NOTES
(version 1a)

SUSSEX. In red, across the top of the page, spread above both columns: Sudssexe on folio 22 ab, Sudsexe on all other folios (JRM).

L15	ALDRED. His single holding is included in SUS 14 in the text (JRM).
1,1	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
	8s 10d. Domesday uses the English currency system which remained in use until 1971. The pound contained 20 shillings, each of 12d. The abbreviations £.s.d. preserved the Domesday terms librae, solidi, denarii (JRM).
1,2	HOLDING. See 11,8 holding note (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
2	ARCHBISHOP [* OF CANTERBURY *]. Of Canterbury. The Domesday Monachorum, written about 1100, assembles documents closely related to Domesday, almost all concerning Kent. The pages, photographed in the modern edition, are numbered in a recent hand, and the manuscript distinguishes sections by huge capital letters. The top of the third column on page 10 (folio 5v; Douglas, The Domesday Monachorum, p. 99) gives eight entries in other counties. 1 Croydon, 2 Mortlake and Hayes, 3 Harrow are in Middlesex; 4-8 Malling, (West) Tarring, Pagham, Lavington, and Tangmere are in Sussex. The text reads, with a stroke (/) marking the ends of lines:
		(4) Mellinges de firm' .c. lib'. Gablū / x. lib' & .x & .ix. sol'. & .xxx / sol' archiep'o. De c'stum' .iiii. / lib'. & .xiiii. sol'. /
		(5) Terringes de firm' .x. & .viii. / lib'. Buresto .viii. / lib'. /
		(6) Pagahā de frm' .Ixxx. lib'. / Gabl' .viii. lib'. De c'stum' / Ix. sol' /
		(7) Louentune de firm' .x. & .viii / lib'. Gablū .xxxv. sol'. De / c'stum' .xxiiii. sol'. /
		(8) Tangemere de firm' .x. lib'. / & .i. unciā auri. & .xl. sol'. / numerant' pro .ii. hidis os / mellini.
	The firma of the Domesday Monachorum closely matches the valet of Domesday. In 1086 the value of Malling was £70; if the values of the archbishop's men are additional, £18 10s plus the omitted value of 'Alchin', which, if at the same rate as the only other virgate holding (2,lg), would be 30s, a total of £90. Godfrey had held Malling ad firmam pro £90. The Domesday Monachorum gives a firma of £100. At Pagham and Lavington, the Domesday Monachorum firma and Domesday valet are identical. At Tarring, the Domesday Monachorum has £18, Domesday's two holdings £18 10s between them. The Domesday Monachorum has £10 for Tangmere, while Domesday has £6 on 6 hides, but notes that it answered for 10 hides before 1066. Most, and probably all the men who held from the archbishop in Sussex, except for William of Keynes, with a