-10. ESS 4,16. HRT 5,16. SUF 3,71;84. 4,17 (JP).
	EARL RALPH ^[WADER]^. As 21,9 Earl note (ARR).
2	HOLY TRINITY, CANTERBURY. That is Christ Church, Canterbury. The lands in this chapter were later subject to the dean of Bocking; see VCH Essex, i. p. 340 (ARR).
2,2	2 HIDES IN [WEST] MERSEA. Bocking Hall (in 'Winstree' Hundred, Place-Names of Essex, pp. 320-21), an estate in West Mersea granted with Bocking to Christ Church, Canterbury between 995 and 999 by Aethelric and Leofwynn; see Early Charters of Essex, pp. 16-18 no. 30 (= Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 1218) (ARR).
2,4	LAWLING. For the annexation by the monks of 1 hide there, see 90,79 (ARR).
2,6	ST LAWRENCE. Formerly 'Newland'; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 224 (ARR).
	INTERRUPTING THIS ENTRY, where it runs from folio 8a to 8b there is in the manuscript a list of hidages; see {Introduction: the Manuscript}.
2,9	AFTER THIS ENTRY there is in the manuscript a partial list of landholders; see {Introduction: the Manuscript}.
3	LAND OF THE BISHOP OF LONDON. For the lands of the bishopric, see Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London' (JP).
3,1	AELFTHRYTH. Little Domesday Alftred queda[m] femina; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 181 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
3,2	BISHOP WILLIAM. Of London, 1051-1075. See ESS 4 Holding note (ARR).
	COUNT EUSTACE ... 100 MANORS. See 20,4 (ARR).
		That entry describes the hide, said there to have been held from the Church by Engelric, the predecessor of Count Eustace. The implication of this, and of the statement that the hide was not part of the count's 100 manors, is that he had no legal title. As in many hundreds of cases in Domesday Book, the reference to legal title is elliptical; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 278 no. 1813 (JP).
	WOODLAND, 1000 [PIGS]. Little Domesday omits porci (ARR).
	TIDBALD. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
3,5	ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally 'St Paul held'. Referring to St Paul's Cathedral, London (ARR).
	RALPH SON OF BRIAN. For Brian, Farley has brieu; manuscript: brien (ARR).
	FROM THE BISHOP. Little Domesday dep'o is in error for de ep[iscop]o (ARR).
3,7	ADJUDGED ... BY KING WILLIAM'S COMMAND. The implications of this curious phrase are difficult to discern though they may be related to the structure of the bishop's estate in Essex, where the holdings attached to the bishopric are listed separately from those the bishop had purchased (ESS 4). The two holdings at Layer, however, had not belonged to the Church before 1066 so title was unclear. Perhaps they had been granted by the king to Bishop William himself. Whatever the explanation in these cases, the absence of any comparable statement in 3,1 also held independently before the Conquest, is puzzling. For the peculiarities of the estates of the Bishopric of London, see Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London', especially pp. 303-305; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 278 no. 1814, who translates deraciocinavit - 'adjudged' here - as 'established title' (JP).
3,8	ADDED 15 ACRES AFTER 1066. Additions of this kind are noted frequently in some circuits, implying illegal acts and uncertain titles, as the testimony of the hundred jury indicates was the case here. The statement that the annexation had taken place since the death of King Edward, also had legal implications: see Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda', pp. 91-116, especially 99-107, and see also 1,27 king note, and Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 278-79 no. 1815 (JP).
3,9	IN SOUTHMINSTER. The preposition in was added as an afterthought and is squeezed into the space before Sudmunstra'. Although the addition of in made the abbreviation-mark on the place-name incorrect, the scribe forgot to erase it (ARR).
	14 MEN. Probably the '14 men-at-arms' referred to in 3,9 bishop note (ARR).
	KING CNUT. 1016-1035 (ARR).
	BISHOP WILLIAM RECOVERED IT. Presumably by royal grant though it is odd that this is not stated. The estate had belonged to the see in the reign of King Aethelred (Early Charters of Essex, 15-16 pp. no. 28 [= Robertson, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no 72 pp. 144-45, 389-392]) but no royal charter survives for a later period; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1816 (JP).
3,10	WERE 17 ACRES. Little Domesday has fuere, a short form for fuerunt. Also at 9,10 etc (ARR).
		The 17 acres do not appear in the fief of Robert Gernon (ESS 32), despite the reference here to a royal grant; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1817 (JP).
	1 VIRGATE. Early Charters of Essex, p. 15 no. 27 note [= Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 1501] suggests that this is both the woodland in 32,5 and Glazenwood; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 283 (ARR).
		Both of these were lost to the See of London, presumably as a result of Robert Gernon's annexation; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1817 (JP).
3,11	[* EARL *] GYRTH. Although the name Gyrth occurs more than 150 times in Domesday Book, it is probable that all pre-Conquest occurrences (only two are post-Conquest) refer to one individual, Earl Gyrth Godwinson, King Harold's brother. Despite the fact that he is identified by his title in scarcely one case in seven, two principle factors aid his identification elsewhere: the massive disproportion in the distribution of the name, fewer than two dozen holdings being outside East Anglia (where Gyrth was the earl), and the heavy preponderance of Gyrth as a lord of men rather than as a landowner in his own right. Additionally, the Gyrth who holds a large number of royal manors in Norfolk and Suffolk is evidently the earl; and he can also be identified as the predecessor of Hardwin of Scales in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. In the few cases outside East Anglia where unidentified men called Gyrth are recorded, the status of the holding and other factors indicate the earl. In the Sussex heartland of the Godwinsons, for instance, the two substantial manors of Coombes and Merston (SUS 13,19. 11,110) were almost certainly held by the earl: apart from their status, both are adjacent to other Godwinson manors, Coombes being close to Earl Gyrth's own huge manor of Washington (SUS 13,9). Similar considerations suggest that the handsome manors of Hartley Mauditt (BRK 30,1) and Eaton Hastings (HAM 35,2), both held in freehold from the Crown, had also belonged to the earl. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 194-200; his list omits NFK 9,159. 29,9. 34,9. 52,3. 57,1 and SUF 7,75. 21,30;62. 31,34. 74,7 (JP).
	TEZELIN THE PRIEST. See also 1,10 (ARR).
	AFTER HE CROSSED THE SEA. After 1066 (ARR).
	GAVE THIS MANOR. No charter for this royal grant survives, nor for any previous interest of the See of London in Little Warley; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1818 (JP).
3,14	NOW [***]. THEN. The number in Farley is damaged but should read ii (ARR).
3,16	IN COLCHESTER. The bishop's land is not referred to in ESS B. The 14 houses and 4 acres may have been the land which in 1206 was referred to as a Soke, while the whole of 3,16 may be represented by the parish of St Mary's-at-the-Walls; see VCH Essex, i. p. 424 (ARR).
	APART FROM THE LEVY. p[re]t[er] Scotu[m]. See B2 levy note (ARR).
4	THE HOLDING OF BISHOP OF LONDON. It is suggested by VCH Essex, i. p. 339, that the lands in the present chapter represent those acquired by Bishop William (1051-1075). Compare the references in Hertfordshire (HRT 4,1;22) to lands bought by Bishop William (ARR).
		See also Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London' (JP).
4,1	HELD. As with the remaining manors in ESS 4, Cranham had been held by a layman T.R.E. and acquired (by purchase) by Bishop William to add to the endowment of the see. The complete absence of reference to an ecclesiastical interest, the stress on lay tenures, and the emphasis on free tenure T.R.E., point to this conclusion and explain why these lands of the bishopric are described in a separate chapter from those of the ancient endowment of the see; see Taylor, 'Endowment of the See of London'. Despite the implications for title to these estates, they are not included in Fleming's catalogue: Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 (JP).
	CRANHAM. Formerly 'Bishop's Ockendon': Place-Names of Essex, pp. 124-25 (ARR).
4,2	TOTHAM. Rok Hall in Little Totham: VCH Essex, i. p. 440; Rook Hall, Place-Names of Essex, p. 312 (ARR).
		See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,3	WILLIAM BOLD. Little Domesday Will[elmus] balt; perhaps Old French balt rather than Old English beald in this particular instance; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 340-41 (ARR).
		See also 4,1 held note (JP).
	TOTHAM. See 4,2 Totham note.
4,4	ALRESFORD. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,5	ROGER. Compare 1,27 Roger note (ARR).
	TENDRING. New Hall in Tendring: VCH Essex, i. p. 440 (ARR).
		See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,6	ANSKETIL. See 48,2 Ansketil note (ARR).
	[LITTLE] THURROCK. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,7	WELL [FARM]. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,8	[LITTLE] BURSTEAD. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
	30 ACRES ARE CLAIMED ... BEFORE 1066. These cannot be traced elsewhere in the absence of a statement as to whom they are claimed from; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1819, who includes the woodland for 60 pigs in the claim (JP).
4,9	CORRINGHAM. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
	½ HIDE ... WAS TAKEN. The ½ hide is not recorded on the fief of the Bishop of Bayeux (ESS 18). The jurors were often surprisingly outspoken about the depredations of the Bishop of Bayeux; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1820 (JP).
4,11	CHADWELL. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,12	RAMSDEN. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,13	LAINDON. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,14	[LITTLE] BRAXTED. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,15	HOWBRIDGE. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,16	HALF-HUNDRED OF HARLOW. Farley and the manuscript have herlaua; the Ordnance Survey facsimile (in error) has herlauan (ARR).
	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. She had also held Bishop's Stortford (HRT 4,22) from Bishop William of London. See also 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
	HALLINGBURY. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,17	ULEHAM['S FARM]. See also 4,1 held note (JP).
4,18	BASSETTS. In Woodham Walter, recorded on the six-inch map; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 232. The manorial name also survives in Bassett's Farm in Little Baddow, but that is in Chelmsford Hundred. The Little Domesday spelling Mildemet is metathesized, as later forms of this (superseded) name show it to have meant 'middle meadowland', possibly because of its location between the water meadow along the River Chelmer to the north and higher woodland to the south (ARR).
		See also 4,1 held note (JP).
5	CANONS OF ST PAUL'S. That is, of St Paul's Cathedral, London (ARR).
5,1	LEE [CHAPEL]. For this identification, see Place-Names of Essex, p. 163 (ARR).
	WAS CLAIMED FOR THE KING'S USE. Presumably because title was dubious, the estate having been in lay ownership before 1066. There is no record of Lee Chapel ever having been a manor of St Paul's; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1822, who translates 'has been claimed' (JP).
5,2	ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally, 'St Paul held' (ARR).
	PETER OF VALOGNES TOOK AWAY. This annexation is not recorded in his fief (ESS 36); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1823 (JP).
	GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE TOOK. This annexation is not recorded in his fief (ESS 30); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 279 no. 1823 (JP).
5,3	ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally, 'St Paul held' (ARR).
5,4	ST PAUL'S HELD. Literally, 'St Paul held' (ARR).
5,5	GIVEN TO THE CHURCH. No charter survives; but modest gifts of this kind are unlikely to leave record evidence; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1824 (JP).
5,6	GODGYTH <OF THORLEY>. Probably the woman called Godhild in 28,16 (ARR).
	AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME TO ENGLAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	A WRIT. breue[m], apparently here referring to the written record of Godgyth's grant rather than to a writ of the king (ARR).
		The statement that the king's consent was required for a private gift to the Church is, apparently, be unique in Domesday Book; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1825 (JP).
5,7	AS 2 MANORS. The merging of separate T.R.E. manors into T.R.W. holdings is a consistent feature of Domesday Book. The majority of Domesday scholars accept the view that this phenomenon is usually signified in one or more of the following ways: formulae of the type 'held as x manors'; the presence of two or more T.R.E. landholders; or parts of a single T.R.W. holding are described as having been held 'as a manor' T.R.E. David Roffe has argued (Roffe, 'From Thegnage to Barony', p. 162) to the contrary that multiple manor entries 'relate to groups of estates held from an overlord', despite the fact that the identities of such overlords are not recorded. It seems far more likely that the ownership of T.R.E. manors was discrete, based on the evidence from circuits 3 and 7 where a considerable number of relationships to overlords are recorded. These demonstrate that it was by no means common for estates within the same vill to have the same overlord. For an example see Maitland's tables for the vills of Wetherley hundred in Cambridgeshire: Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, pp. 131-34 (NH).
	AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME TO THIS LAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	BY THE KING'S GIFT. Navestock had been an estate of St Paul's during the reign of King Aethelred and a charter of the Conqueror restored it to St Paul's with other estates unjustly taken from the Church. The charter, however, has suspicious features and the details do not match those of the Domesday record (Early Charters of Essex, pp. 15-16, 32 nos. 28, 71 [= Robertson, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no 72 pp. 144-45, 389-392; Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 183, pp. 603-604]); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1826 (JP).
5,8	THORSTEN THE RED. Little Domesday: Turstin[us] ruff[us]; Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 330-31 (ARR).
	THE OTHER NAVESTOCK. A different manor, but within the present parish (ARR).
	ST PAUL'S HAS ANNEXED IT. See 5,7 gift note (JP).
	IN THE KING'S HAND. Pending judgement, presumably, though it is not apparent why the more substantial annexation by the church was accorded different treatment (JP).
5,10	HEYBRIDGE. Formerly 'Tidwoldington'; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 303-304 (ARR).
	½ HIDE. Recorded under Langford, see 33,22 (ARR).
	HUNDRED DOES NOT KNOW HOW. The additional detail of the annexation recorded under Langford in 33,22 suggests a possible explanation. The ½ hide had been held from the church by an Aelmer who might possibly be the Aelmer Milk whom Ralph Baynard had succeeded in a neighbouring estate at Tolleshunt (33,23). Ralph may have used this to assert a right to other of Aelmer's holdings. For the jury's ignorance, see 1,9 hundred note; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1827 (JP).
5,11	THE NAZE. Little Domesday Aeduluesnasa[m], 'Eadwulf's or Ealdwulf's promontory', Place-Names of Essex, pp. 354-55 (ARR).
	MARK OF SILVER. Later in the medieval period a 'mark' was an accounting term equal to 13s 4d. Here it is probably a term denoting weight (ARR).
5,12	THE CANONS APPROPRIATED THIS LAND. St Paul's possession of Barling is documented in two charters, one of the Confessor and a second by William II Rufus (Early Charters of Essex, pp. 27, 51-52 nos. 56, 125 [= Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 1056; Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, ii. no 484a p. 408]), both believed by Hart, their editor, to be dubious. Hart, however, appears to have misread this Domesday entry where the 'appropriation' refers to the ½ hide and 10 acres held by a free man T.R.E. and not to the whole estate of Barling as he had supposed; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1828 (JP).
	AFTER THE KING CAME TO ENGLAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).
6	ST PETER'S WESTMINSTER. The abbey refounded by Edward the Confessor. See also 90,19 for an annexation by St Peter's (ARR).
6,1	ST PETER'S HAS. Literally, 'St Peter has' (ARR).
	ST MARY'S CHURCH ^[BENFLEET]^. Apparently a reference to a church at South Benfleet before 1066, rather than to St Mary's Barking (ESS 9). See also 1,1 church note (ARR).
	GAVE THE CHURCH ... TO ST PETER'S. For this grant, see Early Charters of Essex, p. 36 no. 81 (= Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 290 pp. 870-81); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1829 (JP).
	WESTMINSTER. Farley Westmonasterio; manuscript Westmonsterio (ARR).
	50 SHEEP ... PIGS. Farley omits an insertion mark in the form of a colon before L and after mol' (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] GAVE THE EIGHTH HIDE. For this grant, see Early Charters of Essex, p. 36 no. 84 (= Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 181, pp. 594-601 and see the discussion on p. 597); see also 20,1 Engelric note, and Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1829 (JP).
	ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND ^[LONDON]^. See ESS 12 St Martin note (ARR).
	COUNTY. Little Domesday consulat[us] (ARR).
6,4	ALSTAN "STRIC". The byname may be a variant of the Old English name Stric[c]a (Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, p. 79), here used as a patronym. The Old West Scandinavian nickname Strìkr 'boy', is also possible; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 337 (ARR).
	FALSE WRIT. This appears to be the only reference to a forgery in Domesday Book. Although many surviving writs and charters have been identified as forgeries, this one has apparently not survived. It is unlikely that this 'false writ' is the first of the famous series of Westminster forgeries - King Edgar's charter of 969 (Early Charters of Essex, p. 14 no. 22 [= Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 774]) - since that forgery names other Westminster estates which are recorded without comment in Domesday Book (6,6;12). See Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, pp. 105- 107; and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1830 (JP).
6,6	HUNDRED OF BECONTREE. Farley Beuentreu, manuscript Beuentrev (ARR).
6,7	TOSTI <OF LEYTON>. If the earl and Tosti of Sawtry are excluded, Tosti is an uncommon, even rare name. This modest holding is remote from any other held by an unidentified Tosti and likely to have been the only possession of its holder (JP).
6,8	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	FEERING. See also 90,17. VCH Essex, i. p. 444 and note 8 mistakes the Old English nominative plural form Pheringas for a Latin accusative plural. Compare 1,4 Havering note and 9,7 Barking note. See also 6,11 exchange note (ARR).
	2 HOUSES IN COLCHESTER. According to B3k the abbot had 4 houses there belonging to Feering (ARR).
	ROGER OF RAMES. He held land adjacent at Messing, see 39,4 (ARR).
	MAUGER ... ARCHBISHOP. He held land at Orpington (KEN 2,30) from the archbishop of Canterbury (ARR).
	ANNEXED 1 FREE MAN. The annexation is not recorded elsewhere; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280 no. 1831 (JP).
	HE IS ... KING'S HAND. Or 'it is'; est here could refer to either the ½ virgate or the free man (ARR).
6,9	AELRIC ... NAVAL BATTLE AGAINST KING WILLIAM. Aelric was called Aethelric the chamberlain in Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, no. 74 pp. 340-41, 494-95 (= Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 118). The location of the battle is not known (ARR).
		Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 238-39, identifies Aelric as Aelric son of Mergeat, the predecessor of Robert of Vessey in several counties and patron of Westminster Abbey in Lincolnshire, presumably on the basis of the coincidence of his name and his patronage of Westminster Abbey. See LEC 16,9 Aelric note (JP).
	FELL. Farley has cecidet; the manuscript: cecidit (ARR).
	WRIT. Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, p. 494, prints a spurious writ, claiming to be issued by King William I, confirming Kelvedon Hatch to Westminster Abbey. Early Charters of Essex, p. 36 no. 82 and note, suggests that it was fabricated to make good the lack of documentary evidence reported here (ARR).
		This suggestion is endorsed by the edition of the charter in Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 302 pp. 900-901. The Domesday account, with its references to only one man in the county knowing of the grant and the absence of either a writ or a witness to its delivery, does smack of desperation. But the abbey retained the estate; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 280-81 no. 1832 (JP).
	AFTER THE KING CAME TO THIS LAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).
6,10	[HUNDRED OF CHAFFORD]. Little Domesday puts the hundred heading one entry late, before 6,11 (ARR).
6,11	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	EXCHANGE. Together with Feering (compare 6,8), North Ockendon had been granted by King William between 1066 and 1075 to Westminster Abbey in exchange for Windsor in Berkshire: Early Charters of Essex, pp. 32-33 no. 73 (ARR).
		See also the edition of this charter in Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 299 pp. 894-95; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1833 (JP).
6,12	WENNINGTON. Farley Wemtuna[m], manuscript Wenituna[m] (ARR).
	ROBERT THE PERVERTED. Little Domesday Inuesiat[us] may be derived from Latin invertere, 'to pervert'. Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 348 refers to Medieval Latin invasatus 'invaded by a devil'. He was identical with Robert the Lascivious (lasciuus) in 32,28; see VCH Essex, i. p. 518, note 7 (ARR).
	DISPOSED ... MISAPPROPRIATED. Robert's misappropriation is not recorded elsewhere though he had also annexed a hide which had belonged to another free man in the neighbouring vill of Rainham (32,28); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1834 (JP).
6,13	"GEDDESDUNA". Unidentified, Old English Gieddesdûne 'at Gieddi's upland'. Between 1066 and 1075 it (Gyddesdúne) had been granted by King William to Deorman, Early Charters of Essex,p. 32 no. 72 [= Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 107, pp. 386-87] (ARR).
6,15	GAVE THIS LAND TO THE CHURCH. The Telegraphus, a forged confirmation of the estates of the Abbey of Westminster, 1085 x 1086 (Early Charters of Essex, p. 41 no. 98 = Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 324 pp. 945-55), confirms an estate at Paglesham to the abbey. The details given there, however, match an annexation by Theodric Pointel (33,21. 90,8), in which no interest of the abbey is mentioned, rather better than those of this holding. This is regrettable since we could otherwise deduce the name of the thane who 'went to battle in Yorkshire' as Ealdred the thane (Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 324 p. 947); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1835 (JP).
	TO BATTLE IN YORK[SHIRE] WITH [* EARL *] HAROLD. A reference to the battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066. Compare 30,16 York note (ARR).
		See also 1,1 Harold note (JP).
7,1	[* EARL *] HAROLD HELD WALTHAM [HOLY CROSS]. Earl (later King) Harold, who greatly extended the landholding of the canons of Waltham (ESS 8) (ARR).
		See also 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	WOODLAND, 202 PIGS. So in the manuscript but ii. 7. cc. is probably a scribal error for m. 7. 7 .cc., that is, 1200 (ARR).
	TRIBUTARIES. Censarii, cens(it)ores, chiefly in north-east Mercia, Yorkshire, Essex and Dorset, paid tribute in money, not work (ARR).
	1 PLOUGH CAN BE RESTORED. The one plough in lordship lacking in 1086, see above (ARR).
	HOLY CROSS. The canons of Waltham (ESS 8) (ARR).
	WILLIAM OF WARENNE TOOK. Neither the ½ hide nor the 105 acres annexed by William are recorded in his fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1836 (JP).
	RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER ... 30 ACRES. See 37,9 virgate note (ARR).
		That makes it clear that Ranulf had annexed these 30 acres; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1836 (JP).
	A GATE. Aldgate in the City of London. In 1108 the priory of Holy Trinity Aldgate was freed from its subjection to the canons of Waltham. See Page, London, pp. 153-54 and Hodgett, Cartulary of Holy Trinity Aldgate, nos. 1-11 (information supplied by Dr. D. J. Keene) (ARR).
	BISHOP ^[OF DURHAM]^ 'S PREDECESSOR. Altered in the manuscript from 'his predecessor', suo antecessori. Probably referring to Walcher, Bishop of Durham 1071-1080 (ARR).
		However, predecessor may possibly refer to his successor in that see, William of St Calais, bishop from 1080-1096. The late twelfth-century Waltham chronicle states that a charter of William II Rufus restored to the canons the vill of Waltham previously granted to Bishop Walcher by the Conqueror: Waltham Chronicle (Watkins and Chibnall, p. 61). The charter has not survived and the source is late; but it is clear that Walcher had acquired some interest in the lands of Waltham Abbey before his death: Early Charters of Waltham Abbey (Ransford, p. 7 no. 10). On the other hand, antecessor in Domesday Book normally refers to the pre-Conquest landowner from whom title was derived, and the reference here is only to Aldgate, not to the manor of Waltham as a whole (JP).
		Whichever of the two prelates was granted Waltham, however, this substantial manor was part of a larger endowment by the Conqueror of the Bishopric of Durham in southern England (where it had previously held nothing of consequence). Bishop William succeeded to the estates of the Abbey of Waltham in both Bedfordshire (BDF 5) and Berkshire (BRK 4). He also held an estate in Northamptonshire (NTH 3) and a fief of some 50 holdings in Lincolnshire, all previously held by laymen T.R.E. Even in Yorkshire the holdings of the Bishopric of Durham were increased with grants of large sokes previously held by Earl Morcar and King Edward. No charters for any of these grants have survived; but the Domesday record consistently implies that they occurred during the Conqueror's reign and it seems probable that they were part of the Conqueror's strategy for stabilising northern England and strengthening the position of the Crown there. Bishop William of St Calais, of course, has also been identified as the mastermind behind the Domesday survey (Chaplais, 'William of St Calais', pp. 65-77) (JP).
8	CANONS OF WALTHAM HOLY CROSS. The college of secular canons, favoured by King Harold. The latter's heart is buried at Waltham (ARR).
8,3	WOODFORD. The gap in Farley after the place-name represents an erasure in the manuscript (ARR).
	WOODLAND ... NOW NONE. Added in the margin of the manuscript and here placed in the translation in its proper place (ARR).
8,4	1 PLOUGH ... RESTORED. That is, in lordship (ARR).
8,8	CHURCH ANNEXED ... AND STILL HOLDS. See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1837 (JP).
8,9	GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE ... ½ [HIDE]. This holding is not recorded on Geoffrey's fief though he had acquired another manor in the same hundred 'by exchange' (30,4); see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1838 (JP).
	IN THIS MANOR. Little Domesday In ho manerio, in error for In hoc manerio (ARR).
	1 CARUCATE. Little Domesday has .i. carr' t'rae. Probably the land described at 32,29 (ARR).
	GERNON ... GIFT. Robert had a hide in [South] Weald (32,29), also allegedly held by exchange; but that holding appears to be distinct from this, which does not appear elsewhere in Robert's fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1838 (JP).
8,11	AFTER THIS ENTRY at the top of the next folio (17a) there is in the manuscript a partial list of landholders; see {Introduction: the Manuscript}.
9	ST MARY'S BARKING. The Benedictine nunnery, founded in the mid-seventh century and refounded in the mid-tenth (ARR).
9,1	ST MARY'S ^[BARKING]^ HOLDS. Literally, 'St Mary holds' (ARR).
	TUROLD OF ROCHESTER. ... 30 ACRES. The 30 acres are entered under the adjacent Chadwell in 18,11 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1839 (JP).
	VILLAGERS' PLOUGHS. car[uce] uill[an]is, with dative of possession. An alternative to the more usual 'men's ploughs', caruce hominum (ARR).
9,2	RAVENGAR. Little Domesday Rauengari[us], fromOld German Hrabangar; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 212 (ARR).
		The name Ravengar occurs five times in Domesday Book, all in Essex and all apparently referring to a post-Conquest landholder who had been succeeded by the 1086 tenants-in-chief, in three cases by the Bishop of Bayeux (18,6-7;15) and in the other by Geoffrey de Mandeville. Four of the holdings were in Barnstable Hundred and the fifth in the neighbouring hundred of Rochford. All four cases in Barstable Hundred involved annexations by Ravengar. There can be little doubt that all five references are to the same individual (JP).
	TOOK 24 ACRES. Other references to Ravengar imply that he was no longer active in 1086. If this was true here, however, the jurors have been remiss in not stating who was currently in possession of the land he had stolen which does not appear to be recorded on any other fief. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 281 no. 1840 (JP).
9,5	EXISTED FREELY ... DO ... AS HE PLEASES. This apparently stark statement of loss of freedom since the Conquest is presumably a reference to free men previously owing suit only to the hundred being absorbed into a royal manor, a fairly common fate for much of the free peasantry recorded in Little Domesday: see Finn, Domesday Studies: the Eastern Counties, pp. 29, 33, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1841 (JP).
	GODWIN WOODHEN. Little Domesday cudhen (here), gudhen (90,1). Unexplained by Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 390, but probably a byname, hypothetical Wudhen from Old English wude-henn 'a female wood-cock' (ARR).
	3 VIRGATES. See 90,2 where they are recorded as an annexation (ARR).
9,7	BARKING. VCH Essex, i. p. 448, again mistakes the Old English nominative plural form Berchingas for a Latin accusative plural. Compare 6,8 Feering note (ARR).
	24 GOATS. So in the manuscript, the Ordnance Survey facsimile has (in error): xviiii (ARR).
	LONDON ... ½ CHURCH. A reference to All Hallows, Barking-by-the-Tower. The three dots in Farley at the foot of folio 17b represent an erasure (of xiii) in the manuscript (ARR).
	ENGLISHMEN ... FRENCHMEN. The men of the hundred jury, four French and four English (ARR).
	JOCELYN LORIMER. He held land adjacent at Ilford (64,1) (ARR).
		However, there is no reference in his fief or elsewhere to this land taken away from Barking. He was guilty of another annexation at the expense of Ely Abbey: see 1,2 Ely note; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1842 (JP).
9,8	WIGBOROUGH. The manor of Abbot's (formerly Abbess) Hall in Great Wigborough; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 324 (ARR).
	3 HOUSES IN COLCHESTER. See B3s (ARR).
9,10	THERE WERE. Little Domesday has fuere, a short form for fuerunt; see 3,10 were note (ARR).
	30 ACRES ... BY EXCHANGE. These 30 acres held by William of Warenne allegedly by an exchange are not recorded in his fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1843 (JP).
9,11	INGATESTONE. Owned by Barking Abbey until the Dissolution; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 253-54 (ARR).
	9 CATTLE. Little Domesday repeats .ix. an[imalia] in error (ARR).
9,12	THE GAP before this entry in Farley represents a tear (repaired) in the manuscript. Compare 10,1 sheep note (ARR).
9,13	WILLIAM OF BOURSIGNY. Probably from Boursigny (in the French département of Calvados); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 78 (ARR).
9,14	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	SUCH SERVICE AS HIS PREDECESSOR. In this dispute over service between Ranulf Peverel and the abbess, the rights and wrongs of the situation are unclear. On the face of it, Ranulf's desire to do the same service as his predecessor is unimpeachable; but it is difficult to see how this service, whatever it was, can be reconciled with the holding being 'for the Church's supplies' T.R.E. Perhaps the implication is that Ranulf Peverel had claimed the holding as the antecessor to Siward of Maldon whose rights here were not heritable, a common enough phenomenon. This would explain the use of the term antecessor; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1844 (JP).
	ODO ... RECEIVED 10 ACRES. An Odo held several holdings from Swein of Essex but none include this annexation: see 24,19;25;50-51;66; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1844 (JP).
10	ST ETHELDREDA'S, ELY. Ely Abbey. For possessions alienated by 1086, not mentioned in this chapter, see 1,2. 18,36. 22,7. 25,3. 27,14. 30,27;41. 34,19. 79,1 (ARR).
10,1	BROXTED. The same information is given in Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 125), in Inquisitio Eliensis Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172) and in Inquisitio Eliensis Nomina Villarum, (Hamilton, p. 175) (ARR).
	70 SHEEP ... MANOR. The gap in Farley at the two line-ends represents the reverse of the same tear referred to in 9,12 gap note (ARR).
	9 ACRES ... £4. The last two lines on folio 18b are written in the manuscript over an erasure (ARR).
	WERE TAKEN AWAY. See 25,12 (ARR).
		There the facts of the case are recorded with additional detail but without any explicit reference to an annexation: see also 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1845 (JP).
	ALSO. Farley replaces the ampersand of the manuscript with the tironian nota (ARR).
	2 CARUCATES ... WHICH EUDO HOLDS. This appears to imply an annexation but Eudo is not recorded as holding the 2 carucates in his fief; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1845 (JP).
10,2	RODING. See also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 126). The information in 22,7-8 and Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 184) suggests that Little Domesday is defective here as it appears that 22,7 was also alienated from Ely while the statistics in 10,2 include elements from both 22,7-8 (ARR).
	TOOK THE THIRD HIDE. See 22,8 (ARR).
		There the hundred is recorded as testifying to the tenure by Ely Abbey T.R.E.; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1846 (JP).
	23 PIGS. Little Domesday: xvviii; Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 126): xviii (ARR).
10,3	RETTENDON. See also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 126), Inquisitio Eliensis Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172), Inquisitio Eliensis Nomina Villarum, (Hamilton, p. 175) (ARR).
	3 PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. Inquisitio Eliensis Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172), lists 4 (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *] HOLDS. Little Domesday ten& is a Little Domesday error for tenuit 'held' (ARR).
		See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	1 HIDE AND 30 ACRES. See 34,30 (ARR).
		There details of the holding are recorded; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1847 (JP).
	2 HIDES AND 30 ACRES ... PERMISSION. Farley uses the same symbol for q[ue] in q[ue] tenuit as for q[uia] in q[ui] antecessor; in the manuscript and Ordnance Survey facsimile these symbols differ. See 25,20 (ARR).
		There details of the holding are recorded; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1847 (JP).
10,4	HADSTOCK. For this entry, see also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 126). For the name represented by Little Domesday Cadenhou, see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 510-11 (ARR).
10,5	LITTLEBURY. See also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, pp. 126-27); Inquisitio Eliensis Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172); Inquisitio Eliensis Nomina Villarum, (Hamilton, p. 175) (ARR).
	19 SMALLHOLDERS. Inquisitio Eliensis Breviate, (Hamilton, p. 172), lists 16 (ARR).
	7 SLAVES. Inquisitio Eliensis Breviate, (Hamilton, p, 172), lists 6 (ARR).
	CALLED STRETHALL. Farley vocat[ur], manuscript uocat[ur] (ARR).
	ALWIN. Little Domesday: Eluui[us]; Inquisitio Eliensis: Alwinus (manuscripts B, C), alfpinus (manuscript A) (ARR).
	HUGH [!5! OF BERNIERES !5!]. Inquisitio Eliensis, p. 127, Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 182), calls him Hugh of Bernières. Also in Cambridgeshire (CAM 27), etc (ARR).
	HEYDON. Farley: hamdena; manuscript: haindena.
		According to Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 182) this was also appropriated by Hugh of Bernières (ARR).
	ALWIN [HELD]. Little Domesday omits tenuit (ARR).
	WILLIAM CARDON. The byname is Old French cardon 'thistle'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 368-69. The byname survives in Cardon's Hall in Chishall: VCH Essex, i. p. 356 (ARR).
	WRONGFULLY RECEIVED. i[n]i[us]te[m] Farley, in error for i[n]i[us]te of the manuscript (ARR).
		William Cardon held two other holdings from Geoffrey de Mandeville in Uttlesford Hundred (20,71 (also referred to in the annexations 90,34) and 30,46) but they do not include these 24 acres; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1848 who translates this phrase as 'unjustly took' (JP).
11	ST EDMUND'S. Literally, 'St Edmund'. The Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk (ARR).
11,1	WILLIAM SON OF GROSS. An undertenant of Hugh de Montfort (27,2. 90,15;18). See also 1,2 and 88,2 (ARR).
11,2	3 HIDES ... WHICH 5 FREE MEN HELD. The absorption of land of free men into the manors of lay and ecclesiastical tenants-in-chief is frequently reported, presumably as a possible source of royal revenue from the fines which might result. It is unclear in this case whether the free men themselves survived (as was often the case) to be incorporated into the resources of the manor: see 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 282 no. 1849 (JP).
11,3	FOR 4 ½ HIDES. So in the manuscript; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has '3 ½ hides' (ARR).
11,5	HUNDRED OF LEXDEN. Little Domesday Laxefelda; this spelling would appear to be in error. The scribe of Little Domesday has substituted the Old English element feld for denu contained in Lexden; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 359, 376 (ARR).
11,7	WALTHAM. The manor of Channels in Little Waltham; VCH Essex, i. p. 451, note 8 (ARR).
	[HOLDS] BY THE KING'S GIFT. Recorded gifts by the king, though not uncommon in Domesday Book and particularly numerous in Little Domesday, must be far fewer than those actually granted by the king. In this case, the gift may have been recorded as an affirmation of title since a Stanhard, possibly the same individual, still held land in 1086 'from the King'; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1850 (JP).
12	ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND, LONDON. St Martin-le-Grand, founded by Engelric the predecessor of Count Eustace (ARR).
		See 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
12,1	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	COUNT EUSTACE GAVE [IT]. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1851 (JP).
	OUTLIER. According to Early Charters of Essex, p. 36 no. 84 [= Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 181, pp. 594-601], dated 1068, this was at Mashbury (ARR).
	KEPT IT FOR HIMSELF. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1851 (JP).
13	ST MARTIN'S, BATTLE. Battle Abbey, founded by King William on the battlefield of Hastings (ARR).
13,1	GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. See 28,11 Goti note (ARR).
	HUTTON. Little Domesday Atahov, Old English aet and hōh, 'at the hill', with later addition of tūn 'estate'; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 160 (ARR).
	FREE LAND. lib[er]ae t[er]rae (genitive singular). VCH Essex, i. p. 452, note 4, suggests it was free from geld (ARR).
13,2	HORSEHAM [HALL]. Later in 'Freshwell' Hundred; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 509; VCH Essex, i. p. 452, note 5 (ARR).
	33 SHEEP. So in the manuscript; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has: '28' (ARR).
14	LAND OF SAINT-VALERY'S. King William granted 12 ½ hides in Essex to the abbey in 1068 (Early Charters of Essex, p. 37 no. 85) to repay Saint-Valéry for having sent a favourable wind to enable him to cross the Channel before the Battle of Hastings (ARR).
14,1	MATCHING. VCH Essex, i. p. 452, note 8 identified this as Matching Barns in Hatfield Broad Oak but this was not confirmed by Place-Names of Essex, pp. 43, 45 (ARR).
14,2	LINDSELL. The manor of Prior's Hall there; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 487 (ARR).
	WITHIN THIS ENTRY on folio 21a, lines 2-7, Farley omits to show an oblique gap caused by a (repaired) tear in the manuscript (ARR).
14,3	TAKELEY. The manor later called Warish Hall in Takeley; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 535-36. its name commemorates ownership by Saint-Valéry's (ARR).
14,5	WIDDINGTON. The manor of Prior's Hall there; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 546 (ARR).
	20 SHEEP. Little Domesday .xx. ou[es] is in error, probably for .xx. bor[darii], '20 smallholders' (ARR).
14,6	ST PETER'S CHAPEL. The estate was one of those near St Peter's Chapel (Ythancaestir, c. 735) on the site of the Roman fort of Othona; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 210-11. Identified by VCH Essex, i. pp. 453, 392 as the manor of East Hall in Bradwell (ARR).
14,7	HE ALSO ^[THORKIL]^ HELD. Little Domesday ten', here for tenuit, governed as in 14,6 by 'Thorkil' (ARR).
15	LAND LA TRINITE, CAEN. The nunnery there, founded by Queen Matilda (ARR).
15,1	FELSTED. Granted to Holy Trinity in 1082 by King William and Queen Matilda; see Early Charters of Essex, p. 39 no. 92 [=Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 60, pp. 287-88] (ARR).
	GAVE 3 VIRGATES. Recorded at 72,2 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1852 (JP).
	THE FOURTH. Recorded at 73,1 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1852 (JP).
16	LAND OF SAINT-ETIENNE, CAEN. The monastery there, founded by William the Conqueror (ARR).
16,1	PANFIELD. See Early Charters of Essex, p. 38 no. 88, [also Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, nos. 45, 52, pp. 215-19, 243-48], for King William's confirmation of Panfield to St Stephen's between 1071 and 1077. It had been granted by Waleran son of Ranulf between 1069 and 1076, Early Charters of Essex, p. 37 no. 86 (ARR).
17	ST OUEN'S. The abbey at Rouen, dedicated to St Audoenus (ARR).
17,1	ST OUEN'S ^[OF ROUEN]^ HELD. Literally, 'St Ouen held'.
	[WEST] MERSEA. The estate appears to have been granted to St Ouen's by Edward the Confessor in 1046: Early Charters of Essex, p. 29 no. 63 (= Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 1015) (ARR).
	WALERAN [* FATHER OF JOHN *] TOOK IT AWAY. See B6 for Waleran's connection with Colchester (ARR).
		See also 20,1 Engelric note, and see Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1851 (JP).
17,2	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] TOOK 2 FREEMEN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1853; and see 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	ADDED TO THE KING'S MANOR AT LAYER. For the king's land there (said to be an outlier of Stanway manor), see 1,19 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1853 (JP).
	FORFEITURES OF THE HUNDRED. The profits of jurisdiction in the hundred court; see further Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, pp. 73-85 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1853 (JP).
18	BISHOP OF BAYEUX. Odo, King William's half-brother. Although he was imprisoned from 1082-1087, his lands were maintained as a unit (ARR).
18,1	^[RALPH]^ SON OF THOROLD. As elsewhere in this chapter, this no doubt refers to Ralph son of Thorold of Rochester (ARR).
	30 ACRES ... ADDED ... 1066. See 20,1 (ARR).
		See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1854 (JP).
18,2	INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. The royal thane Ingvar was the predecessor of Ranulf son of Ilger and of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Essex (20,71. 37,3;10;12;14;16) and Cambridgeshire (CAM 15,2. 34,1), and of Ranulf in Huntingdonshire (HUN 24,1). The Ingvar who held the large manor of Burstead in Essex which devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux is probably the same man since it is only a few miles from the substantial manor which Ranulf acquired from Ingvar at Mountnessing and it is improbable that two Anglo-Saxon magnates with the same rare name were such close neighbours. The only other holding of an Ingvar outside Devon, at South Elmham in Suffolk (SUF 19,16), is also likely to have belonged to the same individual since he was a lord of men and no other Ingvar will fit that description. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 315-16 (JP).
	28 FREE MEN WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1855 (JP).
	WOODLAND, ½ HIDE. The measurement of woodland in hides, here, in 18,5 and in several entries in ESS 24, is unusual in the Domesday survey (ARR).
18,5	INGRAVE. The second part of the modern name preserves the name of the Domesday tenant, [Ralph] son of Thorold; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 161 (ARR).
	WOODLAND. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).
	7 FREE MEN ... HAVE BEEN ADDED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1856 (JP).
	3 HIDES. v deleted, iii interlined (ARR).
	11 SMALLHOLDERS. Misplaced among the resources (ARR).
18,6	RAVENGAR TOOK THE LAND. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 283 no. 1857 (JP).
18,7	WHEATLEY. Later in Rochford Hundred; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 195 (ARR).
	^[THEODRIC]^ POINTEL. Probably Theodric Pointel (ESS 71) (ARR).
	RAVENGAR TOOK THIS LAND. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 283-84 no. 1858 (JP).
18,9	TEHER. A Norman French form of Old German Theothere; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 228 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, Teri, appears in SUF 41,11, but this was a T.R.E. landholder only. A further form, Thyri, appears in NFK 34,8 as a T.R.W. landholder, but there are no obvious tenurial links to the Essex holding, and neither were of sufficient size to suggest a geographical link between the two (NH).
18,11	30 ACRES. At Mucking, see 9,1 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1859 (JP).
18,14	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. Osward, probably the sheriff of Kent (KEN 1,1), is named as having full jurisdiction in western Kent (KEN D25); he was the predecessor of the Bishop of Bayeux in Kent and Essex and probably also of the only two other holdings of an Osward in Kent, the two substantial manors of Crayford and Sellindge, the former held from the archbishop of Canterbury according to the Domesday Monachorum, and the latter acquired by Hugh de Montfort. Crayford was adjacent to the royal manor of Dartford where Osward the sheriff was active, and Sellindge was in western Kent. Moreover, two wealthy landowners with an uncommon name in one county is unlikely, three improbable.
		It has been observed that in the absence of documentation - almost always the case with Anglo-Saxon landowners - the search for connections which may indicate a identification 'starts with a scattering of dots across the map of England': Lewis, 'Joining the Dots', p. 80. In the case of Osward, the dots are highly indicative: two concentrations, one in Kent, Sussex and Surrey, the other in western England. Otherwise the map is blank apart from a solitary dot in Nottinghamshire. In the south-east, this pattern offers indications of identification where the usual clues - tenurial associations - fail, due the manner in which the Conqueror carved up Kent and Sussex in particular, and they point to a limited number of individuals, possibly only one. The wealthy manor at Walkingstead (SUR 15,2), and the substantial ones at Addington (SUR 34,1), Pangdean and Ratton (SUS 10,35. 12,32), point in the same direction. Additionally, two tenants-in-chief acquired a holding from an Osward in Claverham, and each had one other holding in the neighbourhood from an Osward. Finally, there are three holdings along the south coast of Sussex held by an Osward at both dates (SUS 12,24;27) or in 1086 (SUS 9,14): more than one survivor with an uncommon name in a limited area is improbable. These three holdings are interspersed with those already discussed, forming a line across southern Sussex and Kent between Muntham (SUS 13,15) in the west and Sellindge in the east. It seems more likely than not that the bulk of these holdings, possibly all of them, had belonged to the same individual, allowed to survive on a fraction of his former holdings by his supplanters, as was often the case elsewhere. See also Clarke, English Nobility, whose list omits the holding recorded in the Domesday Monachorum and also SUS 9,4 and 12,24;27;32 (JP).
18,16	BARLING. The manor of Mucking Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 456, note 7 (ARR).
18,17	2 OXEN. That is, ¼ plough-team (ARR).
18,18	23s. xiii with another x interlined (ARR).
18,19	^[THEODRIC]^ POINTEL. Probably Theodric Pointel (ESS 71), as 18,7(ARR).
18,20	35 ACRES. xxx with v interlined (ARR).
18,21	AUBREY [* DE VERE *]'S WIFE. That is, of Aubrey de Vere (ESS 35). Compare 18,24 (ARR).
	'NAPSTED'. Lost in Little Maplestead; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 447. Compare also 90,38 for Aubrey's wife's annexation at Little Maplestead (ARR).
18,21a	TIHEL OF HELLEAN. See ESS 38 Tihel note (ARR).
18,22	MAN-AT-ARMS ... APPROPRIATED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1860 (JP).
18,23	FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).
	BRADWELL QUAY. Formerly 'Hackfleet', Place-Names of Essex, pp. 209-10 (ARR).
	OUTLAWED ... RECEIVED THE LAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1861, who translates 'have taken the land' (JP).
18,24	FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).
	AUBREY [* DE VERE *]'S WIFE. That is, of Aubrey de Vere (ESS 35). Compare 18,21 (ARR).
18,25	[* HUGH *] HERBERT'S NEPHEW. Or possibly his grandson (nepos). He was probably the Hugh, who held Screveton (NTT 7,6) from the bishop (ARR).
18,26	MAUGER. See 6,8 Mauger note (ARR).
18,27	MAUGER. See 6,8 Mauger note (ARR).
18,29	MANNING. Little Domesday Mannic[us]; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 324 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
18,30	FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).
	RAINHAM. The manor of Southall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 458, note 3; South Hall in Place-Names of Essex, p. 128 (ARR).
18,31	FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).
18,32	FARLEY does not show two oblique tears (repaired) which affect the writing of entries 18,23-24 and 18,30-32 (on the reverse) in the manuscript (ARR).
	WILLIAM PEVEREL ... THURROCK. See 48,2 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1862 (JP).
18,33	CRANHAM. Little Domesday Craohv; for the identification, see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 124-25 (ARR).
18,34	HIDES ... 10 ACRES. See 48,2 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1863 (JP).
18,35	"LIMPWELLA". Unidentified, a place named from a spring of some sort (Old English wella). The first element looks like Old English (ge)limp, 'an event, happening, accident' (ARR).
	BISHOP. In Little Domesday comite ('count') has been deleted (ARR).
18,36	COUNTY DOES NOT KNOW HOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1864 (JP).
	ELY ABBEY. See Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 128), Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 188) (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1864 (JP).
	2 MEN. Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 128), has liberi homines ('free men') (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1864 (JP).
18,37	DANE. dac[us]; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 135 (ARR).
	"BEREWIC". Unidentified, Old English bere-wîc, 'outlier' (ARR).
	THOROLD. Perhaps in error for [Ralph] son of Thorold of Rochester (ARR).
18,38	R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. Son of Turold of Rochester (ARR).
18,39	ANAND THE DANE. Old Danish Anund, von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 161. For dac[us] see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 135 (ARR).
	AS A MANOR. iii at first written, then m[anerio] added overline as a correction (ARR).
	R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.
18,40	SAEGAR. Little Domesday Segar[us]; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 352, under Saegar (ARR).
	PATCHING [HALL]. VCH Essex, i. p. 459, note 9, misinterprets Pacingas as Latin accusative plural rather than as Old English nominative plural (ARR).
	R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.
18,41	THIS ENTRY would appear to have been originally begun in Little Domesday on the previous line, where the paragraph-mark and an initial M have been left in suspension (ARR).
	R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.
18,42	THE OTHER MOULSHAM [HALL]. Another manor, also within the area now called Moulsham Hall (ARR).
	R[ALPH] [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.
18,43	EDSTAN <OF THORRINGTON>. Little Domesday Adstan[us]; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 188 (ARR).
		Edstan is a rare name so it is possible that the two holdings of an Edstan in Essex and Buckinghamshire were held by the same man, despite the distance between them, a link being provided by the Bishop of Bayeux. Although Bishop Odo is not recorded as holding Chicheley (BUK 17,25), the Bishop's predecessor, Alnoth of Kent, had held it, and every other holding of Alnoth of Kent had devolved upon the Bishop. It is likely, therefore, that it had passed through his hands and possible that Edstan had been his tenant there also (JP).
	RALPH [* SON OF TUROLD *]. See 18,38 R[alph] note.
	THOROLD OF ROCHESTER ANNEXED THIS LAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1865 (JP).
18,44	OTHER LAND. Possibly a reference to the ½ hide belonging to Lawford (in the same hundred) mentioned in 1,27 as being held by Ralph son of Thorold under the Bishop of Bayeux (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 284 no. 1865 (JP).
18,45	OSLAC <OF TOLLESHUNT>. The name Oslac occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing between thirteen and fifteen individuals. The distribution is curious, falling into four distinct groups, in Devon, Shropshire, the Midlands, and East Anglia and Essex. The three modest holdings in Essex have no apparent links with each other (or with the men called Oslac in East Anglia) and are scattered around the three corners of the county. It is likely they belonged to three individuals (JP).
19,1	[HUNDRED OF CHELMSFORD]. Little Domesday omits the hundred rubric (ARR).
	WRITTLE. See 1,24 for an almost duplicate entry (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD'S HOLDING. Referring to Earl Harold; in 1,24 the same information is given in reference to 'the king's Holding' (ARR).
		See also 1,1 Harold note (JP).
20	COUNT EUSTACE. Of Boulogne, brother-in-law of King Edward (ARR).
20,1	30 ACRES ... HOLDING. Entered under Vange (18,1), adjacent to Fobbing (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1866 (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. Count Eustace's predecessor in many of his lands. The founder of St Martin-le-Grand in London (ARR).
		Engelric the priest was the predecessor of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Essex, Hertfordshire and Suffolk, named 'the priest' in the Douglas, Feudal Documents from Bury St Edmunds, p. 8. His holdings in other fiefs can be identified either because there is an association with Count Eustace (1,24;27. 17,2. HRT 15,4-6;9. 39,1.), because of his relationship to St Martin's (6,1), or because of his involvement with Abbot Baldwin (SUF 14,39;101. 39,3). The only other occurrence of the name Engelric in Domesday Book is that of the pre-Conquest holder of the handsome manor of Newnham Murren (OXF 35,11). It is difficult to believe that this was the only manor held by this man; but, if not, he was perforce Engelric the priest. Unfortunately, there are no tenurial or other links which can confirm this but it seems more likely than not. On Engelric, see Round, Commune of London, pp. 28-38. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 307-308, who does assign Newnham to Engelric the priest; his list, of course, does not include the many references to Engelric's post-Conquest holdings and plunderings (JP).
	ADDED ... 22 FREE MEN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1866 (JP).
20,2	WARNER. The Little Domesday form Garner[us] is an Old French form of Old German Warinhari; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 247-48 (ARR).
20,3	BODDA. This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, Boda, appears in HAM 23,43;56. 45,6, WIL 37,14. 68,33. All these were T.R.E. landholders only except for the Boda of HAM 23,56 and there are no obvious tenurial links to the T.R.W. holding of Budd in Essex. The distance between the holdings also gives a strong indication that Budd was a separate individual (NH).
	THEN 2 PLOUGHS. In the manuscript, ii has been altered from i (ARR).
20,4	ORSETT. The manor of Loft Hall there: VCH Essex, i. p. 461, note 2 (ARR).
	BISHOP OF LONDON. Bishop William, see 3,2 (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	THIS HIDE ... 100 MANORS. These are also mentioned in 3,2. They may refer to a total number of manors promised to Count Eustace by King William (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1867 (JP).
20,5	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	'GRAVESEND'. Little Domesday Grauesanda[m]. Probably a detached part of Gravesend, Kent, which lies on the opposite bank of the Thames to Barstable Hundred. Compare the entry for Chalk (KEN 5,104) for another connection between estates in Kent and Essex (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	THIS HIDE ... 100 MANORS. These are also mentioned in 3,2. They may refer to a total number of manors promised to Count Eustace by King William (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1868 (JP).
20,6	AELFRIC ... HOLDS. Tenuit ('held') altered to Tenet ('holds') (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1869 (JP).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	30 ACRES. See 28,3. Compare 1,3 dispossessed note (ARR).
20,7	ALWAYS ... 1 PLOUGH. Se[m]p[er] in this instance means 'then and now', since a different figure is given for 'when acquired' (ARR).
	HIRED MAN. Translating mercennari[us] (ARR).
	ADDED 38 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1870 (JP).
20,8	QUEEN EDITH. The consort of Edward the Confessor and daughter of Earl Godwin of Wessex (ARR).
	300 AND A HALF. That is, 350; unless dim' has been entered in error through confusion with the line below (ARR).
	COLCHESTER. See B3g for Count Eustace's houses there (ARR).
	RICHARD OF SACKVILLE. He came from Sacquenville (in the French département of Eure: arrondissement Evreux, [canton Evreux-Nord]), according to Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 111-12 (ARR). This was also the identification of JRM in HRT 31,6.
		There is no doubt that the Domesday forms of the name (de Sachanuilla here and de Sacheuilla in ESS 20,8, assuming a missed nunnation mark over the -e- in the latter) point to Sacquenville, early forms of which are Sachenvilla (c.1060) Sachenville (1195), Sakenvilla (c. 1210). The identification with Secqueville-en-Bessin (Round in VCH Essex, i. p. 379; Round, 'The Essex Sackville'; p. 218; Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 88; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 361) depends on the fact that Secqueville-en-Bessin (in the French département of Calvados, arrondissement Caen, canton Creully) is 7 miles from Ryes (in the French département of Calvados, arrondissement Bayeux), the place of origin of Eudo the steward from whom Richard holds here. However, this Richard is presumably the same as the man who holds from Count Eustace in Essex. Eustace was Count of Boulogne far away in the Artois, now the French département of Pas-de-Calais. There is no evidence that Richard was a follower of either man on the continent. Moreover, the early forms of Secqueville are Sicca Villa (1077), Sechevilla (1155), Secqueville (1127); these are Latin sicca villa ('dry estate'), modern French 'ville sèche'; they are not compatible with Domesday's de Sacha(n)uilla. Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 361, has Richard originate from 'Sauqueville-en-Besin, Calvados, arr[ondissement] Caen, cant[on] Creully', but this is confusing since there is no Sauqueville-en-Besin, only Secqueville-en-Bessin. There is a Sauqueville in the French département of Seine-Maritime (arrondissement Dieppe, canton Offranville) from which Round, Peerage and Pedigree, i. p. 287, and Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 88, derived the Sackvilles who were the later earls of Dorset. The family of the Sackvilles of Essex probably descended from the present Richard and the form Sackevilla (1220) for Sacquenville shows the name in a transitional state; see Dauzat and Rostaing, Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux en France, under Sacquenville, Sécheval; Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Sackville.
	TOOK AWAY ... ½ MILL. See 25,1 Richard note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1871 (JP).
20,9	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
20,11	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
20,12	IWAIN. Little Domesday Iunain[us] here, Iunan[us] 20,50. The first n in both spellings is in error for u. Iwain is Old Breton or Old Welsh (ARR).
20,13	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. Little Domesday Adelolfus. Possibly from Marck (in the French département of Pas-de-Calais: arrondissement Calais), according to Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 98. His first name is Old German; Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 10. For his family and estates, see VCH Essex, i. p. 344 (ARR).
		He was a Fleming and an important tenant of Count Eustace of Boulogne, and according to more recent authorities he was from probably from Merck-Saint-Lizévin (in the French département of Pas-de-Calais: arrondissement Saint-Omer): Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 125. His name is rare, being borne by at most three other individuals in Domesday Book so there can be little doubt that all occurrences of this name on the fief of Count Eustace refer to the same individual (JP).
		In connection with the uncertainty over his place of origin, it should be pointed out that the family name Guines is associated with Adelulf's holding in Tolleshunt (see 20,57 Tolleshunt note). Guines in the Pas-de-Calais is nearer Marck than to Merck.
	LATTON. The manor of Mark Hall there (Place-Names of Essex, p. 44), named from the byname of the 1086 subtenant. Compare 20,13 Adelulf note (ARR).
	ERNWULF <OF LATTON>. Probably Old English Earnwulf, but possibly Old Danish Arnulf; von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 244 (ARR).
		The name Ernwulf occurs on eight or nine (if NTT 9,89 is included) holdings in Domesday Book, each probably belonging to a different individual. None of the holdings are substantial, all are distant from each other, and none shared English predecessors or Norman tenants-in-chief. Five of the holdings were pre-Conquest tenures, three or four post-Conquest. These latter may well have been of continental origin (as was certainly the case at Leake in Nottinghamshire), making more remote the slight possibility that any of the Ernwulfs were related to each other. The nearest Ernwulf holding to Latton was the tiny property at Parham in Suffolk, too small and too distant to be plausibly connected (JP).
	AT A CHURCH. Translating ad una[m] eccl[es]iam. A possible alternative is '(belonging) to a church' (ARR).
20,14	BRICTMER. Little Domesday Brictnar[us] (ARR).
	½ HIDE. 7 dim[idia] hid[a] in Farley is in error for p[ro] dim[idia] hid[a] of the manuscript (ARR).
20,15	ADELULF OF MARCK. See 20,13 Adelulf note.
	DUNMOW. The manor of Marks there (Place-Names of Essex, p. 477), named from the family of the 1086 subtenant. Compare 20,13 Latton note (ARR).
20,16	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
20,17	NOT OF ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]'S. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1872 (JP).
	THERE. Little Domesday .i.bi. in error for ibi (ARR).
20,18	'PLESINGHO'. Lost, in Willingale Doe: Place-Names of Essex, pp. 500-501. See also 90,30 (ARR).
20,19	7 HIDES. NOW. Farley omits to show a gap, caused by an erasure, in the manuscript between hid[is] and M[odo] (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED 2 HIDES. See 3,8 after note and 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1873 (JP).
	½ HIDE. See 28,9 Engelric note (ARR).
		See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1872 (JP).
20,21	THEN 38 SHEEP. Latin tunc ('then') is interlined (ARR).
20,22	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED THIS LAND. See 3,8 after note, and see 20,1 Engelric note. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1874 (JP).
20,24	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
20,25	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ALSO ADDED 1 FREE MAN. See 3,8 after note, and see 20,1 Engelric note. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1875 (JP).
20,26	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED AFTER 1066. See 1,27 king note, and see 20,1 Engelric note. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 285 no. 1876 (JP).
20,27	[STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Garnons there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 464, note 6; Place-Names of Essex, p. 420, under Garland's Farm (ARR).
	CATTLE. Farley adds an otiose abbreviation-mark above n of anim(alia), not in the manuscript (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED 1 FREE MAN. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 285-86 no. 1877 (JP).
20,28	BELCHAMP. VCH Essex, i. p. 464, note 9, identifies this as Belchamp St Ethelbert in Ovington (see Place-Names of Essex, p. 448, under Allbrights), but this is not supported by Place-Names of Essex, pp. 408-409 or by Domesday Gazetteer (ARR).
	WHICH ... HELD. Deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).
20,29	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
	HOLDS. Deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).
20,30	GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. A tenant of Count Eustace of Boulogne in Cambridgeshire, Essex and Norfolk, named in the Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis (CAM 15,2) and in Domesday text for Norfolk (NFK 1,1. 8,31) where it is revealed that he had an uncle, possibly Norman, also possibly a tenant of the Count: see Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 463 (JP).
	20 ... LESS 1. Little Domesday omits the category of livestock. Probably pigs or sheep (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
20,31	GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. See 20,30 Guy note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
20,32	VILLAGERS, NOW 3. ii altered to iii in the manuscript (ARR).
	14 SMALLHOLDERS. xiiii, the x has been altered from i in the manuscript (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... MANORS. Presumably those of Finchingfield (20,30) and Smeetham Hall (20,32) (ARR).
		See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
20,34	ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND, LONDON. See ESS 12 St Martins' note (ARR).
	VALUE ... 100s. Deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).
	WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1878 (JP).
	PLACED THESE ... HALL. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1878 (JP).
20,36	COLCHESTER. As 20,8 Colchester note (ARR).
	BLANCHED. In 20,36-37 both the adjectives candidus and blancus are used to describe pounds of pennies which have been assayed (ARR).
	BECAUSE HIS PREDECESSOR. Another way of saying that the annexation was the work of Engelric the priest. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1879 (JP).
20,37	BLANCHED. Se 20,36 blanched note (ARR).
	AELFRIC ... BOXTED. See HUN D7 (ARR).
	2 COBS. The manuscript has iii with the last minim erased; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has iii (ARR).
20,38	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] HAD IT. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1880 (JP).
20,39	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	COLCHESTER. See B3g for Count Eustace's houses there (ARR).
20,40	EDRIC [* OF EASTHORPE *]. Called Edric of Easthorpe in 37,20 from his holding here (ARR).
20,41	COLNE. VCH Essex, i. p. 466, note 2, identifies this as Colne Engaine but this is not supported by Place-Names of Essex, p. 379 or by Domesday Gazetteer (ARR).
	AELFRIC BIG. The byname biga is probably identical with Middle English bigge 'of large, bulky size', Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 290-92 (ARR).
	AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] HAD IT. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1881 (JP).
20,42	GODRIC OF COLCHESTER. See Bl-2 (ARR).
20,43	[* EARL *] LEOFWIN. The name Leofwin is so common that it is an almost hopeless task to identify the earl of that name if the scribe omits his title. Even in the Sussex heartland of the Godwinson family where Leofwins are suspiciously thick on the ground, there are few cases where a reasonably secure identification can be suggested. It is likely, for instance, that most if not all of the substantial manors held by a Leofwin in the county (SUS 11,21;68. 12,40. 13,20;38;43) had belonged to the earl; but which of them is guesswork. Only in the case of Worthing and Sompting (SUS 13,35-40), where the interdependence of holdings and the coincidence of the names of Earl Godwin, Leofwin and Tosti suggest a family holding, has an identification been accepted as reasonably secure. Outside the county, it is probable that the Leofwins at Islington in Middlesex (MDX 11,2) and Libury in Hertfordshire (HRT 5,10) were the earl since no other Leofwin was a lord of men in Middlesex and other men held from the earl in Libury. It is also likely that it was the earl who held the substantial manor of Rampisham in Dorset (DOR 4,1) since this devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux who succeeded Earl Leofwin in several other counties. Finally, Count Eustace of Boulogne probably acquired his very valuable manors of Stanford and Laver (20,43;45) from the earl, these being by a very considerable margin the most valuable manors held by a Leofwin in Essex. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 200-203, who omits from his list the substantial Hertfordshire manors held by the earl's men in Hemel Hempstead and King's Langley (HRT 15,10-11) (JP).
	AS MUCH. Little Domesday has an otiose abbreviation-mark above u of tantunde[m] (ARR).
	ACQUIRED 7, NOW 5. Farley does not show the gap in the text in the manuscript, caused by an erasure between vii and m[odo] (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... ADDING HIM. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1882 (JP).
	VALUE ALWAYS 5s. Corrected thus in the manuscript (ARR).
20,44	AELFRIC'S FATHER HELD. There is a deletion of about two letters in the manuscript after ten'; ten& has probably been altered to ten' standing here for ten[uit)] (ARR).
	[AS] OF ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]'S HOLDING. Translating de feudo ingelrici, meaning that it had formerly been held by Engelric (ARR).
		See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
20,45	[* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 20,43 Leofwin note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED THEM. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1883 (JP).
	40 ACRES WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ADDED. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1883 (JP).
20,46	AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THURSTAN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note (JP).
	NOW RALPH BAYNARD HOLDS IT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1884 (JP).
20,49	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED [HIM]. Alternatively '[them]', referring to the 10 acres (ARR).
		See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1885 (JP).
20,50	IWAIN. See 20,12 Iwain note (ARR).
20,51	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... 1066. See 1,24 (ARR).
		See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 286 no. 1886 (JP).
20,52	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED. See 1,24 (ARR).
		See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1887 (JP).
	AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ ARRIVED. See 1,27 king note (JP).
20,53	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1888 (JP).
20,54	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1889 (JP).
20,55	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1890 (JP).
20,56	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED THIS. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1891 (JP).
	AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME TO THIS LAND. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	UNDER THEM. That is, under Lambert before 1066 and under Engelric after 1066 (ARR).
	RANULF PEVEREL CLAIMS ½ HIDE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1891 (JP).
	WHO ... DEFENDER. unde reuocat ea[m] ad defensore[m]; e[am] is a Farley error for eu[m] of the manuscript (ARR).
	AS. Little Domesday u is in error for ut (ARR).
20,57	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
	TOLLESHUNT. VCH Essex, i. p. 468, note 6, identifies this as the manor of Tolleshunt Guines in Tollesbury. Place-Names of Essex, p. 305, under Guines Court, does not quote the Little Domesday form however (ARR).
	THORBIORN. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
20,58	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
20,59	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
20,60	ST MARTIN-LE-GRAND ^[LONDON]^. That is, the church of St Martin-le-Grand; see ESS 12 St Martin note (ARR).
20,61	'BLATCHAMS'. Lost, in Great Totham; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 310-11 (ARR).
	VALUE 10s. Little Domesday has omitted Tunc before Val[uit] (ARR).
20,62	AMALFRID. The Little Domesday form Alm'frid[us] is corrupt. The name is Old German, Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 26 (ARR).
	GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).
	FREE MAN. Little Domesday repeats lib[er] in error (ARR).
20,63	ST OSYTH. Little Domesday Cita[m] is in error for Cica[m]. The place-name commemorates St Osyth who is said to have founded a nunnery at Cicc in the seventh century, see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 347-48. The present holding is identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 469, note 5, as the manor of Earl's Hall in St Osyth (ARR).
	"BURNA". Unidentified, Old English burna '(place at) the stream' (ARR).
	30 ACRES. In the manuscript there is a deletion (?of quas) after .xxx. ac(re) (ARR).
20,64	TENDRING. The manor of Old Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 469, note 9 (ARR).
	AS MUCH. Little Domesday tantude[m] is in error for tantu[n]de[m] (ARR).
20,65	HATO. Old German Hado, Hatto, see Förstemann, Personennamen, p. 790, under Hatho (ARR).
20,66	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
20,67	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] HELD. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1892, who translates 'from the bishopric of London' (JP).
	ST PAUL'S, LONDON. See ESS 5 (ARR).
20,68	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
20,69	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
	LAWFORD. The manor of Dale Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 470, note 5. Compare in 1,27 the reference to an outlier of 4 hides annexed by Engelric and held by Count Eustace (ARR).
	WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED. See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1893 (JP).
	THEM. Referring to the 3 Freemen (ARR).
20,70	TENDRING. VCH Essex, i. p. 470, note 7; The manor of Old Hall in Tendring, as 20,64 Tendring note (ARR).
20,71	INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).
	[AS] OF ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]'S HOLDING. See 20,44 Engelric note (ARR), and see also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	APPROPRIATED AFTER 1066. t[empore] r[egis] Will[elm]i has been altered, by deletion in the manuscript, from t[empore] r[egis] e[dwardi] (ARR).
		See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1894 (JP).
	THESE 8 ACRES. Presumably those belonging to the 2 Freemen who had not been appropriated by Engelric (ARR).
	WILLIAM CARDON HOLDS. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1894 (JP).
	HE PAID. The Freeman (ARR).
20,72	GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. See 20,30 Guy note (JP).
	SIRED. Corrected from Siward; Siuuard[us], -uuard[us] underlined for deletion, -red[us] interlined (ARR).
	3 PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. Farley does not show a gap caused by an erasure in the manuscript between car[uce] and in. There are also deletions and alterations in the following line in the manuscript (ARR).
20,73	GUY [* OF ANJOU *]. See 20,30 Guy note (JP).
	WHICH ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED. See 3,8 after note, and 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1895 (JP).
20,74	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED THIS MANOR. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 287 no. 1896 (JP).
	200 SHEEP AND 88 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript. The second mention of sheep may be in error for goats however (ARR).
20,75	BRICTWULF. According to Early Charters of Essex, p. 36 no. 83 [= Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 43, p. 213], a writ of King William dated between 1066 and 1087, Brictwulf's lands were to be held by the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds. This writ does not appear to have taken effect by the time of Domesday (ARR).
20,76	BRICTWULF. See 20,75 Brictwulf note (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] APPROPRIATED IT. See 3,8 after note, and 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1897 (JP).
20,77	WHOM ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ANNEXED. See 90,64 where Engelric is said to have also held an annexation of 30 acres at Bendysh [Hall] (ARR).
		See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1898 (JP).
20,79	ADELULF [* OF MARCK *]. See 20,13 Adelulf note (JP).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... ANNEXED HIM. See 20,1 Engelric note; and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1899 (JP).
20,80	30 ACRES ... APPROPRIATED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1900 (JP).
21	THE WHOLE OF THIS FIEF is entered on a half-sheet in the manuscript (folio 35) (ARR).
	COUNT ALAN. Of Brittany, son-in-law of King William. His name is Old Breton Alan (ARR).
21,2	HERVEY [* OF 'SPAIN' *]. The name Hervey occurs in Essex only as a tenant of Count Alan of Brittany, the bulk of whose fief he held. There can be little doubt that all these Herveys are the same individual, named Hervey of 'Spain' in 21,9. According to Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 254-55, he was probably from Epinay (in the French département of Ille-et-Vilaine: arrondissement Rennes) (JP).
	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
21,3	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
	AMONG MEADOW AND MARSH. Translating int[er] p[ra]tu[m] 7 maresc (ARR).
21,4	HERVEY [* OF 'SPAIN' *]. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP).
	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
	FINCHINGFIELD. The manor of Spain's Hall there; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 427 (ARR).
21,5	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
21,9	HERVEY OF 'SPAIN'. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP).
	EARL R[ALPH]. Of East Anglia. Called Ralph 'Wader' in Cambridgeshire (CAM 19,4). With Earl Waltheof (see 55,1 Waltheof note) and Earl Roger of Hereford, he rebelled against King William in 1075 and ended his life in exile. The byname 'Wader', Domesday Book Waders, may be a place-name; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 119 (ARR).
	THIS LAND. han is a Little Domesday error for hanc (ARR).
21,10	HERVEY OF 'SPAIN' ALSO HOLDS. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP).
	EMANUEL [WOOD]. Between 1089 and 1093 this was granted by Count Alan to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds, Early Charters of Essex, p. 43 no. 104 (ARR).
21,11	HE ALSO ^[HERVEY OF 'SPAIN']^ HOLDS. See 21,2 Hervey note (JP).
	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
21,12	EDEVA [* THE FAIR *]. See 1,30 Edeva note (ARR).
	HERVEY [* OF 'SPAIN' *]. Herueu[us] is a Little Domesday error for Herue[us] (ARR).
		See also 21,2 Hervey note (JP).
22	WILLIAM OF WARENNE. Later created Earl of Surrey by King William II (ARR).
22,1	"UPHAM". Unidentified, Old English up-hâm, or up-hamm, 'upper estate' or 'upper enclosure' (ARR).
22,2	SWETING <OF TILBURY>. The name Sweting is rare, occurring on only a handful of scattered and (with one exception) tiny holdings, without tenurial or other associations with each other. It is probable that all of them were held by different individuals (JP).
22,3	[* AELMER *] HOLDFAST. Probably identical with Aelmer Holdfast, see 61,2 Aelmer note (ARR).
	TO THIS MANOR WAS ADDED 1 VIRGATE. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1901 (JP).
22,4	ALWIN GOTTON. The rest of his land had lain in Hertfordshire. On his byname, probably deriving from a lost place in that county, see HRT 10,6 Alwin note (ARR).
22,5	DOVE. Little Domesday Duua. Either Old English (hypothetical) dûfe or Old Norse dúfa 'a dove'; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 227, Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, p. 116 (ARR).
	EASTON. The manor of Blamsters [in Great Easton] there, according to VCH Essex, i. p. 474, note 3 (ARR).
22,6	MEN HELD. Little Domesday tenuit has been corrected to tenuerunt, but rather untidily (ARR).
	THEN 1 PRIEST. In the manuscript the p of p[res]b[ite]r has been altered from b (ARR).
	VILLAGERS. In Little Domesday the number of villagers 'then' has been altered from 7 to 9 and that 'now' from 9 to 7 (ARR).
22,7	W[ILLIAM] OF VATTEVILLE. Either Vatteville-la-Rue (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen), or Vatteville (in the French département of Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys); see Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 482; Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 120. Compare Robert in 23,41 (ARR).
	THE ABBOT OF ELY HELD. See 10,2 Roding note. Compare Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 184) (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1902 (JP).
22,8	NOW ... 3 ½ HIDES. See 22,8 hide note (ARR).
	THE HIDE ... ADDED TO THIS MANOR. See 10,2 and Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 126), Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 184) (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1903 (JP).
22,9	WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday Guib[er]t[us] is probably in error for Gulb[er]t[us] a Romance form for Old German Wulfbert; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 418; compare Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 259. See also 22,12 Wulfbert note (ARR).
		Wulfbert is an uncommon name, occurring on fewer than twenty holdings in Domesday Book, so it is improbable that William of Warenne had more than one tenant of this name. Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 239, identifies him as a Norman from Croix-Mare (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen, [canton Pavilly]) (JP).
	DUNMOW. The manor of Southall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 474, note 8 (ARR).
22,10	SIGEMOND. Old German Sigemund, with Romance o derived from u; compare Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 225 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, Sigmund, appears in WOR 2,78. 19,6 and WAR 22,24, all T.R.E. landholders. A further form, Sigmundr, appears in LIN 61,4;7 as a T.R.W. landholder, but there are no obvious tenurial or geographical links between the two holdings, suggesting that Sigemond was a separate individual (NH).
22,11	HALSTEAD. The manor of Hipworth Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 475, note 2 (ARR).
22,12	[STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Moyns there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 475, note 4 (ARR).
	WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday Gulb[er]t[us, see 22,9 Wulfbert note (ARR).
22,13	HUNT'S HALL. Formerly 'Pooley': Place-Names of Essex, p. 450 (ARR).
	GLADIOU. It is uncertain whether the person named was a man or a woman. If a woman, the form Gladiou might be from hypothetical Glaedgeofa a variant of Old English hypothetical Glaedgifu. If a man, the final element of the name has been obscured but could possibly have been originally -uin from -wine, and thus the full name might be hypothetical Glaedwine; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 261-62 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	SLAVES, NOW 5. null[us], 'none', deleted before '5'. Thus in the manuscript, but not shown in Ordnance Survey facsimile (ARR).
	[THEN]. Little Domesday omits Tunc (ARR).
	WILLIAM CLAIMS ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1904 (JP).
22,14	WILLIAM HOLDS ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1905 (JP).
	WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday Wlb[er]t[us]. See 22,9 Wulfbert note (ARR).
	VALUE ...[***]s. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
22,15	AS 3 MANORS. See 5,7 manors note (NH).
	WILLIAM [HOLDS IT] ... BY HIS EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1906 (JP).
	WULFBERT <OF DUNMOW>. Little Domesday Wlb[er]t[us]. See 22,9 Wulfbert note (ARR).
22,16	GODRIC SKIPPER. Little Domesday scipri, probably an Anglicized form of Old West Scandinavian skipari 'sailor'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 267 (ARR).
22,18	GODRIC POINC. Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 328-29 derives the byname from Old French poign(e) 'fist'; since his first name is Old English, this would appear to be an Englishman with a French byname and the French word might be a translation of an English byname such as Hand or Fyst (ARR).
22,19	WENDENS. Little Wendon in Wendens Ambo; see VCH Essex, i. p. 476 (ARR).
	THIS IS BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1907 (JP).
22,20	CHARDWELL. Formerly 'Ainsworth'; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 517; VCH Essex, i. p. 476, note 2 (ARR).
	THEN 4. T[un]c has been altered in the manuscript from 7c, with a nunnation mark over the c (ARR).
	THEN [***] SMALLHOLDERS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
22,21	CHISHILL. The manor of Tewes or Lisles in Great Chishill; see VCH Essex, i. p. 476, note 4 (ARR).
	WILLIAM HAS IT BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 288 no. 1908 (JP).
22,22	PAGLESHAM. The manors of East Hall and South Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 476, note 6 (ARR).
	SLAVES, NOW 3. In the manuscript iii was originally written at the end of the same line as m[odo], but was then erased and transferred to the following line (ARR).
22,23	[VALUE]. Little Domesday omits valuit (ARR).
	EXCHANGE IN NORMANDY. That is, in exchange for land in Normandy (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 288-89 no. 1909 (JP).
22,24	SAME EXCHANGE. That mentioned in 22,23 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1910 (JP).
	OF THE KING'S JURISDICTION. Translating e[st] de socna regis (ARR).
23	RICHARD, SON OF COUNT GILBERT. Tonbridge and Clare are the names of his important residences in Kent and Suffolk. For his annexations in Essex, see 90,49-78. For the origin and distribution of his Holding, see Mortimer, 'Honour of Clare', pp. 119-41 (ARR).
		He is also called Richard of Tonbridge on some two dozen occasions in circuit 1, eighteen times in Kent (KEN 2,4;9-10;28-29, etc), five in Surrey (SUR 1,6;13, etc), and once in Hampshire (HAM 1,8). In Suffolk he is twice named Richard of Clare (SUF 67,1. 76,7) (JP).
23,1	TOTI <OF WALLBURY>. The name Toti occurs on eight holdings, probably representing six individuals. The modest holding of Toti of Wallbury is unlikely to be connected with any other men named Toti, all of whose properties devolved upon other tenants-in-chief and all of whom were remote (JP).
	MEADOW. Little Domesday ap[ra]ti is in error for p[ra]ti (ARR).
23,2	WIHTGAR. Richard's predecessor in most of his East Anglian estates, see Mortimer, 'Honour of Clare', pp. 128-29 (ARR).
	16 PLOUGHS ... RESTORED. That is, the difference in number between the former 34 men's ploughs and the present 18 (ARR).
	AS ... FRENCH AND ENGLISH SAY. A reference to the hundred jury. Farley dic' is in error for dic't of the manuscript and Ordnance Survey facsimile (ARR).
	EACH YEAR ... DEFICIENT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1911 (JP).
	WARNER. Probably he of 90,77 (ARR).
	7 ½ ACRES ... ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1911 (JP).
23,3	WIHTGAR. See 23,2 Wihtgar note (JP).
	VITALIS ... LAYS CLAIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1912 (JP).
23,4	W[ILLIAM] PECHE. See 35,6 William note (ARR).
	LEODMER THE PRIEST. Head of the collegiate church at Clare, Suffolk, founded c. 1045 by Aelfric the father of Richard's predecessor Wihtgar; see VCH Essex, i. p. 348 (ARR).
23,5	ELINANT. The name is Old German; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 66-67 (ARR).
23,6	2 PLOUGHS ... RESTORED. That is, to the lordship (ARR).
23,7	YELDHAM. For Richard's annexation at Yeldham, see 90,54 (ARR).
	GOISMER. Probably he of 90,49. The name is Old German Gausmar see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 127 (ARR).
23,9	FINCHINGFIELD. For Richard's annexation here, also held from him by Arnold, see 90,50 (ARR).
23,10	'BINSLEY'. Lost, in Bulmer: Place Names of Essex, p. 418. See 35,6 'Thunderlow' note (ARR).
	WIDELARD. Little Domesday Wielardus is a Norman French form of Old German Widelardus; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 253-54. Probably he of 23,42 and 90,52;75 (ARR).
23,11	ALDERFORD. Compare Aelfric of Alderford, associated with an annexation by Richard in 90,49 (ARR).
	12 [PIGS]. Little Domesday omits porc[i] (ARR).
23,13	4 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript, iiii has been altered from iii (ARR).
	3 SLAVES. This is a Farley error of iii for the iiii of the manuscript (ARR).
23,14	BULMER. Later the manor of Butler's Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 479, note 1 (ARR).
	MASCEREL. Little Domesday Mascerel here, Mascherell[us] at 90,58. Apparently an Old French byname from the verb mascher, 'to mix, chew up, grind, mash'; perhaps related to Modern English mash-roll, mash-rule, 'a paddle or staff used by a brewer for stirring and mixing his mash: Oxford English Dictionary (ARR).
23,15	HOWE. In Finchingfield. Little Domesday Weninchou; so identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 479 note 2 and Domesday Gazetteer, although Place-Names of Essex, p. 427 is less certain. For Richard's annexation here, held from him by Germund, see 90,53 (ARR).
23,16	BURES. An Essex hamlet of Bures St Mary (Suffolk); see Place-Names of Essex, p. 420; VCH Essex, i. pp. 408, 479 note 4. Compare 23,29 and 40,5 (ARR).
23,18	PEBMARSH. For Richard's annexation here, see 90,59 (ARR).
23,19	ALPHAMSTONE. For Richard's annexation here, see 90,60 (ARR).
	5 ACRES. In the manuscript xv has been altered by deletion to v; the Ordnance Survey facsimile has xv (ARR).
23,21	[STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. See 90,61 for Richard's annexation here (ARR).
23,23	COUPALS FARM. Formerly Chelveston; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 462 (ARR).
23,24	TWINSTEAD. Little Domesday Tumesteda is in error for Tuinesteda. Compare Bumesteda, 3 lines above, which may have caused the error (ARR).
23,25	"CHENEBOLTUNA". Unidentified, Old English Cynebeald-tûn: 'Cynebeald's estate' (ARR).
23,26	HALSTEAD. For Richard's annexation there, see 90,74 (ARR).
23,27	SUDBURY. In Suffolk (SUF 1,97) (ARR).
	THE WHOLE. That is, 23,16-27 (ARR).
23,28	COLSEGE. Little Domesday Colsege; possibly a corrupt form of Colswegen deriving from Old Norse Kol(l)sveinn; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 218 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	VALUE THEN 40s. The tironian nota in Little Domesday after T[un]c is otiose (ARR).
	45 ACRES WERE ADDED. See 1,13 (ARR).
		See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1913 (JP).
	RICHARD ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1913 (JP).
23,29	BURES. An Essex hamlet of Bures St Mary (Suffolk); see VCH Essex, i. p. 480, note 4 (ARR).
23,30	[HUNDRED OF ONGAR]. Little Domesday omits the hundred rubric in error (ARR).
	['MORRELL'] RODING. A detached part of Ongar Hundred, now lost, in White Roding; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 494-95. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 480, note 5 (ARR).
	SO FREE ... PREDECESSOR. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1914.
23,31	[LITTLE] BENTLEY. Little Domesday Menetleam is a sport form; one would have expected Benetleam; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 328 (ARR).
23,32	[LITTLE] BROMLEY. The manor of Braham Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 480, note 7 (ARR).
	R[OGER]. Compare 23,31 (ARR).
23,33	HE ALSO HOLDS. Ide[m] is taken here to refer to Algar; alternatively it could perhaps refer to R[oger] of 23,32 (ARR).
	KING'S JURISDICTION ... LAWFORD. Compare 1,27 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1915 (JP).
23,34	COLNE. According to VCH Essex, i. p. 481, note 1, this was probably Berwick Hall in White Colne. For Richard's annexations there, see 90,68;71 (ARR).
	WHO HOLD. tenentes at the foot of folio 40b is deleted thus in the manuscript (ARR).
23,35	FORDHAM. Farley Sordeha[m] is in error for fordeha[m] of the manuscript (ARR).
		For Richard's annexation there, see 90,72 (ARR).
23,36	[WEST] BERGHOLT. For Richard's annexations there, see 90,70;73 (ARR).
23,37	"WITESUUORDA". Unidentified, perhaps Old English Wihtesweorth: 'Wiht's enclosure' (ARR).
	COULD NOT. Little Domesday potat is in error for poterat (ARR).
23,38	WALTER TIREL. Little Domesday Wal' t'irelde. R standing for Walt[erus] tirel de. R[icardo] with an erroneous repetition of the abbreviation-mark above t and a wrong word-division of tirel and de. For the byname Tirel, perhaps from Old French tirer 'to draw', see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 226; Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 350. Walter was the son-in-law of Richard and the slayer of King William Rufus in 1100; Poole, From Domesday Book to Magna Carta, pp. 113-14 (ARR).
	FINN THE DANE. On him, see Mortimer, 'Honour of Clare', pp. 128-29. For his wife, see ESS 84 (ARR).
23,39	[MEN'S] PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits hominum, as in 23,41 (ARR).
23,41	VATTEVILLE. See 22,7 Vatteville note (ARR).
	[MEN'S] PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits hominum, as in 23,39 (ARR).
23,42	BARDFIELD. Possibly Bardfield Saling; compare VCH Essex, i. p. 481, note 8 (ARR).
	WIDELARD. See 23,10 Widelard note (ARR).
	DID NOT PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1916 (JP).
24	SWEIN OF ESSEX. Sheriff of Essex at a date between 1066 and 1086 in succession to his father Robert son of Wiuhomarch and before Ralph Baynard (ESS 33); see VCH Essex, i. pp. 345-46. For Swein's newly-built castle, see 24,17. For an annexation by him, see 90,35 (ARR).
24,1	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. Formerly sheriff of Essex, see ESS 24 Swein note (ARR).
		See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 334-36, whose list naturally excludes holdings Robert acquired after 1066 but is also incomplete for 1066 (JP).
	KING WILLIAM GAVE IT TO ROBERT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1917 (JP).
24,1	WOODLAND ... HIDES. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).
24,2	WOODLAND ... HIDES. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).
24,3	WOODLAND ... HIDES. See 18,2 woodland note (ARR).
24,4	ALWYNN. Little Domesday Aluuen; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 160-61 under Al-wynn, a late Old English form of Aelfwynn or of Aethelwynn (ARR).
	ROBERT SON OF WIUHOMARCH. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	IT IS NOT KNOWN HOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 289 no. 1918.
	1 HIDE THERE. Little Domesday has i.bi in error for ibi (ARR).
24,5	HORNDON [-ON-THE-HILL]. The manor of Wythefeld there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 482, note 14; Wyfields, according to Place-Names of Essex, p. 157 (ARR).
	SWEIN TOOK IT AWAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 289-90 no. 1919 (JP).
24,6	THOROLD [* SON OF ODO *]. He was possibly son of Odo and brother of William son of Odo, both tenants of Swein in 1086; he also held land in Huntingdonshire from Swein (HUN 16,1); see Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 432.
	AS A MANOR ... 15 ACRES. The order of the Latin is 'for 1 hide as a manor and 15 acres' (ARR).
24,7	THOROLD [* SON OF ODO *]. See 24,6 Thorold note.
	AS A MANOR ... 15 ACRES. The order of the Latin is 'for 1 hide as a manor and 15 acres' (ARR).
24,8	GODITH, A FREE MAN. Here, as on other occasions, Domesday uses the term liber homo to describe status irrespective of gender. Little Domesday God& stands for Godet from Old English Godgyth; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 264 (ARR).
24,9	15 ACRES WHICH SWEIN ADDED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1920 (JP).
	ALSO ADDED 3 FREE MEN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1920 (JP).
24,10	IN THE MANUSCRIPT on folio 43a line of writing has been erased above the present first line ('as one manor ... now 4') (ARR).
	GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. See 25,5 Godwin note (JP).
	2 SMALLHOLDERS. Manuscript ii, so in Farley but the ink has blotted on the second minim (ARR).
24,11	BEFORE 1066. Farley has t'.r.E., interpreting an unusually large e in the manuscript as a capital. Its irregularity was in fact caused by its having been altered from V, probably the first two strokes of initial W of Will[elm]i (ARR).
24,13	NOW 1; 1. Farley has substituted the tironian nota for the ampersand of the manuscript (ARR).
24,14	WHEATLEY. In Rayleigh, Place-Names of Essex, p. 195. Swein gave land at Wheatley to St Paul's before his death c. 1087, see Early Charters of Essex, p. 41 no. 99 (ARR).
24,16	3 COBS AND 1 COB. So in the manuscript (ARR).
24,17	CASTLE. For a brief description and plan of Rayleigh Castle, see VCH Essex, i. pp. 299-300 (ARR).
24,18	WHO ... HAD. Little Domesday hntes, omitting the abbreviation-mark from h (ARR).
24,20	HIS FATHER. Robert son of Wiuhomarch (ARR).
		See 24,1 Robert note (JP).
	NOW 2 COBS. In the manuscript a letter (?c) has been erased before runc[ini] (ARR).
24,22	PRITTLEWELL. The manor of Prior's Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 485, note 3 (ARR).
	PASTURE, 12 PIGS. Past[ura] here is an error in Little Domesday for Silua (ARR).
	2 MEN ADDED 30 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1921 (JP).
	GRAPINEL. Apparently a byname derived from Old French grapon, 'grapnel; grappling hook' (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
24,23	SHOEBURY. Probably the manor of South Shoebury; see VCH Essex, i. p. 485, note 8 (ARR).
24,24	THEN 3 COBS. iii in Farley is an error for iiii of the manuscript (ARR).
24,26	160 SHEEP ... 23 SHEEP. So in the manuscript (ARR).
24,27	WICARD. Domesday Book Wiard[us] from Old German Wichard; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 252-53. Compare 24,56 Wicard note (ARR).
	[GREAT] STAMBRIDGE. The manor of Barton Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 486, note 3 (ARR).
24,28	SHOEBURY. Probably the manor of North Shoebury; compare VCH Essex, i. p. 485, note 8 (ARR).
24,30	ASCELIN. Old French Ascelin, from Old German Azelin; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 38-39 (ARR).
	50 PIGS. Farley, in error, has .& .L. is a Farley error for .x.l. of the manuscript, the number of pigs should thus be 40 (ARR).
24,32	ASCELIN. See 24,30 Ascelin note.
24,35	AELFGYTH. Little Domesday Aluid; probably from Old English Aelfgyth; compare von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 174 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. Related forms include Aelfeth (BRK 1,8. 61,2. 65,17); Aelfeth, a girl (BKM 19,3); Aelfgyth (SUF 54,2) and a possible further form, Alfgeat, a woman in SOM 24,8. Aelfgyth and Alfgeat only appear as T.R.E. landholders but this entry records that Aelfgyth was holding in 1086 (NH).
24,36	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
24,37	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
24,38	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
24,39	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
24,41a	SAID HUNDRED. That of Rochford, see rubric before 24,17 (ARR).
	100S FROM PLEAS. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1922 (JP).
24,43	WARNER HOLDS. Compare 24,55, another entry concerning a holding here, with several identical statistics, suggesting the division of an earlier unit into equal parts (ARR).
	ASHELDHAM. Little Domesday Hainctuna[m]. Identified by VCH Essex, i. pp. 392-93. See also 24,55 and Place-Names of Essex, p. 20 (ARR).
	THEN NOTHING. That is, no livestock (ARR).
	NOW 3 CATTLE. iiii altered by erasure to iii in the manuscript (ARR).
	AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF KING WILLIAM. See 1,27 king note (JP).
24,46	HALLINGBURY. Little Domesday Halingebiam, omitting the abbreviation-mark on b (ARR).
24,48	7 ACRES WERE ADDED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1923 (JP).
	AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF KING WILLIAM. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	NOW 5 CATTLE. The first letter of anim[alia)] has been altered (?from v) in the manuscript (ARR).
24,49	[MEN'S] PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits hominum here as elsewhere; see 23,39;41 (ARR).
24,51	ABBERTON. The manor of Badcocks there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 489, note 1 (ARR).
24,52	HALF-HUNDRED ... IS SWEIN'S. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1924 (JP).
24,53	1 PLOUGH ... RESTORED. This statement perhaps suggests that the figures for the lordship ploughs (then and later 4, now 5) have been reversed in error; or alternatively, that they have been misconstrued (ARR).
24,54	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
24,55	RALPH HOLDS. See 24,43 holds note (ARR).
	ASHELDHAM. Little Domesday Haintuna[m]. See 24,43 Asheldham note (ARR).
	AFTER THE ARRIVAL OF KING WILLIAM. See 1,27 king note (JP).
24,56	WICARD. Little Domesday Wicard[us], from the same name as in 24,27; see 24,27 Wicard note (ARR).
24,57	R[OBERT] [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. As 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	NAYLAND. The Essex part of the estate of Nayland (Suffolk), now represented by Great and Little Horkesley; see VCH Essex, i. pp. 408, 489, note 11 (ARR).
	4 [PLOUGHS]. Little Domesday omits caruce (ARR).
24,59	OF THESE 5 HIDES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1925 (JP).
	10 FREE MEN. The Ordnance Survey facsimile adds an otiose abbreviation-mark to the ascender of b in hominib[us].
	AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	WERE NO SMALLHOLDERS. Literally, 'was no smallholder', null[us] bordari[us] erat (ARR).
24,60	GIFT OF KING WILLIAM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1926 (JP).
	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
24,61	WARLEY. The manor of Franks in Great Warley; see VCH Essex, i. p. 490, note 8; Place-Names of Essex, p. 134 (ARR).
	17 PIGS. Farley omits the abbreviation-mark above c of porc[i] (ARR).
	VALUE THEN £4. Farley does not show the gap in the manuscript, caused by a repair, between ual[uit] and .iiii. See also 24,66 smallholders note (ARR).
24,62	KENNINGTONS. In Aveley; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 122. According to VCH Essex, i. p. 490, note 10, it was later known as the manor of Bretts (ARR).
	WULFSTAN. Little Domesday Vstan[us] is probably a palaeographical error for Vlstan[us], due to confusion between l and Caroline minuscule s (ARR).
24,63	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	MALDON. Probably the manor of Southouse and Sayers there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 491, note 1 (ARR).
	GUNNAR <OF MALDON>. The name Gunnar occurs on almost twenty holdings in Domesday Book, distributed between Cornwall and Yorkshire and acquired by or held from eleven tenants-in-chief. The two holdings Essex lay within five miles of each other and devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief who is unlikely to have had two predecessors with the same uncommon name. See also Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 241 (JP).
	THE KING ... DUES. See 1,25 land note (ARR).
	HE AIDS. That is, Gunner aids (ARR).
	HORSE ... SHIP. This obligation is not mentioned in the other entries concerning Maldon. A ship levy was imposed in 1008 at the rate of one ship per 310 hides. For the 1008 levy and earlier references to ships owed to the king, see Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, pp. 266-67 (ARR).
24,64	ROBERT. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	ELMSTEAD. For a house in Colchester belonging to Elmstead, see B3m (ARR).
24,65	ODARD <OF FOULTON>. The Romance form of Old German Authart; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 194 (ARR).
		The name Odard occurs as holder of one fief and eight other estates in Domesday Book, probably representing six individuals. The modest Essex holding has no tenurial or other links with other Odard holdings, either before or after the Conquest, and is some 50 miles distant from the nearest of these, in Suffolk. This was probably the sole property of Odard of Foulton (JP).
	LESS 10 ACRES. x has been altered from 7 in the manuscript (ARR).
	WHEN THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	WAS OUTLAWED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1927 (JP).
	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	ACQUIRED NOTHING. That is, no livestock (ARR).
24,66	ROBERT [* SON OF WIUHOMARCH *]. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	AFTER THE KING CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	4 SMALLHOLDERS THERE. Farley does not show the gap in the manuscript between s[un]t and .iiii. caused by the reverse of the repair at 24,61 (ARR).
24,67	GUNNAR <OF MALDON>. See 24,63 Gunnar note (JP).
25	EUDO THE STEWARD. The king's steward, called Eudo son of Hubert in Cambridgeshire (CAM 25) and Hertfordshire (HRT 31) (ARR).
25,1	RICHARD [*OF SACKVILLE*]. Of Sackville, compare 20,8 (Rivenhall) whence the ½ mill was acquired; VCH Essex, i. p. 379 (ARR).
25,2	GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. See 25,5 Godwin note (JP).
	75 [SHEEP]. Little Domesday omits oues (ARR).
	LEOFSI. Little Domesday Lefsi[us]. VCH Essex, i. p. 492, note 3, suggests that this is a bad spelling for Lisois[us], that is Lisois of Moutiers, who is mentioned in 25,5 (ARR).
		See also 25,5 Lisois note (JP).
	50 ACRES .. WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1928 (JP).
25,3	FOR THIS ENTRY, see also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 130), Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 187); and below 30,41 (ARR).
	['MORRELL'] RODING. Tentatively identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 492, note 4. See above 23,30 Roding note (ARR).
	SAEMER. Also at 30,41 (ARR).
	45 ACRES. See 28,8 acres note (ARR).
	NOW £6. Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 130) (?in error), has: £5 (ARR).
	ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 290 no. 1929 (JP).
25,4	1 COB ... VALUE. Little Domesday may have omitted some livestock here (ARR).
	WORTH THAT MUCH. Presumably £6 (ARR).
25,5	GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. Godwin, a royal thane of regional standing, was the predecessor of Eudo the steward on his three most valuable manors in Essex and Suffolk, and probably also of Swein of Essex at Wickford (24,10), another valuable (£16) holding. The name Godwin is so common that he probably held other manors which cannot be identified, the most likely being Ridgewell (£18) in Essex (20,23). That Godwin is described simply as a free man, not a royal thane; but the scribe's usage was not consistent. See also Clarke, English Nobility, p. 311, whose list does not include ESS 24,10 (JP).
	LISOIS [*OF MOUTIERS*]. Of Moutiers, probably Moutiers-Hubert (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 102). See also 25,2 Leofsi note (ARR).
		The name Lisois occurs ten times in Domesday Book, in every case as that of the predecessor of Eudo the steward, so there is little doubt that all refer to the same individual: BDF 21,13; CAM 25,9; NFK 24,1-4;6. 66,10; and SUF 28,2. In the Cambridgeshire entry he is named 'Lisois of Moutiers', and in NFK 66,100 is stated to be the predecessor of Eudo. His ten appearances are to give title to Eudo's tenure of those estates (JP).
	APPROPRIATED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 290-91 no. 1930 (JP).
	WAS OUTLAWED. Little Domesday utllagauit (ARR).
	250 [SHEEP]. Little Domesday omits oues (ARR).
	"WRINGEHALA". Unidentified, perhaps Old English hypothetical Wringehale, 'at the nook of land at the place with a bend', compare English Place-Name Elements, ii. under wreo, wrio (ARR).
25,6	WULFRIC CAVE. Little Domesday cassa is a scribal error for caffa; compare cauuâ (30,28). The byname is from Old English câf, 'quick, bold'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 343. Leofwin Cave occurs in Buckinghamshire (BUK 57,8) (ARR).
25,9	"LANDUNA". Unidentified, Old English (hypothetical) lang-dûne 'at the long upland' (ARR).
25,10	"ACLETA". Unidentified, Old English âc-hliðe, 'at the oak-hillside' (ARR).
	1 ½ [HIDES]. Little Domesday omits hidis (ARR).
25,11	THIS ENTRY is duplicated at 25,25 but there said to be in lordship (ARR).
	PIROT [PICOT OF CAMBRIDGE]. Little Domesday Pirot is almost certainly a palaeographical error for Picot, as in Cambridgeshire (CAM 25,1-2; see CAM 25,1 Pirot note) and Bedfordshire (BDF 21,14-15. 24,18;24). Picot was sheriff of Cambridge (ARR).
		Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 324-26, however, argues that the name-forms are distinct, as are the descent of their holdings (JP).
25,12	RICHARD [*SON OF COUNT GILBERT*]. Early Charters of Essex, p. 39 no. 91 [= Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 121, pp. 426-27], note, identifies him as Richard son of Count Gilbert (ESS 23) (ARR).
	2 FREEMEN HELD ... ABBOT OF ELY. The interest of the Abbey of Ely before 1066 implies an unstated claim. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1931 (JP).
	9 ACRES. See also 10,1 and Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, pp. 128-29), Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 187) (ARR).
25,15	TAKELEY. The manor of Colchester Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 494, note 3 (ARR).
25,16	G[EOFFREY] DE MANDEVILLE LAYS CLAIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1932 (JP).
25,19	[ABBESS] RODING. For the identification, see VCH Essex, i. p. 492, note 4 (ARR).
25,20	CHURCH OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See also 10,3 and Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 126); Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 187) (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1933 (JP).
25,22	GODWIN <OF MUNDEN>. See 25,5 Godwin note (JP).
25,23	THEN [***] COBS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
25,24	AELFRIC WAND. The byname is from Old English wand ('mole'); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 367 (ARR).
25,25	EUDO ... LORDSHIP; FOR 3 ½ HIDES. Deleted thus in the manuscript. Farley omits a large marginal cross which occurs in the manuscript at this point and which may be a contemporary indication of the duplication of text with that of 25,11 above. Compare 30,50 manuscript note (ARR).
25,26	AELFRIC WAND. Little Domesday uuants is an Anglo-Norman form of the byname discussed in 25,24 Aefric note (ARR).
26	ROGER OF AUBERVILLE. Possibly from Auberville-la-Renault (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Le Havre [canton, Goderville]) according to Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 104-105 (ARR).
		More probably from Auberville (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux, [canton Dozulé]) according to Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 405 (JP).
26,1	ONE OF THESE MANORS. unu[m] maneriu[m] ex istis; Little Domesday treats each of the 2 freemen's property as a separate manor here, although at the beginning of the entry it refers to only one manor (ARR).
		See also 5,7 manors note (NH).
26,2	THEN [*** PLOUGHS]. Little Domesday omits caruce and the numeral (ARR).
	WHO HAVE 1 PLOUGH. h[abe]ntes i. car[ucam] is probably to be taken to refer to all the population rather than just the 3 slaves (ARR).
26,3	BY HIS EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1934 (JP).
26,4	WULFA. Another Wulfa appears as a thane in SOM 19,68 with his brother, Aelfric. An alternate name form, Ulfr, is reasonably common in the Lincolnshire and Yorkshire areas, but this is the only record of the name in Little Domesday, suggesting a separate individual (JP).
	BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1935 (JP).
26,5	CHISHILL. Probably the manor of 'Lisles' in Great Chishill; see VCH Essex, i. p. 496, note 11. For Roger's annexation there, see 90,86 (ARR).
27	HUGH DE MONTFORT. He came from Montfort-sur-Risle (in the French département of Eure: arrondissement Bernay); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 100-101. See 90,15-18 for his annexations (ARR).
27,1	RAMSDEN. This entry is said by VCH Essex, i. p. 497, note 1, to refer to Downham, adjacent to Ramsden Bellhouse and Crays (ARR).
27,2	KELVEDON. The manor there later known as Felix Hall; see VCH Essex, i. p. 497, note 2 (ARR).
	GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).
27,3	HAVERING [-ATTE-BOWER]. See 1,4 (ARR).
	NOW IT DOES NOT PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1936 (JP).
27,4	GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).
27,5	GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).
27,6	ACQUIRED AS 2 MANORS. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1937. See also 5,7 manors note (NH).
27,7	VALUE OF THE WHOLE OF THE ABOVE. That is, of 27,1-7 (ARR).
27,8	"HALESDUNA". Unidentified; from Old English Haegelesdūn, 'Haegel's upland'; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 215, under Hazeleigh (ARR).
27,9	'STUDLY'. As 1,6 'Studly' note (ARR).
	WHICH ... HELD. tenuit is a Farley error for tenent of the manuscript (ARR).
	[THEN] 1 ½ PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits Tunc (ARR).
27,11	ALCHERE <OF RAYNE>. The name Alchere occurs fifteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing four individuals. The Essex holding, remote from those in Devon, Shropshire and the north midlands and without tenurial associations with any of them, is likely to have been the only holding of this individual (JP).
27,12	HUNDRED OF 'WIBRIHTESHERNE'. Farley Witbrictesherna is in error for Wibrictesherna of the manuscript (ARR).
	ST PETER'S CHAPEL. This entry is said by VCH Essex, i. p. 499, note 1, to refer to the manor of Battails in Bradwell-on-Sea; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 211, under Buckles Grove (ARR).
27,13	GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. See 27,14 Guthmund note (JP).
27,14	FOR THIS ENTRY, see also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 129); Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 186) (ARR).
	'BENSTED'. 'Bensted Green' (lost) in Sandon; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 266-67. Compare VCH Essex, i. pp. 389-90 (ARR).
	GUTHMUND [* OF NACTON *]. Little Domesday: Gudmund[us]; Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 129): Godmundus. He was the brother of Abbot Wulfric of Ely, through whom, in order to make a good marriage, he obtained leases on several estates in East Anglia (including 'Bensted') belonging to the monks. After 1066 Hugh de Montfort took possession of Guthmund's holding, including the Ely lands, in Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk. See Liber Eliensis, pp. 166-67, 424-25. Compare 27,2;4-5;11;13 (ARR).
		Apart from the lands acquired by Hugh de Montfort, Guthmund is also identified as Hugh's predecessor in two other estates in Suffolk (SUF 29,1. 41,11), and he was probably the Guthmund who held the reasonably substantial manor of Tollesbury (20,62), circled by the other Guthmund estates in neighbouring hundreds. The only Guthmund in Essex or East Anglia who was apparently not the brother of Abbot Wulfric was the post-Conquest tenant of Braxted (28,5). See also Clarke, English Nobility, p. 312-14, whose list does include Tollesbury but not NFK 23,16 (JP).
	MONKS OF ELY LAY CLAIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1938 (JP).
27,15	QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).
	DOES NOT KNOW HOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1939 (JP).
27,16	48 GOATS. Little Domesday cap[re] may be in error for oves, 'sheep' here, since the following category is also goats (ARR).
27,17	HAGER. Old German Hager, Hagero; see Förstemann, Personennamen, p. 717. Farley has modernised the word-division from posthagra of the manuscript (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	ACQUIRED 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1940 (JP).
	DELIVERER. Someone with the authority or right to transfer possession (ARR).
27,18	HUMPHREY HOLDS TOLLESHUNT. He is probably the Humphrey of 34,36 (ARR).
28	HAMO THE STEWARD. For his annexations, see 90,31-33 (ARR).
28,1	"ATELEIA". Unidentified, Old English atan-leage, 'at the clearing where oats are grown'.
	GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. Probably he of 13,1, in the same hundred (ARR).
		See also 28,11 Goti note (JP).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
28,3	30 ACRES. See 20,6 (ARR).
28,5	GUTHMUND <OF BRAXTED>. Although Guthmund is a common name, all references to Guthmund in Essex and East Anglia except this one appear to refer to one individual: see 27,14 Guthmund note. He is unlikely to be the tenant at Braxted who appears to have had no other holdings (JP).
	[GREAT] BRAXTED. Westhall there, see VCH Essex, i. p. 500, note 13; Place-Names of Essex, p. 284, under West Hall Wood (ARR).
28,6	HARLOW. herlaua altered from herulaua in the manuscript (ARR).
	RALPH [* OF MARCY *]. Of Marcy, see 1,3 Ralph note (ARR).
	RYES. In Hatfield Broad Oak, Place-Names of Essex, p. 41. See 1,3 note (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	HELD WITH ... HATFIELD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 291 no. 1941 (JP).
28,7	7 ½ WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 291-92 no. 1942 (JP).
28,8	RODING. The manor of Marks Hall in Margaret Roding; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 494; VCH Essex, i. p. 501, note 4 (ARR).
	WITHI. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book. For Withri, probably the same man, see NFK 9,87 Withri note (NH).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	45 ACRES. The difference between the 1 ½ hides of before 1066 and the 1 hide and 15 acres of 1086.
	WHICH HAIMO CLAIMS. Perhaps the same as the 45 acres mentioned in 25,3 at ['Morrell'] Roding (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1943 (JP).
28,9	WIGBOROUGH. See 90,31 for Hamo's annexation here (ARR).
	GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. See 28,11 Goti note (JP).
	BERNARD ... [* RALPH *] BAYNARD'S HOLDING. This hide of woodland may be the woodland for 200 pigs recorded in 33,23 at Tolleshunt, held in 1086 by Bernard from Ralph Baynard (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1944.
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *] ... HOLDS. Probably the ½ hide mentioned in 20,19 in Langenhoe (ARR).
		See 20,1 Engelric note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1944 (JP).
28,11	STAMBOURNE. Little Domesday Scanburne is in error for Stanburne. See 90,33 for Hamo's annexation here (ARR).
	GOTI <OF STAMBOURNE>. Goti is named in Domesday Book as a thane or Guard of Earl Harold holding substantial properties in Essex, Hertfordshire and Middlesex. In Suffolk, the thane of Earl Harold who held the valuable manor of Freckenham (SUF 20,1) has been identified as the same man, though erroneously named Orthi by the scribe: Fleming, Kings and Lords, p. 86, note 139. Of the remaining holdings, the valuable manor of Hutton (13,1) lay in the same hundred as one of Gotis holdings acquired by Haimo the steward; and another valuable manor, Nettlestead (SUF 3,56), had like Freckenham passed through the hands of Earl Ralph Wader. In view of these links and the rarity of the name Goti, it is likely both manors had belonged to Earl Harold's thane also. The two remaining holdings held by men named Goti in East Anglia, however, were low status properties less likely to have been his. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 308-309, whose list omits Nettlestead (JP).
	THIS LAND WAS IN 2 MANORS BEFORE 1066. See 5,7 manors note (NH).
28,12	NORTHEY ISLAND. For the identification, see VCH Essex, i. p. 502, note 5. This is the traditional site of the Battle of Maldon in 991. See 90,32 for Hamo's annexation here (ARR).
28,13	GODHILD. From Old German Gothild; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 264-65; Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 120. See 28,16 Godhild note (ARR).
28,14	NAVESTOCK. For the identification, see VCH Essex, i. p. 502, note 7 (ARR).
	GODHILD. See 28,13 Godhild note (ARR).
28,15	HAIMO STATES ... HIS HOLDING. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1945 (JP).
28,16	GODHILD. Probably the person (called Godith in 5,6) who gave ½ hide at Norton Mandeville to St Paul's after 1066. See also 28,13 Godhild note (ARR).
28,17	THORBERT. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
28,18	THORBERT. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
29	HENRY OF FERRERS. From Ferrières-Saint-Hilaire (in the French département of Eure, arrondissement Bernay) see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 88 (ARR).
29,2	60 PIGS. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript between Lx and .porc[i] (ARR).
29,3	STEEPLE. For Henry's annexation there, see 90,81 (ARR).
	BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. Bondi is named as the constable on the fiefs of William son of Ansculf (BUK 17,9), the Count of Mortain (BUK 12,29), and Henry of Ferrers (BUK 27,1), though named Boding the constable in Henry's case. This was certainly Bondi, however, since Henry succeeded him in four other counties and laid claim in a fifth as Bondi's successor (GLS 31,2). Apart from other the links through the Count of Mortain and William son of Ansculf, it is probable that the Bondi who held manors valued at over £10 was, in most if not all cases, the constable; and his status as a lord of men identifies him at Colemore in Hampshire (HAM 57,2), and probably on the adjacent holding at Empshott (HAM 62,1). Finally, the Bondi who preceded Countess Judith in several of her holdings in Northamptonshire may also have been the constable. There can be little doubt that the Countess had only one predecessor named Bondi, five of his seven holdings being centred on Earls Barton, held with full jurisdiction, the whole complex worth £16. Its status certainly befitted someone of the constable's status, and Earls Barton was just a couple of miles from his manor at Ecton, acquired by Henry of Ferrers. Some further, if slight support, for this identification is supplied by Orderic Vitalis, according to whom Earl Waltheof granted the manor of Barnack to Crowland Abbey, a gift later defeated by 'the malice of the Normans' (Ecclesiastical History, ed. Chibnall, ii. pp 344-45). Barnack was held in Domesday Book by William son of Ansculf, as noted above the constable's predecessor elsewhere. He may, therefore, have stepped into Waltheof's shoes in those cases, too, Waltheof being the first to succeed to those estates of the constable. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 266-67, whose list omits ESS 29,5. HAM 57,2. 62,1. IoW9,15. NTH 36,2. 56,15-18;37-38;53 (JP).
29,4	BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 29,3 Bondi note (JP).
29,5	HENRY'S STEWARD. The Henry, second Henry (BRK 21,15;17;19), and Henry the steward (BRK 21,18) who appear as tenants on the fief of Henry of Ferrers in Berkshire, Derbyshire (DBY 6,57;94) and Essex are almost certainly the same individual; for if Ferrers and his tenant are excluded, the name Henry occurs only half-a-dozen times in Domesday Book. In these circumstances, the probability of Ferrers having two tenants of this name are extremely slight. He was known as Henry of Fifhyde, presumably from his Berkshire manor of Fyfield (BRK 21,15): Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 255, who suggests he may have been related to Ferrers (JP).
	BUTTSBURY. Formerly one of the Essex names in Ginge or Inge; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 242-44 and 258-59 (ARR).
	BONDI [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 29,3 Bondi note (JP).
30	GEOFFREY DE MANDEVILLE. Ancestor of the de Mandevilles, earls of Essex. The place from which he was named has not been positively identified according to Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 96. For Geoffrey's annexations, see 90,20-28 (ARR).
		More recent authorities have identified Manneville (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe) as his place of origin; see Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 57; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 226-27. This is presumably Manneville-ès-Plaines in the commune of Saint-Valery-en-Caux (JP)
30,1	[MARKS] TEY. The modern name preserves that of the family descended from Adam de Merck, undertenants of the de Mandeville family; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 400 (ARR).
	CALLS HIMSELF THE DELIVERER. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1946 (JP).
30,2	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. The constable, Geoffrey de Mandeville's predecessor in a number of counties. On him, see Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, pp. 560-61 (under Esgar the staller); Ellis, General introduction to Domesday Book, ii. p. 43 (ARR).
		The name Esger occurs on over 130 holdings but may represent only six individuals. Of these, by far the most important was Esger the constable, predecessor of Geoffrey de Mandeville on the bulk of his holdings. So pronounced was the descent of Esger's holdings to Geoffrey that one way the Domesday scribe had of casting doubt on the legality of Geoffrey's tenure of any property was to state 'it was not of Esger's Holding' or words to that effect, as here or at SUF 32,1 and SUR 25,1;3. Where not explicitly identified as the constable, therefore, Geoffrey's succession to the holdings of an Esger, or frequently to those of his men, plausibly identifies Esger as the constable. On two other holdings where Esger is not explicitly identified as the constable, his man is identified elsewhere as a man of the constable (HRT 17,10. 33,13;18-19), or another of his men held land in the vill concerned (CAM 22,8. 32,16), making the identification more likely than not, particularly as no other Esger can be identified as a lord of other men. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 243-49, who omits holdings at CAM 32,11.
		ESS 90,28. NTH 45,8 and SUF 32,4-5 (JP).
	NOT [PART] OF ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]'S HOLDING. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1947 (JP).
	HE ... MAN. Leofday had been under the jurisdiction of Esger but did not hold this land from him. Nevertheless Geoffrey de Mandeville had taken it, as Esger's successor in many other places. Compare 30,3 Barking note (ARR).
30,3	GEOFFREY MARTEL. A Norman from Bacqueville-en-Caux (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe) and brother of Hugh son of Grip, the deceased sheriff of Dorset according to Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 230 (JP).
	BARKING ABBEY. Leofhild had been under Esger's jurisdiction but only held Abbess Roding as leasehold. Nevertheless, as in the case of ... (30,2), Geoffrey de Mandeville had seized it; see 30,2 man note (ARR).
	COULD NOT DISPOSE OF THAT LAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1948 (JP).
30,4	THOROLD. Geoffrey de Mandeville's steward; see Early Charters of Essex, pp. 39-40 no. 93 (ARR).
	OCKENDON. According to VCH Essex, i. p. 505, this is South Ockendon (ARR).
	BY EXCHANGE. See also 52,1 exchange note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1949 (JP).
30,5	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	20 BEEHIVES. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by the erasure in the manuscript of two letters (ac), between xx. and uasa (ARR).
	WALTER [HOLDS] 30 ACRES ... HUBERT 30 ACRES. This sentence repeats information already given above, 30 acres being equal to 1 virgate (ARR).
30,10	PLOUGHS IN LORDSHIP. Farley car[uce]. hom d[omi]nio stands for car[uce]. hoin d[omi]nio of the manuscript, where a correction has been made from 'men's ploughs' to 'ploughs in lordship' but incompletely since ho should have been erased (ARR).
30,11	LESS 5 ACRES. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript, before .v. (ARR).
	RICHARD GARNET. Little Domesday gernet, from Old French gernat, grenat 'garnet'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 369 (ARR).
30,13	MASHBURY. See 90,20 for Geoffrey's annexation here (ARR).
30,15	WERE FREE ... WHITHER THEY WOULD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 292 no. 1950 (JP).
30,16	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	GUARDS. Little Domesday huscarlo (Latin dative singular). The term huscarl in Domesday Book probably denoted a trained soldier. In Cambridgeshire (CAM 14,64) it is however also used as a byname (ARR).
	SKALPI. Little Domesday Scalpin[us]; Old Norse Skálpi, here with the Latin and Old French suffix -in(us); see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 365 and paragraph 148) but in Suffolk (SUF 16,35. 36,1-2;8;15) the same man is simply called Scalpi(us), Scalp(us), Scapi(us). The latter form also occurs at 32,40 (ARR).
	THEY HEARD [THEM] ACKNOWLEDGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 292-93 no. 1951 (JP).
	AFTER THE KING ^[WILLIAM]^ CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	YORK[SHIRE]. Little Domesday ebroica. The reference is probably to the northern rebellion against King William in 1069-1070, see Williams, 'Land and Power', pp. 178-79. Round (in VCH Essex, i. p. 507) quoted the erroneous Ordnance Survey facsimile spelling ehroica and identified it as Evreux (in France). Although Little Domesday ebroica is similar to later spellings for Evreux (Ebricae 1212, Ebroyce 1258) given by Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 87, it is less likely to be that place here, on historical grounds, than York[shire]. Also, the Little Domesday form is comparable to the French form Euroic for York, referred to in Wace's Brut, see Place-Names of the East Riding, p. 276, note 2. Compare 6,15 (Eurewic) (ARR).
30,17	BY HIS EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1952 (JP).
30,18	MOZE. See also SUF 32,7 (ARR).
	KING ^[WILLIAM]^ GAVE THIS MANOR. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1953 (JP).
	WHEN ... LONDON. Little Domesday q[ua]n[do] remansit Londoniae. It is unclear to whom this phrase refers, to King William or to Geoffrey (ARR).
30,19	RAINALM. Little Domesday Renelm[us] from Rainalm the Romance form of Old German Raginhelm; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 210. Compare 30,39 Rainalm note (ARR).
30,20	ARDLEIGH. The manor of Martells Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 508, note 3. For 2 houses in Colchester belonging to Ardleigh, see B31 (ARR).
	AS 2 MANORS. See 5,7 manors note (NH).
30,21	WHOM GEOFFREY ANNEXED FROM KING WILLIAM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1954 (JP).
	12 HIDES. According to VCH Essex, i. p. 374, these were at East Tilbury (ARR).
	RAVENGAR TOOK 12 ACRES. See 9,2 Ravengar note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1954 (JP).
	SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^ TOOK 30 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1954 (JP).
	TILBURY. See 24,3 (ARR).
30,22	NOTLEY. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 508 as Black Notley (ARR).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	CLAIMS ... THEM. That is, in relation to his ownership of them (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1955 (JP).
30,23	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	RICHARD ... 10 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1956 (JP).
30,24	[* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. Here (as in 30,31-32;35;43) 'Martel' may refer to Geoffrey Martel of 30,3: see 30,3 Martel note (ARR).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	HALLINGBURY. The manor of Monkbury in Little Hallingbury; see VCH Essex, i. p. 508, note 11; called Monksbury in Place-Names of Essex, p. 36 (ARR).
30,25	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	MATCHING. The manor of Stock Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 509, note 2 (ARR).
30,27	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *] HELD. See 30,2 Esger note. See also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 127); Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 186) (ARR).
		See 30,2 Esger note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1958 (JP).
	[HIGH] EASTER. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 509. Pleshey Castle later stood on part of this land (ARR).
	GUTBERT. Probably Old German Gutbert (Förstemann, Personennamen, p. 661) but possibly from Old English Cuthbeorht with Norman French G for C- (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See 30,27 Esger note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 293 no. 1958 (JP).
30,28	HUGH OF BERNIERES. Named from one of the places called Bernières in in the French département of Calvados, either Bernières-le-Patry (arrondissement Vire) or Bernières-d'Ailly or Bernières-sur-Mer (arrondissement Caen), probably the latter: see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 72; Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 14; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 260. For an annexation by him, see 90,29 (ARR).
30,28	WULFRIC CAVE. See 25,6 Wulfric note (ARR).
30,30	RODING. That is, Berners Roding. The modern name preserves that of the Domesday undertenant: Place-Names of Essex, p. 492. See 30,28 Hugh note (ARR).
	THESE 3 MANORS. Those in 30,28-30 (ARR).
	IF GEOFFREY HIMSELF COULD PROVE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 293 no. 1959 (JP).
30,31	[* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).
	BIGODS. Formerly called Alfriston; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 475-76 (ARR).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,32	GEOFFREY [* MARTEL *]. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).
	DUNMOW. Probably the manor of South Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 510, note 7 (ARR).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,33	E[SGER] [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	3 CATTLE ... SHEEP. Presumably 'now', but perhaps 'then and now' (ARR).
30,34	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
30,35	[* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).
	RODING. The manor of Maskelsbury there in White Roding; see VCH Essex, i. p. 511, note 1; Place-Names of Essex, p. 495, under Mascallsbury (ARR).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,36	DUNMOW. Possibly Shingle Hall in Great Dunmow; see VCH Essex, i. p. 511, note 2 (ARR).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,38	[LITTLE] CANFIELD. The manor of Langthorns there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 511, note 6. See 90,21 for Geoffrey's annexation of 8 acres at Canfield, also held of him by Richard (ARR).
	E[SGER] [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,39	RAINALM. Little Domesday Rainalm[us]; as 30,19 Rainalm note (ARR).
	E[SGER] [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	PART OF KING WILLIAM'S LORDSHIP. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 294 no. 1960 (JP).
30,40	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	KING GAVE IT TO GEOFFREY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 294 no. 1961 (JP).
30,41	WILLIAM HOLDS. See also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 129); Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 186) (ARR).
	1 FREE MAN. Named by Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 129) as Saemer (Samarus). See also 25,3 (ARR).
	35 ACRES. Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 30); Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 34) (ARR).
	['MORRELL'] RODING. See 25,3 (ARR).
	ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 294 no. 1962 (JP).
30,42	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. Little Domesday angari is in error for ansgari (ARR).
		See also 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,43	[* GEOFFREY *] MARTEL. See 30,3 Martel note (JP).
	RODING. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 512 as White Roding (ARR).
	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	LEOFGYTH. Little Domesday Leuid; from Old English Leofgyth; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 312 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
30,44	FOR THIS ENTRY, compare 30,50 which repeats much of this information, with minor differences (ARR).
	STOW MARIES. The second element of the modern name is from the medieval family name de Marisco, 'of the marsh', possibly referring to the same feature as the 'fen' in the name of the place in Little Domesday Fenne. See Place-Names of Essex, pp. 228-29 (ARR).
	FRIDEBERN. Little Domesday Frieb[er]n[us]; Old German Fridebern, Frithubern. Frethubern; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 253-54. Compare ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
30,45	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	6 ½ HIDES. Little Domesday repeats 'hides', adding it above .vi. in order to avoid confusion with the preceding numerals describing Freemen (ARR).
	11 CATTLE. The number of cattle may in fact be 12, but the manuscript has been erased and blotted here (ARR).
30,46	WILLIAM CARDON. See 10,5 William note (ARR).
	CHISHILL. The manor of Cardons in Great Chishill; see VCH Essex, i. p. 512, note 5. See also 90,34 (ARR).
	GEOFFREY CLAIMS ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 294 no. 1963 (JP).
30,47	KING GRANTED ... BY EXCHANGE. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 294 no. 1964 (JP).
30,48	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,49	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *] [***]. Little Domesday has probably omitted tenuit pro after Angari (ARR).
		See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
30,50	IN THE MANUSCRIPT there is a marginal cross, which Farley omits to show, probably indicating the partial duplication of text between this entry and 30,44. Compare 25,25 Eudo note (ARR).
30,51	ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]. See 30,2 Esger note (JP).
	"WENESUUIC". Unidentified; the second element is Old English wic, 'an industrial or trading settlement' with the genitive singular of either the Old English personal name Wine or of wenn 'a wen, blister; tumulus, hill'. Compare 90,27 (Wesuunic), which may be a corrupt form of the same name (ARR).
	THEY ALSO HOLD. That is, Godfrey and Everard (ARR).
31	THE COUNT OF EU. From Eu (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 105 (ARR).
31,1	THURROCK. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 388 as West Thurrock (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
32	ROBERT GERNON. The byname is from Old French grenon 'moustache'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 314-15 (ARR).
32,3	WITHAM. Identified as Powers Hall therein; see VCH Essex, i. p. 514, note 2 (ARR).
32,5	RIVENHALL. Identified as the manor of Archers there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 514, note 5 (ARR).
	WOODLAND. See 3,10 virgate note (ARR).
32,7	CHINGFORD. Identified as the manor of Earl's Chingford; see VCH Essex, i. p. 514, note 6 (ARR).
32,8	[WEST] HAM. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 515, note 2. Compare 34,8 which duplicates parts of this entry (ARR).
	KING WILLIAM [GAVE]. Little Domesday omits dedit but compare 34,8 (ARR).
	MEADOW, 60 ACRES. In the manuscript lx. ac(re) has been altered, perhaps from lx.v (ARR).
	RANULF PEVEREL ... MANOR. See 34,8 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 294 no. 1965 (JP).
32,9	[EAST] HAM. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 515 (ARR).
	3 VIRGATES WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 294 no. 1966 (JP).
32,11	W. CORBUN. Perhaps from Corbon (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Lisieux), Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 83-84, 127 (ARR).
32,14	"LEGA". Unidentified, Old English lege, '(place at) the woodland clearing' (ARR).
	GOTAR. From Old Norse Gautarr, Old Danish, Old Swedish Gøtar, see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 258. Compare 32,45 Gotar note (ARR).
32,15	VIRLEY. Little Domesday Salcota[m]; by 1291 the surname of the 1086 tenant Robert of Verly had been added to make Salcote Verly, but the modern form consists only of the affix. See Place-Names of Essex, p. 323 (ARR).
32,17	TAKELEY. The manor of Bassingborns there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 516, note 4 (ARR).
	CATTLE, NOW 3. In the manuscript iii has been altered from ii (ARR).
	1 SMALLHOLDER. Little Domesday i.b. for .i. bordarius (ARR).
32,18	WENDENS. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 516 as Great Wendon in Wendens Ambo (ARR).
32,21	FARNHAM. The manor of Hertisho-bury there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 517, note 2; Place-Names of Essex, p. 550, under Hassobury (ARR).
32,23	[GREAT] MAPLESTEAD. Thus Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 517 (ARR).
32,24	RAYMOND GERALD ... ROGER OF POITOU. See 1,19 Roger note (ARR).
	COULD NOT MOVE AWAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 294-95 no. 1967 (JP).
	RAYMOND ... TOOK AWAY 1 VILLAGER. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 294-95 no. 1967 (JP).
32,25	AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. Predecessor of Eudo the steward and Robert Gernon in several counties: see Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 267-68. Of the holdings listed there, Tendring should be Oakley (32,28) and Southill (BDF 21,8) is doubtful. It is a tiny property, apart from any others, and held by an Alric before 1066. Although Aelfric and Alric were sometimes confused by the Domesday scribe, there is no strong reason to posit an error here (JP).
	WHICH THE HUNDRED-REEVE HAS. Little Domesday q[ua]s h[abe]t custos hundret. At 89,1 the same man is described as prepositus hundredi (ARR).
	BY THE KING'S GIFT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1968 (JP).
32,26	ROBERT [*OF VERLY *]. Of Verly; see VCH Essex, i. p. 389 (ARR).
	[LITTLE] BIRCH. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 389 (ARR).
32,27	STAPLEFORD [ABBOTTS]. The manor of Batayles there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 518, note 5; Place-Names of Essex, p. 79, under Battles Hall (ARR).
	AMONG THEM. It is unclear whether int[er] eos refers to the 5 free men or to the smallholders (ARR).
32,28	RAINHAM. Possibly the manor of Berwick there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 518, note 6 (ARR).
	ROBERT ^[THE LASCIVIOUS]^. Little Domesday Lasciuus; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 348. The same as Robert the Perverted, see 6,12 Robert note (ARR).
	ANNEXED IT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1969 (JP).
32,29	[SOUTH] WEALD. The manor of Caldecots there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 518, note 8; Place-Names of Essex, p. 138, under Calcott Hall. Compare 8,9 (ARR).
	BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1970 (JP).
	HUBERT OF PORT. Although his main holding was at Mapledurwell (HAM 24,1), he appears to have had jurisdiction over a group of men in Essex (compare 83,2 below) and Suffolk (SUF 16,34). He took his name from Port-en-Bessin (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Bayeux); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 108 (ARR).
	NEVER PAID TAX ... LAST ONE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1970 (JP).
32,31	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1971 (JP).
32,32	CHIGNALL. The manor of Chignall Zoyn in Chignall St James; see VCH Essex, i. p. 519, note 2 (ARR).
32,33	CORP. Farley Cōrp, manuscript Córp. Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, p. 28, left it unexplained. The significance of the mark above o is not apparent and the form appears to be scribally corrupt; it might possibly be for Cōsp, an abbreviated form for Old German Gosbert (Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 124, Förstemann, Personennamen, p. 615), or, in insular minuscule, might be from Cofsi (deriving from Old Norse Kofsi: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 306) (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
32,34	SELVA. Little Domesday Selua; probably from Old Danish Sylvi; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 382 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1972 (JP).
	THEN 10 CATTLE. In the manuscript, x has been altered from v (ARR).
	BRORDA. Little Domesday borda, from Old English Brorda; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 208. The Little Domesday spelling was not given a capital initial and was perhaps confused with bord[arius] 'smallholder' (ARR).
32,35	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1973 (JP).
	BRORDA. See 32,34 Brorda note.
32,36	AZO. Little Domesday Asso. Compare von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 170-71 under Azur, and below, 44,3 Azorin note (ARR).
	CULVERT'S FARM. Little Domesday Richeham. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 519, note 8. See Place-Names of Essex, pp. 238-39 (ARR).
32,37	TOLLESHUNT. Identified as Tolleshunt D'Arcy in Place-Names of Essex, p. 307. See also 32,45 (ARR).
32,38	AELFRIC KEMP. The byname is either Old English cempa 'warrior' or a derivative of Old West Scandinavian kampr 'moustache'. He also occurs in Cambridgeshire (CAM 21,2-3. 25,1-3) (ARR).
32,38a	TENDRING. The manor of Gernons there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 520, note 3; Place-Names of Essex, p. 352, under Grove Farm (ARR).
	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1974 (JP).
32,40	WILLIAM [* DE "ALNO" *]. Called William de Alno in Suffolk (SUF 36,1;15). It is uncertain to which place his byname refers; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 67-68 (ARR).
		Keats-Rohan suggests Aunay-sur-Odon (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Vire (JP).
	MANOR IN SUFFOLK. Probably either Churchford (36,1) or Stutton (36,2). Both were held in succession by Skalpi and William de Alno, the latter from Robert Gernon (ARR).
32,41	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1975 (JP).
32,42	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1976 (JP).
32,43	ARKESDEN. The manor of Mynchens there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 521, note 2 (ARR).
	BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1977 (JP).
32,44	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 295 no. 1978 (JP).
32,45	TOLLESHUNT. The manors of Gernons and Verli in Tolleshunt D'Arcy; see VCH Essex, i. p. 521, note 5. See also 32,37 (ARR).
	GOTAR. Little Domesday Gotra. The same name as is discussed 32,14 Gotar note (ARR).
	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 295-96 no. 1979 (JP).
33	RALPH BAYNARD. He had been sheriff of Essex between Swein (ESS 24) and Peter of Valognes (ESS 36) at a date between 1066 and 1086. For his annexations, see 90,39-40. Castle Baynard in London was named after him (ARR).
		According to Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 327, he was a Norman from Saint-Leger-de-Rôtes (in the French département of Eure: arrondissement Bernay) (JP).
33,1	5 ACRES ... WERE ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1980 (JP).
	PART OF THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Translating s[un]t de sua consuetudine, where sua refers to King William, who however is not mentioned in the present translation's rendering of t[empore]. r[egis]. Will[elm]i. as 'after 1066' (ARR).
	[BEE]HIVES. Little Domesday omits apium (ARR).
33,2	CUSTOMARY DUE BEFORE 1066. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1981 (JP).
	3 ACRES. Probably of meadow, although Little Domesday omits prati (ARR).
33,3	HANDED OVER BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1982 (JP).
	ALSO HAS AS A MANOR. See 5,7 manors note (NH).
33,4	^[THEODRIC]^ POINTEL. Probably to be identified as Theodric Pointel (ESS 71) (ARR).
	WOODHAM [WALTER]. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 522 (ARR).
33,5	CURLING TYE [GREEN]. Identified by Place-Names of Essex, p. 232. Compare VCH Essex, i. p. 522, note 5 (ARR).
	BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1983 (JP).
33,6	DUNMOW. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 522 as Little Dunmow (ARR).
	AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. Also Ralph's predecessor at 33,7;19-20. She was the widow of Thorsten son of Wine, whose will had included bequests of several of the estates later held in Domesday Book by Ralph Baynard; see Early Charters of Essex, p. 29 no. 59 (= Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 1531) (ARR).
		Aelgyth is an uncommon name, confined to Essex and East Anglia (NFK 21,3 and NFK 21,3 woman note. 31,20-25;34-35;37. 42,1. SUF 33,1;13). Only two significant estates devolved upon tenants-in-chief other than Ralph Baynard, at Chipping Ongar (20,46), where Baynard had an interest in part of the pre-Conquest manor, and at Crimplesham (NFK 21,3), just a few miles from several of Baynard's holdings. It seems probable that all references to an Aelgyth in Domesday Book are to this individual, with the possible exception of NFK 21,20. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 234-35 (JP).
	1 HIDE WAS ADDED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1984 (JP).
	½ HIDE IS ATTACHED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1984 (JP).
33,7	AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note.
33,8	AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. See 32,25 Aelfric note (JP).
33,11	A FREE WOMAN. Perhaps Aelgyth (see 33,6 Aelgyth note), to whom Pentlow was bequeathed by her husband Thorsten (ARR).
	MEN'S PLOUGHS. Little Domesday repeats car[uce] in error, where the text starts a new page (ARR).
33,12	CLAIMS BACK ... BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1985 (JP).
33,13	[LITTLE] BADDOW. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 524 (ARR).
33,14	HANNINGFIELD. The manor of Claydons in East Hanningfield; see VCH Essex, i. p. 524, note 3 (ARR).
	VALUE [***]s. Little Domesday .xlx., altered from .xl., perhaps in error for lxx (ARR).
33,15	[LITTLE] OAKLEY. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 524. Little Domesday Adem is in error for Aclem (ARR).
	13 CATTLE. xiii has been altered in the manuscript from viii (ARR).
33,16	THEN 1 COB ... BEEHIVES. The livestock has been placed, unusually, after the value (ARR).
33,17	IN EXCHANGE ... LAWFORD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1986 (JP).
	WHO HOLD ... 35 ACRES. That is, the 2 Freemen (ARR).
	WHICH BERNARD. Little Domesday Tqd', where the scribe has anticipated the t of t[un]c six words later, and has not erased it (ARR).
	"WITELEBROC". Unidentified; Old English hwitlea-broc, 'brook at the place called the white wood or clearing' (ARR).
	AELFRIC [* KEMP *]. See 32,25 Aelfric note (JP).
	IN THE OTHER LANDS. Witelebroc had been held as a separate manor before 1066 but appears to have been counted as part of Michaelstow in 1086 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1986 (JP).
	THESE THREE MANORS £20. Presumably Ramsey (£15), Michaelstow (£4 + 10s) and Witelebroc (10s) (ARR).
		See 5,7 manors note (NH).
33,18	WENDON. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 525, note 3 as Wendon Lofts (ARR).
	ALWIN STILL. The byname is Old English stille ('still, quiet'); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 355 (ARR).
	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1987 (JP).
33,19	HENHAM. For Ralph's annexation here, see 90,39. Henham was later in Uttlesford Hundred (Place-Names of Essex, p. 528). The hundred rubric in Little Domesday immediately before Henham may have been inserted one entry too soon (since Ashdon was later in 'Freshwell' Hundred); however, both Henham and Ashwell were held by Ralph in lordship in 1086 and had been held by Aelgyth n 1066 and thus there may have been a tenurial reason for regarding Henham as in 'Freshwell' Hundred, where it has been left in the present translation (ARR).
	AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note (ARR).
33,20	AELGYTH [* WIDOW OF THORSTEN *]. See 33,6 Aelgyth note (ARR).
	1 ACRE OF VINES. The usual Domesday measure for vineyards is arpent (ARR).
	ACQUIRED THEM IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1988 (JP).
33,21	[ACRES]. Little Domesday omits acras (ARR).
	CLAIMS THIS BACK BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 296 no. 1989 (JP).
33,22	AETHELMER [* AELMER MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	½ HIDE ... ST PAUL'S. See 5,10 hide note (ARR), and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 296-97 no. 1990 (JP).
33,23	TOLLESHUNT. This manor adjoined Tolleshunt D'Arcy; see VCH Essex, i. p. 532, note 6. Compare 34,36 (ARR).
	AELMER ^[MILK]^. Called Aelmer Milk in B3r, which mentions a house in Colchester belonging to Tolleshunt (ARR).
		It is revealed here as having been acquired by exchange (as perhaps also this other Aelmer holding at 33,22), almost certainly from the Ranulf Peverel named in an adjacent Colchester entry (B3q) who had acquired 5 houses in the borough from an Aelmer. These houses were attached to Terling (34,6) where Aelmer is described as a royal thane. Ranulf inherited two other properties from Aelmer, as did William Peverel, almost certainly a relative though the nature of their relationship has not been established. The holdings which devolved upon William were substantial manors of the kind befitting a royal thane (48,1-2). A royal thane, Aelmer, had also held the manor of High Easter (12,1) which Count Eustace of Boulogne had granted to St Martin's, London. Count Eustace had also acquired a second Aelmer holding in Tolleshunt, and granted a third to the church of St Martin-le-Grand (20,59-60). These links make it likely that the Aelmer from whom Engelric the priest, founder of St Martin's-le-Grand, stole the major manor of Elmdon (20,74) was also Aelmer Milk. There are problems with the name-forms of some of these Aelmer's. In 20,59 and 20,74 the form is Almar (Almer), but the links between Tolleshunt and St Martin's make it probable that these are scribal errors. Though less certain, Aethelmer of 33,22 is another possible scribal error given the links between Baynard and Peverel, the fairly substantial nature of the holding, and its proximity to Tolleshunt. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 236-37.
	WOODLAND. See 28,9 holding note (ARR).
	BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1991 (JP).
34	RANULF PEVEREL. His lands later became part of the Honour of Peverel of London, having a distinct history from the Peverel lands in ESS 48, see VCH Essex, i. p. 346. For Ranulf's annexations, see 90,10-14 (ARR).
34,1	VALUE THEN. The Ordnance Survey facsimile omits the abbreviation-mark from T[un]c (ARR).
34,2	HE TOOK POSSESSION. Referring to Ranulf (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1992 (JP).
	IT. Referring to the free man's land (ARR).
	WITH THE OTHER. Little Domesday repeats cum where the text begins a new page (ARR).
34,3	INGRAVE. Identified by Place-Names of Essex, p. 161 (ARR).
34,4	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	ARNULF <OF HATFIELD>. If the holdings of Arnulf of Hesdin, Arnulf of Ardres, and Arnulf the priest are excluded, Arnulf is an uncommon name, occurring a dozen times and probably representing six individuals. The modest holding at Hatfield has no apparent links with any of the other holdings, all of them distant (JP).
34,6	TERLING. See also 90,10 for Ranulf's annexations there (ARR).
	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	2 HOUSES IN COLCHESTER. 5 are recorded in B3q (ARR).
	NOW PAYS RANULF THE SAME. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1993 (JP).
34,7	15 ACRES ... SASWALO [* OF BOUVILLE *] ... HOLDING. The personal name is Romance Saxwalo; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 223. He was an undertenant of Geoffrey de Mandeville in Berkshire (BRK 38,1-2) and Oxfordshire (OXF 39,1-2) but neither he nor the 15 acres are mentioned in ESS 30 describing Geoffrey's Essex lands (ARR).
		The name is sufficiently rare for there to be little doubt that the tenurial link provides a secure identification: Geoffrey cannot have had two tenants with this name. See Keats Rohan, Domesday People, p. 417. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1994 (JP).
34,8	[WEST] HAM. See 32,8 Ham note (ARR).
	WHEN ACQUIRED. q[ua]n[do] recep[er]unt, 'when they (that is, Ranulf Peverel and Robert Gernon) acquired it' (ARR).
	ROBERT GERNON ... MANOR. See 32,8 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1995 (JP).
34,9	WARIN. Little Domesday Garin[us]; an Old French form of Old German Warin; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 246-47 (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. Probably he who was Ranulf Peverel's predecessor in other places in this chapter and also in Suffolk where (SUF 34,1-2) he was called Siward of Maldon from his tenure of Maldon (SUF 34,12) (ARR).
		He was Ranulf Peverel's main predecessor in both Essex and Suffolk and was several times designated as Ranulf's predecessor by the scribe in both counties (9,14. 34,10. SUF 34,2-3). See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 341-42, to whose list should be added 34,30-31 and those holdings where an unnamed predecessor of Ranulf had an interest (20,26. 34,2;6;27-28) (JP).
	[WITH] CALVES. Little Domesday omits c[um] before vitul[is], perhaps indicating misassociation with c[entum] following (ARR).
34,10	RAVENOT. An Anglo-French or Norman French diminutive from Old Norse Hrafn and the Old French suffix -ot. Also at 34,28 (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	WILLINGALE. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 528, note 1 as Willingale Doe (ARR).
	ADDED 1 FREEMAN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1996 (JP).
	ALSO ADDED ... 30 ACRES. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1996 (JP).
34,11	WOODHAM [MORTIMER]. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 528 (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	100 GOATS. This is a Farley error for '5 goats'; manuscript .v. cap[re] (ARR).
34,12	MALDON. Called Little Maldon by VCH Essex, i. p. 528 (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	MEN'S [PLOUGHS]. Little Domesday omits caruce (ARR).
	SHEEP. Farley poues, manuscript pores altered to poues; the p was meant to be erased in the manuscript but was not (ARR).
34,13	HAZELEIGH. The two mentions of 'Hazeleigh', (Halesheiam, Halesleiam, 34,13-14) are respectively, the manors of Great Hazeleigh and Little Hazeleigh; see VCH Essex, i. p. 528, notes 4-5 (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
34,14	HAZELEIGH. Little Hazeleigh; see 34,13 Hazeleigh note (ARR).
	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
34,15	A. Perhaps, but not necessarily, an abbreviation for Ailmar[us] of 34,14 (ARR).
34,16	ABBERTON. Ranulf Peverel subsequently granted it to St Paul's, London; see Early Charters of Essex, p. 40 no. 96 (ARR).
34,18	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
34,19	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	13 VILLAGERS, NOW 19. Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 129) adds, 'and 1 Freeman', sochemann[us] (ARR).
	ABBOT OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 129); Inquisitio Eliensis Alienations, (Hamilton, p. 189) (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1997 (JP).
34,20	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	THEN ... PLOUGHS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
	VITALIS [HOLDS]. Probably he of 34,18 (ARR).
34,21	HENNY. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 529 as Great Henny. See 90,13 for Ranulf's annexation here, and 90,44 for Thorold's (ARR).
	SUDBURY. In Suffolk (SUF 1,97), to the north of Great Henny (ARR).
34,22	LAMARSH. See 90,14 for Ranulf's annexation here, and 90,45 for Thorold's (ARR).
	TWO BROTHERS. Presumably Algar and Alfward (ARR).
	GIVEN ... AS 1 MANOR. See 5,7 manors note (NH).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 297 no. 1998 (JP).
34,23	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
34,24	LAWLING. The manor of Peverells there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 530, note 5 (ARR).
34,26	STANSGATE. See 90,12 for Ranulf Peverel's annexation here (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
34,27	BUT HE COULD GO. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 297-98 no. 1999 (JP).
	HAS IT. Alternatively, 'has him' (ARR).
34,28	RAVENOT. As 34,10 Ravenot note (ARR).
	PLUNKER'S [GREEN]. For this identification, see Place-Names of Essex, p. 153 (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	BUT IT DID NOT BELONG TO HIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2000 (JP).
	½ PLOUGH. In the manuscript .7. d(imidia). car(uca) has been altered from .7 .i. car[uca] (ARR).
34,29	SPRINGFIELD. The manor of Springfield Hall; see VCH Essex, i. p. 531, note 3 (ARR).
	SMALLHOLDERS. Little Domesday repeats the bordarius category of population. Possibly the second group is in error for serui, 'slaves' (ARR).
34,30	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	ABBEY OF ELY LAYS CLAIM. See 10,3 and Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 126) (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2001 (JP).
34,31	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	£12 FROM MALDON. This does not tally with the values given in 1,25 (ARR).
34,32	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2002 (JP).
34,33	ST OSYTH. The manor of St Clere's Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 531, note 8; Place-Names of Essex, p. 350, under St Clairs Hall (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	50 CATTLE. An unusually high number of cattle (ARR).
34,34	KETIL [* ALDER *]. A wealthy magnate in Essex and East Anglia, the bulk of his estates lying in Norfolk. He is described as both a thane of King Edward (NFK 34,6) and of Archbishop Stigand (NFK 32,2), as holding 'under' the archbishop (NFK 26,2), but most often simply as a free man. Most of his estates devolved upon Ranulf Peverel though five other tenants-in-chief enjoyed a part of his estate. Ketil is a fairly common name in the area but his estates can be identified securely in most cases by family wills, which name most of them and confirm Stigand as his lord as well as including a bequest to Earl Harold: Whitelock, Anglo-Saxon Wills, nos. 32-34, pp. 84-91, 197-204. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 318-19 (JP).
34,35	SMALLHOLDERS ABOVE THE WATER. They were probably fishermen dwelling on the shore of the Thames estuary here. In the manuscript sup[er] has been altered from sub ['under']! (ARR).
34,36	TOLLESHUNT. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 532, note 5 as Tolleshunt D'Arcy (ARR).
	SIWARD [* OF MALDON *]. See 34,9 Siward note (JP).
	RALPH BAYNARD. Compare 33,23 (ARR).
		Not included in Fleming's catalogue: Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 (NH).
	HUGH DE MONTFORT. Compare 27,18 (ARR).
		Not included in Fleming's catalogue: Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 (NH).
35	AUBREY DE VERE. Named from Ver (in the French département of Manche: arrondissement Coutances [canton, Gavray]) or Ver (in that of Calvados), according to Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 118. For his annexations, see 90,36-37 (ARR).
		Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman Families, p. 110, favoured Ver in the French département of Manche; but Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 131-32, has recently argued for a Breton origin, Vair (in the French département of Loire-Atlantique: arrondissement Ancenis) (JP).
35,1	[GREAT] CANFIELD. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 532 (ARR).
	WULFWIN. He was also Aubrey's predecessor in Cambridgeshire (CAM 29,1 Wulfwin note), etc. (ARR).
35,2	"UDECHESHALE". Unidentified, Old English (hypothetical) Udeceshale, 'at Udec's nook of land'; The hypothetical name Udec may be a diminutive of the recorded personal name Uda (compare Udel in Uttlesford, Place-Names of Essex, p. 516) but could be from a place-name, hypothetical, Wuda-hecc 'Woodhatch', if the Little Domesday spelling ch here represents [ts] (ARR).
	ADDED 1 VIRGATE AND 8 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2003 (JP).
35,5	[CASTLE] HEDINGHAM. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 533. For Aubrey's annexation of 15 acres at Smalton here, see 90,37 (ARR).
	WHO ... PLOUGHS. h[abe]ntes probably refers to all the village population listed here, rather than to the slaves. The clause is another way of expressing the number of 'men's ploughs'. A similar construction is used later in this entry in relation to the ploughs belonging to Robert Blunt, etc (ARR).
	SUDBURY. Suffolk (SUF 1,97) (ARR).
	ROBERT BLUNT. A landholder in Suffolk (ESS 66) and Middlesex (MDX 17), etc. See also 90,83. The byname is from Old French blund, blond, 'blonde, fair'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 294. In Wiltshire (WIL 60) he has the Latin byname flavus (Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 313), 'yellow, blonde'; in Northamptonshire (NTH 33) the Latin byname albus 'white' (Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 293); and in Norfolk (NFK 1,231. 26,3) the Old French byname blanchart 'whitish' (Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 293) (ARR).
	PINSON. Little Domesday Pincu'n', for Pinc(io)un from Old French pinçon 'finch', a nickname; see Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 274 under the names Pinchen, Pinson (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GODWIN. Little Domesday Godun (ARR).
35,6	HALF-HUNDRED OF 'THUNDERLOW'. This unit occurs only here and before 36,8. It was later subsumed into Hinkford Hundred. The meeting-place was in Bulmer parish; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 418. The inclusion of 'Binsley' in it (VCH Essex, i. pp. 405-406) is not so in Little Domesday, see 23,10 and 36,9 (ARR).
	BELCHAMP [WALTER]. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 534 (ARR).
	4 MEN'S PLO UGHS. The first instance of Little Domesday car[uce] hom[inum] is here in error for car[uce] in dominio (ARR).
	"ARPENT". The normal unit of extent for vineyards in the Domesday Survey, of unknown extent (ARR).
	WILLIAM PECHE. Little Domesday peccatu[s] [apparently meaning 'having sinned', as if it were the past participle of a deponent verb], equivalent to Old French peche [Modern French le péché] 'sin'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 353 (ARR).
	SUADUS. Perhaps a nickname from Latin suadus 'persuasive', but possibly it is Old English swaeth 'bandage, wrapping' used as a byname; see von Feilitzen, 'Old English uncompounded personal names', pp. 14-15 in relation to Osferth Swade beard (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
35,7	ADELELM [* OF BURGATE *]. Little Domesday Adelalm[us], from Old German Adalhelm, Adel(h)elm; compare Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 8; von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 184 (ARR).
		A major tenant, and possibly steward of Aubrey de Vere in East Anglia according to Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 124.
	PREDECESSOR. Little Domesday antecessore, with an otiose abbreviation-mark above c (ARR).
	ON CONDITION ... PERMISSION. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2004 (JP).
35,8	COLNE. That is, Earls Colne. The modern form commemorates the rank, as earls of Oxford, of the Domesday Book tenant's descendants; Place-Names of Essex, p. 381 (ARR).
	ALWAYS [***] VILLAGERS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
	DEMIBLANC ... 1 HIDE. The manor of Ingledethorp in White Colne; see VCH Essex, i. p. 534, note 11; Place-Names of Essex, p. 384. White Colne was named from Demiblanc's byname 'half-white' (dimidius blancus), possibly referring to the colour of his hair. He also occurs in Colchester (B3a), where also compare Blanc. Round (in VCH Essex, i. p. 534, note 11) related the name Demiblanc to 'the name of a certain coin in Old French' but the source of his statement is unknown and the word has not been found in any dictionary (ARR).
35,9	[GREAT] BENTLEY. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 535, note 1 (ARR).
	AMONG [THE MEN]. Little Domesday omits homines (ARR).
35,11	BEAUMONT. Little Domesday Fulepet. The first Old English name 'foul hollow' is the direct opposite of the later (by 1175-1180) Old French one 'fair hill'; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 327-28 (ARR).
	COULD NOT WITHDRAW ... PERMISSION. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2005.
35,12	ADELELM [* OF BURGATE *]. See 35,7 Adelelm note (JP).
	[HELIONS] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Bumpstead Hall there, VCH Essex, i. p. 535, note 8 (ARR).
	FULL JURISDICTION REMAINED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2006 (JP).
35,13	FULL JURISDICTION REMAINED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2006 (JP).
35,14	STEVINGTON [END]. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 536, note 2, as the manor of Waltons in Ashdon (ARR).
	HE GAVE THEM TO AUBREY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2007 (JP).
36	PETER OF VALOGNES. The sheriff of Essex and Hertfordshire in 1086; see VCH Essex, i. p. 349. He was named from Valognes (in the French département of Manche: arrondissement Cherbourg); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 117 (ARR).
36,3	PARNDON. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 536 as Little Farndon (ARR).
	5 ACRES ... HAVE BEEN ADDED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2008 (JP).
36,4	[NORTH] WEALD [BASSETT]. For this identification, see VCH Essex, i. p. 397 (ARR).
36,5	TAKEN AWAY ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2009 (JP).
	NOTHING THERE EXCEPT LAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 298 no. 2009 (JP).
36,6	HIGHAM [HILL]. In Walthamstow; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 106-107 (ARR).
	NOTHING THERE EXCEPT ... ACRE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2010 (JP).
	I HAVE MENTIONED ABOVE. sup[er]i[us] dixi, a rare use of the first person in the Domesday texts. The subject of the verb may have been the sheriff of Essex, whose Holding this was, rather than the compiler of Little Domesday (ARR).
	ADDED ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2010 (JP).
	WILLIAM ... VALOGNES. hoc, if it agrees with any other word here, ought grammatically to refer to the whole manor (manerium), rather than to just the 1 hide (hida), but it should probably be taken here as standing on its own and meaning 'that just described', that is, the 1 hide (ARR).
36,8	HALF-HUNDRED OF 'THUNDERLOW'. See 35,6 'Thunderlow' note (ARR).
	RALPH THE HAUNTED. Little Domesday fatat[us], unexplained by Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 389, but see Revised Medieval Latin Word-List, under fatatus 'haunted' c. 1212 (ARR).
		See now the Medieval Latin Dictionary under fatatus with the meanings (1) 'fated', (2) 'bewitched'. The word derives from Classical Latin neuter fatum ('fate') whose plural Fata as a proper noun means 'the Fates', 'the goddesses of destiny'. Treated in Medieval Latin as a singular feminine noun, fata means 'a fairy' (Modern French une fée), 'a witch'. In view of this, 'haunted' is only one possible meaning.
36,9	'BINSLEY'. See 23,10 'Binsley' note. VCH Essex, i. pp. 405-406, puts it in 'Thunderlow' Half-Hundred but above at 23,10 it appears to be in Hinckford Hundred. Hundred-rubrics appear to have been omitted in this part of the present chapter (ARR).
	PROVIDED ... HIS CUSTOMARY DUE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2011 (JP).
36,10	VALUE THEN. Little Domesday repeats T[un]c ual[uit] (ARR).
36,11	THEYDON. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 537, note 11 as Theydon Bois (ARR).
	BY EXCHANGE ... STATES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2012 (JP).
	IN PLEDGE ... KING'S GRANT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2012 (JP).
36,12	RALPH THE HAUNTED. As 36,8 Ralph note (ARR).
	[NORTH] WEALD [BASSETT]. As 36,4 Weald note (ARR).
	AS 2 MANORS. See 5,7 manors note (NH).
	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2013 (JP).
37	RANULF BROTHER OF ILGER. Ranulf appears consistently in the Domesday survey as 'the brother of Ilger', although in Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 149), he is called 'the son of Ilger'. Ilger is from Old German Hilger; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 187 (ARR).
37,1	INGRAVE. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 161 (ARR).
	OSLAC <OF INGRAVE>. The name Oslac occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing between thirteen and fifteen individuals. The distribution is curious, falling into four distinct groups, in Devon, Shropshire, the Midlands, and East Anglia and Essex. The three modest holdings in Essex have no apparent links with each other or with the Oslacs of East Anglia and are scattered around the three corners of the county. It is likely they belonged to three individuals (JP).
37,2	FOUND NOTHING. No livestock, when acquired (ARR).
37,3	INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. Ranulf brother of Ilger also took possession of Everton in Huntingdonshire (HUN 24,1), which had previously been held by Ingvar. The name Ingvar is Old Norse (von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 298) and hence the spelling 'Ingward' used there in the Phillimore translation is incorrect and has been altered to 'Ingvar' (ARR).
		See also 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).
	ADDED 4 HIDES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2014 (JP).
37,4	PARNDON. Probably Great Parndon, according to VCH Essex, i. p. 539 (ARR).
	ALSI BOLLA. Little Domesday bolla, from the Old English for 'bowl, cup'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 294-95 (ARR).
37,5	PARNDON. See 37,4 Parndon note.
37,6	PARNDON. See 37,4 Parndon note.
37,7	[NORTH] WEALD [BASSETT]. As 36,4 Weald note (ARR).
37,9	1 HIDE HAS BEEN ADDED. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2015 (JP).
	1 VIRGATE ... FROM THERE. The 30 acres mentioned in 7,1 as being held by Ranulf brother of Ilger (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2015 (JP).
37,10	INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).
37,11	13 [COBS] AND. Little Domesday .7. xiii; Probably the massing category is 'cobs', runcini (ARR).
37,12	INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).
	THESE 2 MANORS. Referring to 37,11-12 (ARR).
37,13	THEN NOTHING. That is, no livestock before 1066 (ARR).
37,14	ST LAWRENCE. As 2,6 St Lawrence note. Identified as East Newland by VCH Essex, i. p. 540, note 5 (ARR).
	INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).
37,16	INGVAR <OF BURSTEAD>. See 18,2 Ingvar note (JP).
37,17	IN THE SAME. The text demands a new section here, although Little Domesday has not supplied a paragraph mark (ARR).
	AND ... EXCHANGE. Perhaps the subject of this clause is Ranulf brother of Ilger, not William of Bosc; compare 37,19 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2016 (JP).
37,19	FOUCHERS. Called Gynge Puelle in 1373, from the tenants before 1066; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 159. Not Mountnessing as VCH Essex, i. p. 541 (ARR).
	FREELY. Little Domesday lib[er]ae is probably for libere, being influenced by the previous word puellae. The alternative translation, 'free girls', is less likely since it should have been written in the order liberae puellae (ARR).
	IN EXCHANGE. Compare 37,17 exchange note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2017 (JP).
37,20	'DERLEIGH'. Lost, in Little Bromley; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 333. Not, as VCH Essex, i. p. 541, Ardleigh (ARR).
	EDRIC OF EASTHORPE. He of 20,40 (ARR).
	BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2018 (JP).
	LAWFORD. Adjoining Little Bromley. See 1,27 (ARR).
38	TIHEL THE BRETON. The forename is Breton Tihellus. In 18,21a he is called 'of Helléan' (in the French département of Morbihan: arrondissement Pontivy; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 91), which byname has been fossilized in Helions Bumpstead, held by Tihel (38,4) (ARR).
38,1	[THEN]. Little Domesday has 7 in error for T[un]c (ARR).
	CLAIMS ... KING'S GIFT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 299 no. 2019 (JP).
38,2	STEVINGTON [END]. As 35,14 Stevington note (VCH Essex, i. p. 541, note 9). Farley Steintuna[m] is in error for Steuituna[m] of the manuscript (ARR).
	OSLAC <OF STEVINGTON>. The name Oslac occurs on eighteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing between thirteen and fifteen individuals. The distribution is curious, falling into four distinct groups, in Devon, Shropshire, the Midlands, and East Anglia and Essex. The three modest holdings in Essex have no apparent links with each other (or with the men called Oslac of East Anglia) and are scattered around the three corners of the county. It is likely they belonged to three individuals (JP).
	THEN [AND] LATER. T[un]c p[ro] p[ost] is a Farley error for T[un]c 7 p[ost] of the manuscript (ARR).
	SMALLHOLDER, NOW 3. In the manuscript iii has been altered from ii (ARR).
38,3	GUTHROTH. Little Domesday Goderet; Old Norse Guthrødr; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 279-80, Fellows Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names, p. 111 (ARR).
	CLAIMS ... KING'S GIFT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2020 (JP).
38,4	[HELIONS] BUMPSTEAD. The manor of Helions there, VCH Essex, i. p. 541, note 11. See ESS 38 Tihel note (ARR).
	THEN ... BEEHIVES. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
38,5	MANOR, FOR 1 HIDE. The semi-colon in Farley is a misreading of the manuscript where a full point after man[erio] has been mis-associated with an insertion-mark below the line in the form of a comma. The insertion-mark is repeated in the manuscript, but not in Farley, before the interlineation of 7 p[ro] i. hid[a] (ARR).
38,6	44 PIGS. In the manuscript, porc[i] has been altered from ourc[i] (ARR).
38,7	IN THE MANUSCRIPT the paragraph-mark is omitted before this entry (ARR).
39	ROGER OF RAMES. Little Domesday de Ramis; which Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 109, identified as Raismes (in the French département of Nord: arrondissement Valenciennes), (ARR).
		However, Loyd and Keats-Rohan suggest that he was from Rames (Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Le Havre): Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman families, p. 84; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 406 (JP)
39,1	RAYNE. The manor of Old Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 542, note 7 (ARR).
39,1	MEADOW, 11 ACRES. The Little Domesday interlineation reads c 7 .xi. ac[re] p[ra]ti. The c is most probably a repetition of the number of pigs, already given. '111 acres of meadow' is a very unlikely alternative (ARR).
	OF THIS MANOR. The paragraph-mark here does not distinguish a separate manor (ARR).
	WIBERGA. Old German; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 252 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
39,2	RAYNE. See 39,1 Rayne note (ARR).
39,3	WARENGAR. Old German Weringer; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 246. The Little Domesday form (Garengerus) has Old French G- for W-. Warengar also held lands in Sible Hedingham from Roger Bigot which Roger of Rames claimed, see 43,1 (ARR).
	[SIBLE] HEDINGHAM. The manor of Greys there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 543, note 2.
	SLAVES, LATER AND NOW 2. In the manuscript ii has been altered from i (ARR).
39,4	IN EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2021 (JP).
39,7	WIFE. Compare 39,10 wife note (ARR).
39,8	ARDLEIGH. The manor of Picotts there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 543, note 6 (ARR).
	RALPH OF HASTINGS. Presumably named from Hastings, Sussex, although he is not identifiable in the Domesday survey of that county. See also B7 Ralph note (ARR).
		According to Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 333 he was 'probably named from Hastings, Suffolk, a fee of Roger of Rames', but no reference is given and this fee cannot be traced (JP).
39,9	JACQUES HALL. Formerly 'Manston'; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 329 (ARR).
	ALFHELM. Little Domesday Alselm[us] is in error for Alfelm[us] (ARR).
	4 SMALLHOLDERS, NOW 3. In the manuscript iii has been altered from ii (ARR).
39,10	HENRY'S WIFE. 'Henry's' Henrici has been substituted for 'Aubrey's' Alb[er]ici. Possibly the 'wife of a man-at-arms' in 39,7 (ARR).
39,11	CLIFF. In Mistley; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 344 (ARR).
39,12	BY EXCHANGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2022 (JP).
40	JOHN SON OF WALERAN. For his father's annexations, see 90,46-47 (ARR).
40,1	ERNUCION. Perhaps an extended form of Old German Ernust; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 181 (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	NOTLEY. Perhaps Black Notley; VCH Essex, i. p. 544 (ARR).
40,2	"TURSTIN" [* WISHART *]. Probably "Turstin" Wishart of B3p, who held 3 houses and ½ hide of land in Colchester from John son of Waleran (ARR).
	[GREAT] SALING. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 544 (ARR).
40,3	[LITTLE] MAPLESTEAD. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 544 (ARR).
	[HELD]. Little Domesday omits tenuit (ARR).
	AS A PLEDGE. Translating p[ro] uadimonio (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2023 (JP).
	NOTHING. That is, no livestock (ARR).
40,4	HENNY. Roger also held from John an annexation here, see 90,46 (ARR).
	SUDBURY. Suffolk (SUF 1,97) (ARR).
40,5	BURES. See 23,16 Bures note (ARR).
	TOSTI <OF BURES>. If the earl and Tosti, the holder of Sawtry in Huntingdonshire are excluded, Tosti is an uncommon, even rare name. The two holdings at Bures, here and in Suffolk (SUF 55,1), are remote from others held by an unidentified Tosti and likely to have been held by the same individual. The mention of (Earl) Harold raises the possibility that Tosti might be his brother; but the status of the holding is so modest that mere coincidence is a more likely explanation (JP).
40,7	HE ALSO HOLDS. That is, Roger of 40,6 (ARR).
	THE OTHER FYFIELD. A different manor, but within the present parish. VCH Essex, i. p. 545, note 5, suggests that this is the 30 acres mentioned under Havering-atte-Bower in 1,4 (ARR).
40,8	HE ALSO HOLDS. That is, Roger of 40,6 (ARR).
	[HIGH] ONGAR. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 545 (ARR).
40,9	ADDED HIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2024 (JP).
41	ROBERT SON OF CORBUCION. His patronym is perhaps Old French (hypothetical) Corbucion, from the postulated Vulgar Latin name Corbutio, an extended form of Latin corvus, 'raven'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 178-79 (ARR).
41,2	EARL ALGAR. See 1,11 Algar note (JP).
41,3	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	4 ½ HIDES. See 1,4 hides note (ARR).
41,4	8 FREEMEN HELD. In the manuscript uiii has apparently been altered by elongating the second minim below the line; since the verb tenebat is wrongly in the singular here, the scribe may have at first misread uiii soc[hemanni] in his exemplar as unus soc[hemannus], before altering it to uiii but forgetting to correct the verb to tenebant (ARR).
	FREEMEN ... HAVERING [-ATTE-BOWER]. See 1,4 and 1,4 Havering note (ARR).
41,5	FOR THE FIRST TWO LINES of this entry which are at the foot of folio 85a, [corresponding to the translation 'W. holds ... as a manor'] Farley imitates the irregular shape of the bottom corner of the leaf in the manuscript here and on the reverse (85b) (ARR).
41,6	HUNDRED OF CHELMSFORD. Farley indicates an erasure in the manuscript by means of three dots, Celme ... fort; the manuscript reads Celme[.]sfort, with only one letter erased (ARR).
41,8	WHOM ROBERT ANNEXED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2025 (JP).
41,9	'BENSTED'. As 27,14 'Bensted' note (ARR).
	WHOM ROBERT ANNEXED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2026 (JP).
	FOR THE LAST LINES OF THIS FOLIO (Folio 85b), corresponding to the end of 41,9 and the beginning of 41,10, Farley imitates the irregular shape of the bottom corner of the leaf in the manuscript as aft the foot of folio 85a; see 41,5 lines note (ARR).
41,11	VALUE ... NOW 5 [s]. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript, between m[odo]. and .v. (ARR).
41,12	TOLLESHUNT. That is, Tolleshunt Major. The modern form of the place-name commemorates Mauger, the Domesday undertenant; Place-Names of Essex, p. 307 (ARR).
	WHOM ROBERT ANNEXED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2027 (JP).
42	WALTER THE DEACON. The head of his Holding was at Little Easton (42,3); see VCH Essex, i. p. 349 (ARR).
42,1	40 ACRES WERE ADDED AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2028 (JP).
	10 [***] PIGS. Farley .x ... porc[i] indicates a gall-stain in the manuscript obscuring the text here (ARR).
42,2	PURLEIGH. With 42,4 below, the manors of Frerne and Jakelets in Purleigh; see VCH Essex, i. p. 548, note 3 (ARR).
	[* YOUNG *] LEOFWIN. Probably Young Leofwin of 42,4; see VCH Essex, i. p. 351. Compare 42,6 Leofwin note (ARR).
		This Leofwin is possibly also Leofwin of Bacton, a significant landholder in Suffolk (SUF 6,212;217. 41,7(-8);10): see SUF 41,10 Leofwin note (JP).
42,3	EASTON. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 548 as Little Easton (ARR).
42,4	PURLEIGH. As 42,2 Purleigh note (ARR).
	YOUNG LEOFWIN. See 42,2 Leofwin note; 42,6 Leofwin note (ARR).
42,5	STOW MARIES. See 30,44 Stow note (ARR).
42,6	COLNE [ENGAINE]. The manor of Overhall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 548, note 6 (ARR).
	[* YOUNG *] LEOFWIN. Probably Young Leofwin of 42,4 (see VCH Essex, i. p. 351). Compare 42,2 Leofwin note (ARR).
42,7	QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).
	GAVE THIS LAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 300 no. 2029 (JP).
	AFTER KING WILLIAM'S ARRIVAL. See 1,27 king note (JP).
42,8	QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).
	[LITTLE] BROMLEY. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 548 (ARR).
42,9	QUEEN EDITH. As 20,8 Edith note (ARR).
	[LITTLE] CHESTERFORD. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 549 (ARR).
	AFTER THIS ENTRY there is in the manuscript a summary, perhaps of hidages; see {Introduction: the Manuscript}.
43	ROGER BIGOT. The ancestor of the Bigots, earls of Norfolk. His byname was Old French and meant 'bigot'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 342 (ARR).
		He came from the Savenay/Les Loges area (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Vire), where his family later held land. The connection with Les Loges may mean that he is the same person as the Bigot of Les Loges named in Suffolk (SUF 4,13); see Loyd, Some Anglo-Norman Families, pp. 14-15; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 396-98 (JP).
43,1	WARENGAR. See 39,3 Warengar note (ARR).
43,2	WARENGAR. See 39,3 Warengar note (ARR).
43,1	[SIBLE] HEDINGHAM. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 549 (ARR).
	THESE 48 ACRES. Little Domesday has '48' in error for '48 ½ ' here (ARR).
	THESE 2 LANDS. The 25 acres and the 48 ½ acres (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 300-301 no. 2030, who translates 'these two manors' (JP).
43,4	ROBERT OF VAUX. 'Possibly named from Vaux-sur-Seulles' (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Caen): Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 382 (JP).
	BELCHAMP. The manor of Vaux in Belchamp Otten, named from the 1086 subtenant; see VCH Essex, i. p. 549, note 6 (ARR).
43,5	HENNY. Probably Little Henny; see VCH Essex, i. p. 549, note 7 (ARR).
43,6	HUGH OF HOUDAIN. Probably from Houdain (in the French département of Pas-de-Calais: arrondissement Béthune), but compare also Hodeng-au-Bosc (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe) and Houdain-les-Bavay (in the French département of Nord: arrondissement Avesnes-sur-Helpe); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 92-93 (ARR).
		Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 264, suggests that one of the places called Hodenc in the French département of Oise (arrondissement Beauvais) is more probable, either Hodenc-en-Bray or Hodenc-l'Evêque (JP).
44	ROBERT MALET. His Holding, mainly in Suffolk, was later known as the Honour of Eye. His byname was Old French malet, a diminutive of mal 'evil'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 350-51. For his annexation of 15 acres at Middleton, see 90,84 (ARR).
		Robert was the son of William Malet (died c. 1071). He came from Graville-Sainte-Honorine (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Le Havre): Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 389-91 (JP).
44,1	HUBERT [*OF MONT-CANISY *]. Called Hubert of Mont-Canisy in Suffolk (SUF 57); see VCH Essex, i. p. 550, note 4 (ARR).
		From Mont-Canisy in the commune of Bénouville (in the French département of Calvados: arrondissement Caen): Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 256-57 (JP).
44,2	40 PIGS. Little Domesday cap'orc', where the scribe began to write cap[ri], 'goats', but changed to porc[i] without erasing either ca or the abbreviation-mark above p (ARR).
44,3	COLNE. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 550, note 10 as Wakes Colne; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 383 (ARR).
	AZORIN. Little Domesday Assorin[us]. See von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 170-71 under Old Danish, Old Swedish Azur. Compare 32,36 Azo note (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. The related forms Azor and Atsurr are comparatively common, but none of them appear in Essex (NH).
44,4	WALTER [* OF CAEN *]. In Suffolk (SUF 6,5;7) he is named as Walter of Caen; also identified there as Walter son of Aubrey (SUF 6,2;32;80;183;189;192) (ARR).
		See Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 449 (JP).
	COLNE [ENGAINE]. Little Domesday Parua colun. For this identification, see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 379-80 (ARR).
45	WILLIAM OF ECOUIS. From Ecouis (in the French département of Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 114 (ARR).
45,1	MORETON. According to Early Charters of Essex, p. 33 no. 75 [= Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 45, pp. 215-19], William of Ecouis had granted the estate to St Stephen's, Caen, between 1066 and 1077. It was later confirmed to St Stephen's by King Henry II (ARR).
	THEN [***] COBS. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
	ANNEXED ... MANOR. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2031 (JP).
	HOLDS FROM HIM. That is, from William (ARR).
46	ROGER OF POITOU. A younger son of Roger of Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury. He appears to have forfeited lands in Lancashire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Norfolk by 1086, possibly for supporting King William's rebellious son, Robert of Normandy (ARR).
46,1	WHO HAVE 1 PLOUGH. In the manuscript the h of h([abe]ntes has been altered from 7 (ARR).
	VALUE THEN. Little Domesday 7 post, 'and later' deleted after T[un]c (ARR).
46,2	LEOFWIN CROC. The byname is Old Norse krókr, 'hook'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 179. See also Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Crook (ARR).
	[IN] LORDSHIP. Farley indicates a blot in the manuscript by the use of three dots; however, the implication of loss of text is not warranted since in is clearly visible in the manuscript (ARR).
	48 SHEEP, 100 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript (ARR).
	ABOVE POUNDS. In the 60s (= £3), above (ARR).
46,3	LEOFWIN. Perhaps he of 46,2 (ARR).
47	HUGH OF GOURNAI. From Gournay-en-Bray (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Dieppe); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 90-91 (ARR).
47,1	GEOFFREY TALBOT. The byname may be Old French talebot, 'pillager', but see further Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 225 and Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Talbot. Compare Calebot in B3a (ARR).
47,3	TOOK AWAY 10 ACRES. Roger of Poitou held adjacent land at both Mount Bures and West Bergholt. Compare 1,19 and 1,19 Roger note for another annexation by him in this hundred (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2032 (JP).
48	WILLIAM PEVEREL. His lands later became part of the Honour of Peverel of Nottingham; see VCH Essex, i. p. 346 and compare ESS 34 Ranulf note (ARR).
48,1	HORNDON. The manor of Abbots in East Horndon (later held by Waltham Abbey); see VCH Essex, i. p. 399 (ARR).
	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	56 ACRES ... TAKEN AWAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2033 (JP).
48,2	THURROCK. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 388 as Grays Thurrock (ARR).
	AELMER [* MILK *]. See 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	THEN 11 SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript xi has been altered from vi (ARR).
	2 VILLAGERS, 58 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript. Little Domesday uill' is probably for uit[uli], 'calves' (ARR).
	GILBERT ... 10 ACRES. At Stifford, see 18,34 (ARR).
	ANSKETIL ... MANOR. Ansketil was the Bishop of London's tenant at Little Thurrock (4,6) (ARR).
	LIKEWISE ... DOES NOT KNOW. See 1,9 hundred note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2034 (JP).
49	RALPH OF LIMESY. From Limésy (in the French département of Seine-Maritime: arrondissement Rouen); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 95 (ARR).
49,1	BRUNDON. In Suffolk since 1835; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 407, note 1. See also 49,4 (ARR).
	HARDWIN. On him, see VCH Essex, i. p. 553, note 7, and SUF 21,16 (ARR).
	ADDED 20 ACRES AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2035 (JP).
49,2	"NIUETUNA". Unidentified, Old English niwe-tun, 'the new estate' (ARR).
49,3	CHIGWELL. The manor of Chigwell Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 553, note 10. See also 49,5 (ARR).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	KING'S GIFT ... STATES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2036 (JP).
	PETER THE SHERIFF. See ESS 36 (ARR).
	HAD DELIVERY. Literally, 'had the deliverer', habuit... lib[er]atore[m] (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2036 (JP).
49,4	THIS ENTRY belongs with 49,1 (ARR).
49,5	THIS ENTRY belongs with 49,3 (ARR).
49,6	6 ACRES. Unlocated, perhaps in Ongar Hundred (ARR).
	HIS PREDECESSOR ANNEXED IT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2037 (JP).
50	ROBERT OF TOSNY. Named from Tosny (in the French département of Eure: arrondissement Les Andelys); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 116 (ARR).
51	RALPH OF TOSNY. As ESS 50 Robert note (ARR).
51,2	LAVER. Perhaps Magdalen Laver; see VCH Essex, i. p. 554, note 6 (ARR).
	SAXI. Probably the Guard (huscarl) of this name who was Ralph of Tosny's predecessor at Westmill in Hertfordshire (HRT 22,2) (ARR).
52	WALTER OF DOUAI. From Douai (in the French département of Nord); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 87 (ARR).
		Also named as Walscin of Douai in the circuit 2 counties of Devon, Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire. Once named Walter of Flanders in the Liber Exoniensis, possibly the same man as the tenant-in-chief Walter of Flanders in Bedfordshire (BDF 32) and Buckinghamshire (BUK 31); see Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 450-51 (JP).
52,1	UPMINSTER. The manor of Gaines there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 554, note 9 (ARR).
	85 SHEEP AND 25 SHEEP. Thus in the manuscript (ARR).
	10 ACRES ... EXCHANGE. Perhaps part of the exchange mentioned in relation to the adjacent Ockendon in 30,4 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 301 no. 2038 (JP).
52,2	AND AFTER. Farley shows 7 . p[ost] as deleted and there is a line through it in the manuscript but it is uncertain whether this is more than a smudge since the text makes more sense here without a deletion (ARR).
	AFTER KING WILLIAM CAME. See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 301-302 no. 2039 (JP).
53	MATTHEW OF MORTAGNE. from Mortagne (in the French département of Manche) according to Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 101 (ARR).
		The most recent authority does not attempt to choose between the possible Mortagne/Mortains: Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 296 (JP).
		Both Mortain (in the French département of Manche) and Mortagne have the same ultimate origin, that is from the name of the tribe of the Mauritani from North Africa some of whom settled or were settled in Gaul in Roman times. There is a difference in that Mortain is derived from Mauritanum [fundum], that is, an estate held by a Mauritanus whereas several places called Mortagne derive from Mauritania ('land of/ inhabited by the Mauritani). Medieval forms of Mortain tend to show -oin or -on (Moretoin c. 1025, Mauritonio c. 1055) for the -an- while those of the several places called Mortagne show -an- (Moritaniam before 966, Mauritaniae 1154; all the early forms are Latin); see Dauzat and Rostaing, Dictionnaire des Noms de Lieux en France.
		However, identification is complicated in several ways. In Domesday, when Robert Count of Mortain is described by an adjective it is always Moritoniensis, whereas the adjective pertaining to Mathew of Mortagne is Mauritaniensis (ESS 53). However, this is not a real distinction as the phrase de Mauritanio employing a noun is used of Count Robert in SUF 76,16 and NFK 3 and de Moritonia is used of Matthew (BRK 59. DOR 46. GLS 73. SOM 44. WIL 63) although Matthew is also de Mauritania in GLS 73,1; the Count is de Moritania in SUF L and (SUF 2) de Moritonio in SUF 2. The -o- and -au- are interchageable with the -au- gradually becoming -o- in both Mortagne and Mortain (as in Classical Latin aurum 'gold', Medieval Latin orum, which gives French l' or). The real distinction is in the terminations. Mortain is Latin neuter Mauritan[i]um/ Moritan[i]um while Mortagne is a feminine noun Mauritania/ Moritania The -agne termination on Mortagne is derived from the Latin -ania. Count Robert of Mortain occurs frequently in Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum (see index p. 1104) and Mortain itself is also found there. In the majority of cases the noun is Moritonium or variants on it in the neuter. The fact that Moretonia and Moretania also occur does not weaken the argument, as these may represent cases where a scribe has Latinized the French name or wrongly extended an abbreviation. The modern name, Mortain, derives from Latin Moritan[i]ium, not from Moritania.
		A further difficulty is that Tengvik clearly intended Mortagne, but, in a rare lapse, included it in Manche where Mortain lies and where there is no Mortagne. The final problem is that there is more than one place called Mortagne which might claim to be Mathew's place of origin: Mortagne au Perche (département of Orne). Mortagne-du-Nord (département of Nord, arrondissement Valenciennes) There is also a Mortagne-sur-Sèvre in the Vendée. Of these Dauzat and Rostaing preferred Mortagne-au-Perche.
		However, the strongest argument that Matthew is not from Mortain is not philological: it seems improbable that anyone other than Robert, Count of Mortain himself or his immediate family could be styled 'of Mortain'. The identity of Mortain itself seems well established; the other two places called Mortain in the département of Manche (Mortain-Bion in the commune of Bion and Mortain-Le Neufbourg in the commune of Le Neufbourg) are not contenders for Count Robert's chief place.
53,1	EASTON. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 555, as Great Easton (ARR).
	120 PIGS. Farley .xxx is in error for cxx (120) of the manuscript, where the text is affected by an ink smudge (ARR).
53,2	MARGARETTING. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 555, note 4 (ARR).
	VALUE THEN [***]s. Little Domesday omits the numeral (ARR).
54	COUNTESS OF AUMALE. King William's half-sister; see Ellis, General Introduction to Domesday Book, i. pp. 366-67 (ARR).
54,2	OLD HALL. Little Domesday Sciddinchov; formerly Sheddon or Sharing Hall in Mistley; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 344. VCH Essex, i. p. 555, note 7, identifies it as Manningtree, adjacent to Mistley (ARR).
55	COUNTESS JUDITH. Niece of King William and widow of Earl Waltheof on whom see 55,1 Waltheof note (ARR).
55,1	EARL WALTHEOF. Of Huntingdon and Northumbria, executed for treason in 1076 (having joined two of his fellow earls in rebellion, one of them Earl Ralph of 21,9 Earl note) (ARR).
56	FRODO THE ABBOT'S BROTHER. Brother of Abbot Baldwin of Bury St Edmund's. See also 90,85 (ARR).
	ORDGAR. Frodo's predecessor, who had made the annexation recorded in 90,85 (ARR).
56,1	3 [SLAVES]. Little Domesday omits the category, probably servi, 'slaves' (ARR).
57	SASSELIN. A diminutive of Old German Saxo; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 223 (ARR).
57,1	STANMER. In Ramsden Bellhouse: Place-Names of Essex, p. 168 (ARR).
	CRAYS HILL. Little Domesday Winthelle. In Ramsden Crays: Place-Names of Essex, pp. 168-69.
	2 MEN'S OXEN. That is, ¼ plough belonging to the men (ARR).
57,3	LAYER. Probably Layer Breton: VCH Essex, i. p. 556, note 7 (ARR).
57,5	WARLEY. See 3,11 (ARR).
	BUT THE JURISDICTION LAY IN ST PAUL'S. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2040.
59,1	"SCILCHEHAM". The same place as Sciddeham (90,82) where William annexed a free man. The name may be related to that of Sheddon or Sharing Hall, the former name of Old Hall (54,2) in Tendring Hundred; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 344. The spelling is here scribally corrupt (ARR).
60	HUGH OF ST QUENTIN. Probably from Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme (in the French département of Manche; arrondissement Avranches [canton Ducey]); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 113 (ARR).
60,1	WINGE. Probably from Old Danish, Old Swedish vinge 'wing'; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 416; Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, p. 128 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GODWIN [* WOODHEN *]. Called Godwin Woodhen in 90,1 which records the same annexation (ARR).
	TOOK AWAY 2 PLACES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2041 (JP).
60,3	THE QUEEN'S ^[MATILDA]^ GIFT. Compare the same phrase in 82,1 where Queen Matilda is meant (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2042 (JP).
61	EDMUND SON OF ALGOT. The patronym is either Old Danish, Old Swedish Algot, Algut or Old German Adalgot, Alfgot, Altgot; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 170. He also held a mill from the Bishop of London in Stepney, Middlesex (MDX 3,10) (ARR).
61,2	AELMER HOLDFAST. The byname is probably Old English (hypothetical) Holdfaest 'hold fast'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 221-22. Probably the same man as Holdfast in 22,3 who also held land in Harlow Half-Hundred before 1066 (ARR).
62	A SCRIBE of Little Domesday, on folio 94a, line 2, began the T of TERRA and the paragraph-mark in the heading to ESS 62 two lines too early and abandoned them, wishing to leave space between chapters (ARR).
62,1	ALFWARD DORE. The byname is probably Old English dora 'humble-bee', but see further Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 361-62 (ARR).
62,3	WULFWIN HAPRA. Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 347 suggests a byname derived from Old English (ge)haep 'fit' with an Anglo-Norman suffix. A name such as hypothetical Old English Haepp or Haeppa is also possible (compare Old German Heppo, etc.: Förstemann, Personennamen, p. 748; see Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames under Happe). Alternatively, Hapra might be a misreading of Hafra, an Anglicized form of Old Scandinavian Hafri, a byname derived from Old Norse hafr 'he-goat', see Hafr, Hafri in Fellows Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names, p. 121 (ARR).
	'BYRTON'. Lost, in Stanway; see Place-Names of Essex, p. 399 (ARR).
62,4	"LOHOU". Unidentified, probably Old English hypothetical Loh-hoe; the second element is hoh 'a promontory, hill', and the first log, loh, 'place', perhaps also 'hollow', 'camp', 'lair' (ARR).
63	ADAM SON OF DURAND MALZOR. The Latin byname malis operibus 'associated with bad works or evil deeds' corresponds to Old French malesouvres; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 349 (ARR).
66	WILLIAM THE DEACON. Probably the same as William the bishop's nephew in B3h, see B3h William note (ARR).
66,1	BEFORE 1066 AND AFTER KING WILLIAM'S ARRIVAL. This is a particularly clear formulation of the tendency of Domesday Book to write Harold's reign out of the historical record, to subject it to 'a legal damnatio memoriae' in George Garnett's phrase: see Garnett, 'Coronation and Propaganda', p. 103 and 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2043 (JP).
	WE HAVE RECEIVED ... HAND. Another instance of the use of the first person in Little Domesday, here in the plural and reporting the work of the Domesday Commissioners. Compare 1,3 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2043, who translates 'we have ordered this seizure into the King's hand' (JP).
66,2	HUNDRED OF HINCKFORD. Little Domesday hidngfort is in error for hidingfort (ARR).
67	WALTER THE COOK. The ½ hide at Shalford described in 67,1 is probably that mentioned in 1,11 as being held by Walter son of Gilbert, which suggests that these two Walters were identical. See also 90,66 Walter note (ARR).
67,2	FELLOW. He of 90,65-66 (ARR).
68	MODWIN. According to von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 328 this name is Old German Modwin rather than an unrecorded Old English Modwine; however, he appears to have been the former tenant in 70,2, which entry, like 68,6, relates to East Donyland, and this may lend weight to the Old English derivation of his name (ARR).
68,1	EDWIN GROAT. The byname is from Old English grut, 'groats, coarse meal'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 376-77 (ARR).
68,2	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	GEOFFREY BAYNARD TOOK THE OTHERS. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2044 (JP).
68,5	ALFWARD. Probably he of 90,69 (ARR).
68,6	LAGMAN. The name occurs three times in Domesday Book, the other two occurrences being in Yorkshire (YKS 1E40;54). They are unlikely to be connected to this tiny, distant holding (JP).
68,8	'DERLEIGH'. As 37,20 'Derleigh' note (ARR).
69	HILBOD [* BROTHER OF ARNULF OF HESDIN *]. The name Hilbod is probably Old German Hildebodo, Hilbod; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 162 (ARR).
69,2	LISTON. Either the manor of Over Hall or that of Netherhall there: VCH Essex, i. p. 561, note 7 (ARR).
	VALUE THEN. In the manuscript the T of T[un]c appears to have been altered from S (possibly of Semper) (ARR).
70	HAGEBERN. Here Little Domesday has Hgheb[er]ni, below in 70,2 hagheb[er]t[us]. Old German (hypothetical) Hagabern; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 138. Compare also Hagebert in 1,27. There is persistent confusion in post-Conquest records between similar endings in the names Osbern (Old Norse Asbiorn) and Osbert (Old German Osbert). Compare also in Domesday Essex the two pairs of names Fridebern (30,44;50) and Fridebert (1,22. 18,36. 30,4)and Thorbiorn (20,57. 28,2;5;12. 90,80. B3b) Thorbert (28,17-18) which may also have been confused (ARR).
70,2	MODWIN. See ESS 68 Modwin note (ARR).
	HAGEBERT. See ESS 70 Hagebern note (ARR).
71	THEODRIC POINTEL. His byname is Old French pointel, 'point, sharp instrument'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 328-29. At 18,7;19 and 33,4 he is referred to by his byname alone. For his annexations, see 90,4-9 (ARR).
71,2	HERE. An unusual formulation, unique in Essex (JP).
71,3	BY EXCHANGE ... COGGESHALL. See 90,7-8 for 2 manors obtained by Theodric by a similar exchange (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2045 (JP).
	WHICH TEZELIN HELD. Referring to the 1 ½ hides (ARR).
		See also Tezelin (1,10. 3,11) (JP).
72,2	½ HIDE AND 30 ACRES. The 3 virgates recorded at 15,1 (ARR).
72,3	BADDOW. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 562 as Great Baddow (ARR).
73,1	30 ACRES. Also mentioned in 15,1 (ARR).
74	CONSTANTINE. Farley constantini is in error for costantini of the manuscript (ARR).
76,1	ALWIN [* STICKHARE *]. Probably Alwin Stickhare, Robert son of Rozelin's predecessor at Stepney, Middlesex (MDX 16,1) (ARR).
	[THEN]. Little Domesday omits Tunc (ARR).
77,1	[GREAT] BROMLEY. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 563 (ARR).
	"WESTNANETUNA". Unidentified; probably Old English (hypothetical)Westmannatune, 'at the estate of the men who live to the west', compare Westmancote, Worcestershire, Ekwall, Dictionary of English Place-Names, under Westmancote (ARR).
	2 HALLS THERE. This statement demonstrates that these two holdings were merged before the Conquest (NH).
	SERVICE. Little Domesday seRuitiu[m], with R altered from p. The initial misreading was probably due to the similarity of r and p in insular minuscule (ARR).
	STATED TO HIM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2046 (JP).
79,1	MONKS OF ELY ... THEM. In the Ely land pleas of 1071 x 1075, Reginald milis is stated to hold 6 ½ hides in [South] Fambridge rightfully belonging to Ely; see Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis, (Hamilton, p. 193). See also Inquisitio Eliensis, (Hamilton, p. 128) (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2047 (JP).
	AFTER KING WILLIAM'S ARRIVAL. See 1,27 king note (JP).
80	GUNDWIN. Perhaps the same as Gundwin the chamberlain (SUF 55) and Gundwin the keeper of the granaries (WIL 68,29). The name is Old German Gund(e)win; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 135 (ARR).
		Outside those counties, the only other occurrence of the name is in Leicestershire (40,31) (JP).
81	OTTO THE GOLDSMITH. The craftsman who constructed the bejewelled tomb of King William at Caen; see VCH Essex, i. pp. 350-51. See also B3j Otto note and 1,11-12 (ARR).
81,1	GESTINGTHORPE. The manor of Overhall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 564, note 8 (ARR).
	WHEN THE KING GAVE IT [£]15. An unusual formula; see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 302 no. 2048 (JP).
82,1	EARL ALGAR. See 1,11 Algar note (JP).
	THE QUEEN'S ^[MATILDA]^ GIFT. Probably Queen Matilda, see 1,11 queen note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 302-303 no. 2049 (JP).
83	GRIM THE REEVE. See also 1,18 (ARR).
83,1	ONE ... KING. 1 hide had been forfeited to the king for felony and Grim had been in a position, as reeve, to acquire it for himself. Compare 83,2 (ARR).
		See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2050 (JP).
83,2	COULD NOT PAY ... PERMISSION. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2051 (JP).
	HUBERT OF PORT. See 32,29 Hubert note (ARR).
84	WULFEVA WIFE OF FINN. Wife of Finn the Dane (23,38;43); see VCH Essex, i. pp. 348-49. Her lands were granted to Eudo the steward by King William II in 1099 or 1100: Early Charters of Essex, p. 51 no. 124 [= Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i no. 442, p. 109] (ARR).
84,1	LORDSHIP; 1 VILLAGER. Little Domesday repeats 7 where the text goes from recto to verso of the folio (ARR).
	NOW THERE HAVE BEEN ADDED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2052 (JP).
	THESE 3 HIDES. In the manuscript hid[is] has been altered from his. The scribe had here repeated the previous word by mistake (ARR).
88,2	THE KING'S CUSTOMARY DUE. Alternatively, 'the customary due to the king' (ARR).
89,1	HUNDRED REEVE. See 32,25 hundred-reeve note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2053 (JP).
89,2	ROBERT OF MONTBEGON ANNEXED IT. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2054 (JP).
89,3	RICHARD. Probably he at 28,12;17-18 (ARR).
	HAIMO ^[THE STEWARD]^. The steward (ESS 28) (ARR).
	STILL HAS THE BOOTY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2055 (JP).
90	ANNEXATIONS. This chapter records instances of unlawful occupation of lands in Essex, brought to light by the Domesday Survey. The entries fall into groups associated with particular institutions and individuals almost all of which are named as Landholders or undertenants in preceding chapters (ARR).
90,1	THIS ENTRY and the next three (90,1-4) are by a different scribe to the one who wrote most of the rest of the county. He also wrote ESS B (ARR).
	GODWIN WOODHEN. See 9,5 Woodhen note (ARR).
	ANNEXED 2 PLACES. See 60,1 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2056 (JP).
	GIVEN A PLEDGE FOR THEM. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2056 (JP).
90,2	ANNEXED 3 VIRGATES. See 9,5 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2057 (JP).
	GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2057 (JP).
90,3	DUNTON. This place is adjacent to Horndon-on-the-Hill (ARR).
	BELONG TO THE KING UNDISPUTED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2058, who translates 'remain the King's in peace' (JP).
90,4	[LITTLE] THURROCK. Identified by Domesday Gazetteer (ARR).
	VALUE THEN 41s. Little Domesday .xl.i s[olidos].; it is not absolutely certain however that the stroke before s[olidos] should be taken as the number i, rather than an anticipation of s of s[olidos]. 40s would be more to be expected as a value than 41s (ARR).
	THEODRIC POINTEL. See ESS 71 (ARR).
	ANNEXED ... KING'S HAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 303 no. 2059 (JP).
90,5	ALSO ANNEXED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 303-304 no. 2060 (JP).
90,6	BEFORE THESE PLEAS. Little Domesday p[rius]qua[m] hec placita fierent; that is, before the Domesday Survey (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2061 (JP).
90,7	ANNEXED [LITTLE] STAMBRIDGE. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 566, note 18 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2062 (JP).
90,8	ROBERT ... HIM. Interlined, preceded by an insertion-mark in the form of a colon. In the manuscript this mark is repeated after sol[idos] but is not shown by Farley (ARR).
	EXCHANGE ... COGGESHALL. See 71,3 for another 1 ½ hides obtained by Theodric by a similar exchange (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2062 (JP).
90,9	"MIDEBROC". Unidentified; either Old English (hypothetical) Midelbroc 'marsh-meadow in the middle' or Old English (hypothetical) Mythe-broc or Mythan-broc 'marsh-meadow at a confluence' (ARR).
	ANNEXED 20 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2063 (JP).
	CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY, CANTERBURY. See ESS 2 (ARR).
LIST 6	RANULF PEVEREL. See ESS 34 (ARR).
90,10	3 HIDES LESS 15 ACRES. That is, 2 hides and 105 acres. This had apparently become 2 hides and 110 acres by 1086 (2 hides and 80 acres + 30 acres), unless there is an error of computation here. Ranulf also held another 2 hides and 90 acres (254 hides and 30 acres) there, see 34,6 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2064 (JP).
90,11	ANNEXED 30 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2065 (JP).
90,12	STANSGATE. See 34,26 for other land here held by Ralph son of Brian from Ranulf (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2066 (JP).
90,13	HENNY. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 567 as Great Henny. See 34,21 for other land here held by Thorold from Ranulf. Compare 90,44 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2067 (JP).
90,14	LAMARSH. See 34,22 for land as in 90,13 Henny note. Compare 90,45 (ARR).
	FREE LAND. Taking lib[er]e of Little Domesday to stand for lib[er]ae, agreeing with t[er]rae (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2068 (JP).
90,15	HUGH DE MONTFORT. See ESS 27 (ARR).
	WILLIAM SON OF GROSS. Hugh's tenant at Kelvedon in 27,2 (ARR).
	HUGH ... ANNEXED 1 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2069 (JP).
	WILLIAM ... 10 FREE MEN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2069 (JP).
90,16	ANNEXED ... 4 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2069 (JP).
90,17	HUNDRED OF LEXDEN. Hugh held Markshall (27,13) in this hundred, adjacent to Feering (ARR).
	ANNEXED ... 3 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 304 no. 2070 (JP).
	FEERING. See 6,8 (ARR).
90,18	15 ACRES OF LAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2071 (JP).
90,19	BELONGED TO HAVERING[-ATTE-BOWER]. The king's manor, see 1,4 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2072 (JP).
	ST PETER'S, WESTMINSTER. See ESS 5 (ARR).
LIST 9	G[EOFFREY] DE MANDEVILLE. See ESS 30 (ARR).
90,20	MASHBURY. See 30,13 for Geoffrey's other land here (ARR).
	ANNEXED ... KING'S DESPITE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2073 (JP).
90,21	[LITTLE] CANFIELD. Richard held land from Geoffrey at Little Canfield (30,38) (ARR).
	ANNEXED ... KING'S DESPITE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2074 (JP).
90,22	ROCKELL'S FARM. Formerly 'Wyggepet', Place-Names of Essex, pp. 526-27 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2075 (JP).
90,24	IN WENDENS. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2076 (JP).
90,25	FARNHAM. The manor of Earlsbury there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 568, note 10; Place-Names of Essex, pp. 550-51 (ARR).
	NOW 4 MEN-AT-ARMS HOLD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2077 (JP).
90,26	STAMBOURNE. The manor of Moone Hall there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 568, note 11 (ARR).
	A FREE MAN HELD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2078 (JP).
90,27	"WESUUNIC". Perhaps the same place as that called Wenesuuic in 30,51, although the 6 free men are not necessarily the same in both entries, there being a different amount of land and a different 1066 value. However, it may be a different place and a different name; perhaps Old English (hypothetical) Wesu-wic 'farm, etc. at a wet place', from wese 'soaked' and wic, or Old English (hypothetical) Wesung-wic 'factory where soaking (e.g. of flax, dyeing, etc.) is carried on', from wesung the gerund of Old English wesan 'to soak' and wic (ARR).
	6 FREE MEN BEFORE 1066. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2079 (JP).
90,28	GODWIN SECH. The byname is probably from Old English saec 'sack', rather than Old French sec 'dry, withered'; compare Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 333-34 and Alwin Sack, Bedfordshire (BDF 4,5) (ARR).
	15 ACRES IN ESGER [* THE CONSTABLE *]'s HOLDING. See 30,2 Esger note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2080 (JP).
90,29	HUGH OF BERNIERES. See 30,28-30 (ARR).
	USED TO HOLD 37 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2081 (JP).
90,30	'PLESINGHO'. As 20,18 'Plesingho' note (ARR).
	HELD. Little Domesday tenut is in error for tenuit (ARR).
	HUMPHREY GOLDENBOLLOCKS. Little Domesday humfrid[us] aurei testiculi; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 285. Perhaps a nickname for a man who had sired many children (ARR).
	ANNEXED IN THE KING'S DESPITE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 305 no. 2082 (JP).
90,31	WIGBOROUGH. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 569, note 3 as Little Wigborough. For Haimo's land here see 28,9 (ARR).
	HAIMO THE STEWARD. See ESS 28 (ARR).
	ADDED 2 FREEMEN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 305-306 no. 2083 (JP).
90,32	NORTHEY ISLAND. As 28,12 Northey note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2084 (JP).
90,33	STAMBOURNE. See 28,11 for Hamo's land here (ARR).
	40 ACRES ... 40s. Interlined in the manuscript (ARR).
	AND STILL HAVE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2085 (JP).
90,34	WILLIAM CARDON. Little Domesday Cardun, see 10,5 William note (ARR).
	APPROPRIATED 1 FREEMAN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2086 (JP).
	CHISHILL. Held by William from Geoffrey de Mandeville (30,46) (ARR).
LIST 14	SWEIN ^[OF ESSEX]^. See ESS 24 (ARR).
90,35	"BERTUNA". Unidentified, Old English bere-tun, 'outlier'.
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 1,1 Harold note (JP).
	ROBERT SON OF WIUHOMARCH. See 24,1 Robert note (ARR).
	ANNEXED ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2087 (JP).
90,36	AUBREY DE VERE. See ESS 35 (ARR).
	ANNEXED 1 ½ HIDES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2088 (JP).
90,37	SMALTON. In Castle Hedingham (compare 35,5); see Place-Names of Essex, p. 440 (ARR).
	A FREE MAN HELD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2089 (JP).
90,38	[LITTLE] MAPLESTEAD. Identified thus by VCH Essex, i. p. 569. Aubrey's wife held 'Napsted' here from Odo of Bayeux (18,21) (ARR).
	AUBREY DE VERE'S WIFE. See also 18,21;24 (ARR).
	ANNEXED 5 FREE MEN ... 3s. Interlined in the manuscript (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2090 (JP).
90,39	RALPH BAYNARD. See ESS 33 (ARR).
	HENHAM. For Ralph Baynard's land here (13 ½ hides less 10 acres) see 33,19. Ralph's two holdings here would amount to 14 hides (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2091 (JP).
90,40	COUPALS FARM. As 23,23 Coupals note (ARR).
	6 FREE MEN HELD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2092 (JP).
	AFTER THIS ENTRY, the manuscript has a gap of about two lines. This gap is introduced in the Ordnance Survey facsimile by a paragraph-mark, not shown by Farley since in the manuscript it has been erased (ARR).
90,41	GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2093 (JP).
	3s. x corrected to iii; so in the manuscript (ARR).
90,42	RALPH LATIMER. He is named in the Inquisitio Comitatus Cantabrigiensis as Ely Abbey's tenant at Hardwick in 1086 (CAM 5,37 Ralph note), and may be identical with the Ralph who held Albury (HRT 4,11), adjacent to Farnham from the Bishop of London in 1086 (ARR).
	GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2094 (JP).
90,43	FOR THE LAST THREE LINES of folio 101a (containing entries 90,43-44) Farley's tapering of the right-hand margin reflects a repair in the manuscript, also affecting the left-hand margin at the foot of folio 101b; see 90,52 then note (ARR).
	"LIFFILDEUUELLA". Old English Leofhildewella, 'Leofhild's spring'. Unidentified, but possibly associated with Levit's Corner in Pebmarsh, see Place-Names of Essex, p. 447 (ARR).
	1 FREE MAN HELD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2095 (JP).
90,44	HELD ... AND STILL HOLD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2096 (JP).
90,45	TUROLD. Ranulf Peverel's undertenant at Great Henny and Lamarsh, 34,21-22. Compare also 90,13-14 (ARR).
	HELD ... AND STILL HOLD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 306 no. 2097 (JP).
90,46	10 ½ ACRES. Little Domesday repeats 'and', using both the tironian nota and the ampersand (ARR).
	7 FREE MEN HELD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2098 (JP).
	JOHN. Son of Waleran, see ESS 40. For his land at Henny held from him by Roger, see 40,4 (ARR).
90,47	HELD. Little Domesday ten', probably for ten[uit] (ARR).
	WALERAN ^[FATHER OF JOHN]^ ANNEXED. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2099 (JP).
	NOW 40. Little Domesday xl is almost certainly an error (ARR).
90,48	LEODMER OF HEMPSTEAD ... RICHARD. Leodmer is called Leodmer the reeve in 90,76 which refers to the same annexation. He was the reeve of Richard son of Count Gilbert, who held Hempstead (23,41) in 1086 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 nos. 2100 and 2124 (JP).
	BRAINTREE. Probably Sandpit Leet; see VCH Essex, i. p. 570, note 19 (ARR).
LIST 24	RICHARD SON OF COUNT GILBERT. See ESS 23 (ARR).
90,49	AELMER OF BORLEY. Compare 90,55 (ARR).
	AELFRIC OF ALDERFORD. Richard held 36 acres at Alderford (23,11) (ARR).
	NOW GOISMER HOLDS. See 23,7 Goismer note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2101 (JP).
	5 ACRES. Probably of meadow, if Little Domesday has omitted prati (ARR).
90,50	ARNOLD. Probably he of 23,3;8-9 (ARR).
	FINCHINGFIELD. See 23,9 for 38 acres here, held by Arnold from Richard (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2102 (JP).
90,51	½ HIDE WHICH ARNOLD HOLDS. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2103 (JP).
90,52	HORSEHAM [HALL]. See also 90,75 (ARR).
	NOW WIDELARD HOLDS. Probably he of 23,10;42 and 90,75 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2104 (JP).
	THEN AND LATER 1 PLOUGH. For the tapering shown by Farley for the last three lines of this folio (101b) corresponding to the last half of entry 90,52 and the first half of 90,53, see 90,43 lines note.
90,53	HOWE. See 23,15 Howe note (ARR).
	GERMUND. Richard's tenant in 23,15 (ARR).
	HOLDS 37 ½ ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2105 (JP).
	WHICH COLMAN. Little Domesday repeats q[uo]d where the text begins a new folio (ARR).
90,54	YELDHAM. Richard held Great Yeldham (23,7) (ARR).
	BERNARD HOLDS 40 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2106 (JP).
90,55	BORLEY. Compare Aelmer of Borley in 90,49 (ARR).
	ANSKETIL HOLDS ½ HIDE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2107 (JP).
	FREE MEN. Although Godiva was a woman, she could still technically be termed a liber homo in relation to her status (ARR).
90,56	TOPPESFIELD. Probably the manor of Scoteneys there; see VCH Essex, i. p. 571, note 11; Place-Names of Essex, p. 464, under Scotney's Farm (ARR).
	RALPH HOLDS 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2108 (JP).
90,57	TOPPESFIELD. see 90,56 Toppesfield note.
	G. HOLDS 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2109 (JP).
90,58	CORNISH HALL. Formerly 'Norton'; see Place-Names of Essex, pp. 426-27 (ARR).
	MASCEREL. See 23,14 Mascerel note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2110 (JP).
90,59	PEBMARSH. See 23,18 for Richard's land here (ARR).
90,60	ALPHAMSTONE. See 23,19 for Richard's land here (ARR).
	HOLD. Either Old English hold masculine, 'holder of allodial land'; or Old English hold 'gracious, friendly, faithful': see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 291 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
90,61	[STEEPLE] BUMPSTEAD. See 23,21 for Richard's land here (ARR).
90,63	ALL THESE. The men named in 90,59-63. on's is a Little Domesday error for om's, om[ne]s (ARR).
	THE ABOVE-MENTIONED MEN. Either those in 90,59-63 or all the pre-1066 free men in 90,49-63 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, pp. 307-308 no. 2111 (JP).
	WIHTGAR. The predecessor of Richard son of Count Gilbert, see 90,64 (ARR).
90,64	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. See 20,77 where he is said to have held 4 ½ hides at Bendysh [Hall] before Count Eustace (ARR).
		See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	ANNEXED ... AFTER THE KING CAME. See 1,27 king note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2112 (JP).
90,65	BARDFIELD. Identified by VCH Essex, i. p. 572 as Great Bardfield. For Richard's land there, see 23,39 (ARR).
	AFTER THE KING CAME. See 1,27 king note (JP).
	PREDECESSOR DID NOT HOLD. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2113 (JP).
90,65	FELLOW. He of 67,2 (ARR).
90,66	"HOCSENGA". This is a Farley error for hoosenga of the manuscript. Unidentified, perhaps Old English (hypothetical) hosinge 'place having to do with an association or company of people', from Old English hos; see Beowulf line 924 [Wrenn, Beowulf and the Finnesburg Fragment, p. 132] (ARR).
	FELLOW. He of 67,2 (ARR).
	AS ... ABOVE-MENTIONED LAND. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2114 (JP).
	WALTER. Possibly Walter the cook (ESS 67) who succeeded Fellow at Ashwell (67,2) (ARR).
90,67	"HASINGHAM". Unidentified, Old English Hasing-ham or Hasing-hamm, 'Hasu's estate or Hasu's enclosure', compare Ekwall, Dictionary of English Place-Names, p. 224, under Hassingham, Norfolk (ARR).
	HOWEVER ... PATRONAGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2115 (JP).
90,68	LUTTING. Little Domesday Luttin[us]; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 322 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	COLNE. For Richard's holding there, see 23,34 (ARR).
	NO CUSTOMARY DUE NOR PATRONAGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2116 (JP).
90,69	ALFWARD HELD. Little Domesday ten& is in error for tenuit. Alfward is probably the pre-1066 tenant named in 68,5 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2117, who silently corrects the Latin (JP).
	THE OTHER LAND. That in 90,68 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2118 (JP).
90,70	[WEST] BERGHOLT. For Richard's holding there, see 23,36 (ARR).
	THE OTHER LAND. That in 90,68 (ARR).
90,71	COLNE. As 90,68 Colne note (ARR).
	HELD 5 ACRES FREELY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2119 (JP).
	THE OTHERS. Little Domesday alios, probably agreeing with locos 'places' (understood); those in 90,69-70 (ARR).
90,72	FORDHAM. For Richard's holding there, see 23,35 (ARR).
	TOVILD. Little Domesday Touillda; Old Norse (hypothetical) Tofa-Hildr, 'Hildr the daughter of Tófi'; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 384 (ARR).
	HELD 3 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2120 (JP).
	THE OTHERS. Little Domesday alios, probably agreeing with locos 'places' (understood); those in 90,69-70 (ARR).
90,73	[WEST] BERGHOLT. As 90,70 Bergholt note (ARR).
	2 OXEN. That is, 1/4 plough (ARR).
	HELD 6 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308 no. 2121 (JP).
90,74	HALSTEAD. For Richard's holding there, see 23,26 (ARR).
	ACQUIRED THOSE PENCE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 308-309 no. 2122 (JP).
90,75	HORSEHAM [HALL] ... WIDELARD. See also 90,52 (ARR).
	HAS HAD THE SERVICE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2123 (JP).
90,76	BRAINTREE ... LEODMER. See 90,48 Braintree note and 90,48 Leodmer note (ARR).
		The entry at 90,48 is a duplicate, with variations of phraseology. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 nos. 2100 and 2124 (JP).
90,77	WARNER. Probably he of 23,2. He had given the tithes of this land to the Abbey of Bec by 1086, see Early Charters of Essex, p. 34 no. 78 (ARR).
	HILBOD [* BROTHER OF ARNULF OF HESDIN *]. See ESS 69 (ARR).
	LATER ON ... A PROTECTOR. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2125 (JP).
90,78	GIVEN A PLEDGE. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2126 (JP).
90,79	MONKS OF CANTERBURY. See ESS 2 (ARR).
	LAWLING. For the monks' manor there, see 2,4 (ARR).
	ADDED ... AFTER 1066. See 3,8 after note, and see also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 307 no. 2127 (JP).
90,80	THORBIORN WITHOUT ... GIFT. The king had not granted them to him (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2128 (JP).
90,81	HENRY OF FERRERS. See ESS 29 (ARR).
	STEEPLE. For Henry's holding there, see 29,3 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2129 (JP).
90,82	W[ILLIAM] LEOFRIC. See ESS 59 (ARR).
	ANNEXED 1 FREE MAN. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2130 (JP).
	"SCIDDEHAM". The same place as Scilcheham in 59,1 (ARR).
	VALUE 12d. Farley omits to show a gap in the text, caused by an erasure in the manuscript, between val[et] and .xii. d[enarios]. The text erased is ii. sol[idi] (ARR).
90,83	ROBERT BLUNT. See 35,5 Robert note (ARR).
	ANNEXED 10 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2131 (JP).
90,84	R[OBERT] MALET. See ESS 44 (ARR).
	ANNEXED 15 ACRES. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2132 (JP).
90,85	FRODO THE ABBOT'S BROTHER. See ESS 56 (ARR).
	STEVINGTON [END]. Little Domesday Staumtuna is in error for Stauintuna (ARR).
	DWELT IN THE KING'S JURISDICTION. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2133 (JP).
90,86	ROGER OF AUBERVILLE. See ESS 26 (ARR).
	CHISHILL. For Roger's holding there, see 26,5 (ARR).
	BECAUSE ... IN POSSESSION. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 309 no. 2134 (JP).
90,87	ONGAR. For Count Eustace's holding here (in Ongar Hundred), see 20,46. The 15 acres were presumably a detached part of the manor of Ongar, perhaps for sheep-rearing (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2135 (JP).
B	THIS SECTION is written by the same scribe as 90,1-4 (ARR).
B1	GODRIC ^[OF COLCHESTER]^. Probably Godric of Colchester (20,42) (ARR).
	4 PIECES OF LAND. Little Domesday has .iiii. mansiones. t[er]rae (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2136 (JP).
	VALUE ... 30s. Little Domesday ualit is in error for ualet (ARR).
B2	LEXDEN. See also 1,19 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2136 (JP).
	GODRIC ^[OF COLCHESTER]^. Probably Godric of Colchester (20,42) (ARR).
	CITY'S LEVY. Little Domesday Cootu[m] ciuitatis is almost certainly a misreading of scotu[m] ciuitatis, compare 3,16. VCH Essex, i. p. 574, note 15, emends to compotum civitatis, 'account of the city' (ARR).
B3a	WULFSTAN EADLAC. Little Domesday eudlac, Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 217, takes the byname to be a side-form of Old English Eadlac, resting on a derivation from an hypothetical archaic form eud- which is unlikely at this date; a palaeographical confusion between ea and eu is more probable (ARR).
	LEOFWIN CRIST. Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 308, interprets the byname as Old West Scandinavian (hypothetical) krist 'cheep, peep', possibly applying to someone with a squeaky voice (ARR).
	MANWIN. There are nine occurrences of the name Manwin in this entry, but the name does not appear anywhere else in Domesday (NH).
	HARDEKIN. Farley Herdedun[us] is in error for Herdechin[us] of the manuscript, from Old German (hypothetical) Hardekin; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 286 (ARR).
	LEOFWOLD. Little Domesday Leuot, from Old English Leofwald; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 316 (ARR).
	GODWIN WEAKFEET. Little Domesday uuachefet, probably an original Old English byname (hypothetical) Wacfet, 'weak feet'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 339-40 (ARR).
	BLANC. Little Domesday Blanc[us]. Compare Demiblanc 35,8 etc (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	LEOFSEXE. Little Domesday Leffesse standing for Lefsesse from Old English Leofsexe, an Anglo-Scandinavian hybrid of Old English Leof and Old Scandinavian Saxi; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 352) (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	FREOND. Little Domesday Frent, see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English Personal Names', p. 80 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	SAEWARU. Little Domesday Saluare, from Old English (feminine) Saewaru; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 353 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GRIMULF <OF COLCHESTER>. The name Grimulf occurs on five holdings in Domesday Book. The one urban holding is unlikely to be connected to the distant rural Grimulfs in south-east Suffolk (JP).
	BY AGREEMENT. Little Domesday consilio, perhaps meaning here 'by mutual estimation' (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 nos. 2137 and 2138 (JP).
	NOT. From Old English hnott, 'bald-headed', see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 83 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	SHED-BUTTER. Little Domesday Scadebutre, an Old English nickname from butere 'butter' and sceadan 'to separate, divide, give off' etc. Compare Middle English Sparebutter in Reaney, Origin of English Surnames, p. 288 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	BLAECSTAN. From Old English blaec meaning 'black' or 'dark', or possibly Old English blac meaning 'bright' 'shining' or 'pale', and stan meaning 'stone'; see von Feilitzen Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 203, 371. This name occurs three times in the entry, but these are the only examples in Domesday Book (NH).
	WULFGITH. Little Domesday Vued, from Old English (feminine) Wulfgyth, compare von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 420, 280 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GOLDRIC. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	CALEBOT. This may be in error for Old French Talebot (see Geoffrey Talbot, 47,1 Geoffrey note), but may be a hitherto unrecorded Old German name Galabod, Calabod (compare Förstemann, Personennamen, pp. 590-91) (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	WINEMAR <OF COLCHESTER>. The name Winemar occurs on almost three dozen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing five individuals. The Winemar who held a house in Colchester, without attached land, is unlikely to be the same individual as any of his distant namesakes, despite his uncommon name (JP).
	DEORMANN [*OF LONDON *]. This Deormann is probably he holding from the Archbishop of Canterbury at Keston in Domesday Monachorum, subsequently recorded as a knight of the archbishop: see Douglas, Domesday Monachorum, pp. 62-63, 104; and Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, pp. 177; see also KEN 3,1 sulungs note (JP).
	DUBLEL. Little Domesday DuHel is very probably an error for Dublel, an Old French byname meaning 'the double, the twin'; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 375 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GODDAY. Little Domesday Goddae; this may be an Old English byname from god + daege meaning 'good maidservant' or one from god-daeg 'good day' (someone who gives a cheery greeting); see Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 150 under Goodday. Alternatively an Old English masculine personal name (hypothetical)God-daeg is also possible (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GOTI CHILL. Little Domesday Got cill'. Got is from Old Norse Gautr, Old Danish Gøt, see von Feilitzen, 'Personal of the Winton Domesday', p. 160; cill' is from Old English cielle 'chill', as a byname meaning 'the cold one'; compare Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 300. There were three Colchester burgesses with the forename Got, each distinguished by a byname; the other two were Goti Hugh and Goti Fleet (also in B3a) (ARR).
	STAN. Old English (masculine) stan, 'stone'; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 371. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	ORDGEAT. Little Domesday Oriet(ur) probably in error for Oriet[us]. See von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 86 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	ALFSTAN. Old English Aelfstan, variant form of Alstan, a reasonably common name in Domesday Book, see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 152-53. This name occurs twice in the entry, but these are the only occurrences of the name in this form (JP).
	GODSON. This name appears in the entry three times, but they are the only occurrences in Domesday Book (NH).
	"ELEBOLT". Little Domesday Elebolt; Old English Aethelbeald, Ethelbald, Ethelbold, compare Seltén, Middle English Personal Names, p. 25 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, Ailbold, appears in SUF 14,39 as Albold the priest, who is possibly identical to Albold the cleric of SUF 14,13. Another form, Albold, also appears in MDX 10,2 and as Albold the cook in HAM 1,8. All held land in 1086, but the geographical distribution and a distinguishing byname suggest that Albold the cook is a separate individual. Although the holdings of Aethelbald, Albold the cleric or priest and Albold of MDX 10,2 are slightly closer to each other, there are no apparent tenurial links between them. Although the name is uncommon, they may be separate individuals. See Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 133-34 (NH).
	AELBERT <OF COLCHESTER>. Pre-Conquest landowners with names sometimes rendered as 'Albert' occur eight times and can be identified as four individuals, one of whom was the important post-Conquest landowner Albert of Lorraine (BDF 49,1. MDX 7,1). The house of Aelbert (Ailbriest) of Colchester was probably his only property since it was remote from the holdings of any other Aelbert. He was the only post-Conquest landowner bearing this form of the name and so was probably a survivor (JP).
	TATE. Either Old English Tat(a), masculine, or Taete, feminine; Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, pp. 54,114 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	BEARD. Little Domesday Berda, from the Old English personal name Bearda (von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 74 and 'Personal names of the Winton Domesday', p. 208; compare Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Beard (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name on its own, but four individual landholders were surnamed Beard. See CAM 31,2 freemen note; HEF 1,10b; SUF 7,36 and HAM 68,1 (NH).
	FILIMAN. Little Domesday Filieman; Old German Filiman, a rather rare personal name (Förstemann, Personennamen, p. 505) (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	PIC. From pic 'point', Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, p. 22. Compare also Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 326-27, where one possible significance of the corresponding byname given is of 'a man armed with a pick-axe', another being to describe 'a tall, thin person' (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH). The diminutive Picot is more frequent.
	BEST. Probably an Old English nickname from either baest 'bast, inner bark of a tree' or beost 'beestings'; but possibly an early instance of the Middle English surname Best(e) from Old French beste 'beast', see Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Best and von Feilitzen 'Old English uncompounded personal names', p. 7 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	ROSELL. From Old French rossel, 'red-faced, ruddy', see von Feilitzen, 'Personal names of the Winton Domesday', p. 215; Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, pp. 301-302 under Russel (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GOLDMAN. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	POTE. An Old English personal name and byname (hypothetical) Pota, related to the verb Old English potian, Middle English pote 'to push, poke, thrust' and the Middle English, Modern English noun pote 'a poker, a plough-staff, see Oxford English Dictionary (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	LUNDI. Little Domesday Liuidi, probably from the Old Scandinavian personal name and byname Lundi (well-attested; see, for example, Fellows Jensen, Scandinavian Personal Names, p. 191) (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	WOODBILL. Little Domesday Vudebil, an original byname from Old English wudubill 'hatchet'; Kökeritz, 'Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book', p. 36, von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 92. The etymology suggested von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 417 is incorrect (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	AESCHERE. An Old English personal name Aeschere, see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 72 and p. 73 note 1 (ARR).
		See also SUF 1,122f Aeschere note (JP).
	SUNEGOD. Little Domesday Sunegot; Old German, see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 226 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	LEOFSWITH. Little Domesday Leffiuf, Old English (feminine) Leofswith (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	WIGSTAN. Little Domesday Westan; Old English Wigstan; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 413 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, Wistan, appears in reference to a T.R.E. landholder in NFK 1,202. There are no obvious tenurial links; this and the distance between the holdings suggests that Wigstan was a separate individual (NH).
	"AINOLF". Little Domesday Ainolf; Old German Aginulf; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 15 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of this form of the name in Domesday Book. A related form, Einulf, appears in reference to T.R.E. landholders only in YKS C7 and YKS 4,5,2, but this entry records that "Ainolf" was holding in 1086. There and no obvious tenurial links and the distance between the holdings also gives a strong indication that Ainulf was a separate individual (NH).
	TUNRIC. Old English Tunric, so far recorded only here; see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 90 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GOLDHERE. This name appears in the entry three times, but they are the only occurrences in Domesday Book (NH).
	PEACOCK. Little Domesday Pecoc; see von Feilitzen, 'Unrecorded Old and Middle English personal names', p. 86 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	6 ½ ACRES. .7. dim' .7. vi. ac[ras]. Little Domesday .7. dim' may be in error for .i. dom', '1 house' (ARR).
	"OWINE" <OF COLCHESTER>. The name "Owine" is rare, occurring only four times in Domesday Book, probably representing three individuals. This urban holding was remote from all others and likely to have been the only possession of its tenant (JP).
	SAEFOWL. Little Domesday Saeuuele; Old English (Anglo-Scandinavian) Saefugel; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 162, Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, p. 303 under Saffel (a Middle English surname in East Anglia and Essex) (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	TESCO. Little Domesday Tescho; Old German Thieziko, Tizeko; see Förstemann, Personennamen, p. 1417 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2139 (NH).
	STOTING. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	HERSTAN. Old English Herestan, which occurs in Whitelock, Anglo-Saxon Wills, no 3 p. 14 (line 4), Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 1539, of c. 950 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	DELA. Old English Dela; see Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, p. 75, under Dealla (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	HUNNING. Little Domesday Hunec; Old English Hunning; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 296 (ARR).
	GOT HUGH. Little Domesday Got hugo, for the forename, see Got Chill (B3a Chill note). The byname here is a patronym from Old German Hugo (Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 157-58) or Old Scandinavian Hughi. Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, pp. 185-86 under Hugh, overlooks this instance (ARR).
	DEMIBLANC. See 35,8 Demiblanc note and compare Blanc in this entry (B3a) (ARR).
	RALPH PINEL. See ESS 77 (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2140 (JP).
	ORDLAF. Possibly from Old English Ord- meaning 'point', 'spear-point', or 'spear' and Old English -laf (masculine) meaning 'survivor' or 'son'; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 307, 335. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	HORRAP. In its present form this resembles no known personal name. It may possibly be a misreading of Old English Hofw(e)ard; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 291. Alternatively a compound byname whose final element is Old English rap 'rope' might be suggested (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	STANBURG. Little Domesday Stamburc; Old English (feminine) Stanburg, from Old Norse Steinbigrg; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 371, note 4 (ARR).
		This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	KENTING. This is the only occurrence of the name in Domesday Book (NH).
	GOTI FLEET. Little Domesday Got flet; for the forename, see Got Chill (B3a Chill note). The byname here probably represents the Old Norse adjective fljotr, Middle English flete 'fleet, swift'; compare Old English fleotig 'swift', see Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Fleet (ARR).
	MANSON. Little Domesday Mansune; probably Old English (hypothetical) Mansuna; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 325 (ARR).
	LORCE BRET. Little Domesday Lorchebret, 'Lorce the Breton'. For the byname, see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 133 (under Brito), 130 (under Bryt); Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Bret. The forename is probably Old Breton, cognate with Old Irish lorc 'fierce', rather than Old Scandinavian Lurkr, as von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 322 (ARR).
B3b	HAIMO THE STEWARD. Little Domesday Amo Hamo, where the scribe has misspelt the name Haimo and has then written it correctly but has not erased his error (ARR).
	COURT. Translating curia. The meaning is probably that of a group of houses built around a courtyard (ARR).
	HELD THIS. Little Domesday ten'uit has an otiose abbreviation-mark above u (ARR).
	A TAX ... HEADS. Translating de suis capitibus. Compare caput ho[min]is in B3m. The burgesses paid a tax levied on individuals, rather than on households (ARR).
	HAS NOT BEEN PAID. Little Domesday c' reddita is in error for e[st] reddita (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2141 (JP).
B3c	THE PARAGRAPH-MARK indicates this to be a separate section, although no value is given (ARR).
B3d	THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Little Domesday [con]suedine[m] is in error for [con]suetudine[m] (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2142 (JP).
	ST PETER'S CHURCH. See B7 (ARR).
B3e	BEFORE 1066. Little Domesday te'pr'. e. is in error for te'p.'r.e., that is te[m]p[ore]. r[egis]. e[dwardi] (ARR).
	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2143 (JP).
B3f	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2144 (JP).
B3g	COUNT EUSTACE. See 20,8 for a burgess of Colchester belonging to the Count's holding at Rivenhall; 20,36 for a house in Colchester belonging to his manor of Tey; and 20,39 for 2 houses belonging to his manor of Great Birch (ARR).
	ENGELRIC [* THE PRIEST *]. He had held the Count's manor of Great Birch (20,39) at a date between 1066 and 1086 (ARR).
		See also 20,1 Engelric note (JP).
	HAVE NOT PAID. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 310 no. 2145 (JP).
B3h	WILLIAM ^[THE DEACON]^, THE BISHOP'S NEPHEW. Identical with William the deacon, see ESS 66 William note. VCH Essex, i. p. 418 suggests that he was the nephew of Bishop William of London, 1051-1075, a suggestion supported by Early Charters of Essex, p. 40 no. 94 [=Bates, Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, no. 189, pp. 614-15] (ARR).
	WHICH. quam (accusative singular) in error for quas (accusative plural), referring to '2 houses' (ARR).
B3j	OTTO THE GOLDSMITH ... SHALFORD ... COUNTESS AELFEVA. Aelfeva was the wife of Earl Algar who held Shalford before 1066. Otto the Goldsmith (ESS 81) was in possession of it in 1086, see 1,11. In Cambridgeshire (CAM 1,18) he also held part of Litlington at a revenue in 1086 which Earl Algar had held (ARR).
		See also Clarke, English nobility, p. 219, who omits these houses from her holdings (JP).
	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2146 (JP).
	THE QUEEN ^[MATILDA]^'S LAND. Probably Queen Matilda's, see 1,11 queen note (ARR).
B3k	ABBOT OF WESTMINSTER ... FEERING. See 6,8 where only two houses are recorded (ARR).
	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2147 (JP).
B3l	GINNI. Little Domesday Geni[us]; Old Danish Ginni; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 261 (ARR).
	ARDLEIGH. For Geoffrey de Mandeville's holding there, see 30,20 (ARR).
	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2148 (JP).
B3m	ELMSTEAD. For Swein's holding there, see 24,64 (ARR).
	A TAX ... HEAD. See B3b tax note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2149 (JP).
B3n	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2150 (JP).
B3p	THORSTEN WISHART. Little Domesday Turstinus uuiscart; the byname is a patronym from Old Norman French Wischard, Guisc(h)ard, Guisc(h)art; see Reaney, Dictionary of British Surnames, under Wishart. Probably he of 40,2 (ARR).
	THE CUSTOMARY DUE. Little Domesday consuedo is in error for consuetudinem (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2151 (JP).
B3q	TERLING. For Ranulf's holding there, also previously held by Aelmer, see 34,6. That entry records only 2 houses in Colchester however (ARR).
		See also 33,23 Aelmer note (JP).
	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2152 (JP).
B3r	TOLLESHUNT. For Ralph's holding there, see 33,23. The Little Domesday form collensum te is corrupt (ARR).
	THEY USED TO PAY. Little Domesday reddebant, in error for reddebat, 'it used to pay'. Compare B3s pay note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2153 (JP).
B3s	3 HOUSES. Recorded under Barking Abbey's manor of Wigborough (9,8) (ARR).
	IT USED TO PAY. Little Domesday reddebat, in error for reddebant, 'they used to pay'. Compare B3r pay note (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2154 (JP).
B3t	USED TO PAY. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2155 (JP).
B4	SCRUBLAND. Translating fructecta (ARR).
B5	DIVIDED IN COMMON. See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311 no. 2156 (JP).
B6	THIS BELONGS. Little Domesday hoc p[er]tinent is in error for hoc p[er]tinet. The custom in this sentence is being contrasted to that in the next which is not part of the king's revenue: hoc n[on] e[st] ad firma[m] (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 311-12 no. 2157 (JP).
	THIS ... EXPEDITION. The king still had mercenaries to support while not actually on campaign (ARR).
	FOR THESE 6 PENCE. Translating propt[er] hos .vi. denarios, but note that propt[er] is probably in error for pret[er] 'apart from', compare the following sentences beginning p[re]ter hoc (ARR).
	NOW IT PAYS. If reddit is not in error for reddunt, then the subject of this clause is the mint (ARR).
	£80. Expressed as .iiii.xx. lib[ras] (ARR).
	SESTERS OF HONEY. A sester was usually 4, but sometimes 5 to 6, gallons, see Zupko, Dictionary of English Weights and Measures, p. 155 (ARR).
	PREBENDARIES. A similar charge was put on the Boroughs of Norwich and Thetford (NFK 1,61;70) (ARR).
	WALERAN ... THIS. Waleran was the father of John (ESS 40) and is mentioned in 17,1 as having taken 1 house in Colchester away from the land of the Abbey of Saint-Ouen at West Mersea. He had apparently administered Colchester for the king at some time between 1066 and 1086 and may perhaps have done the same with Norwich (NFK 1,63) (ARR).
	AS PROTECTOR. Little Domesday adturtore[m] is in error for ad tutore[m] (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 312 no. 2158 (JP).
	BISHOP WALKELIN. Of Winchester, 1070-1098 (ARR).
B7	ST PETER'S CHURCH. See also B3d. Little Domesday eccl[esi]e is in error for eccl[esi]a (ARR).
	KING'S ALMS. Farley elemasina corrects the manuscript reading clemasina (ARR).
	RALPH OF HASTINGS. Little Domesday hatingis is in error for hastingis, compare hastinges, (39,8). Ralph held 30 acres at Ardleigh, adjoining Colchester (ARR).
		See also Fleming, Domesday Book and the Law, p. 312 no. 2159 (JP).
	THE FOURTH. Little Domesday has an otiose abbreviation-mark on quarta[m], Farley places it above the u, the manuscript has it above the first a (ARR).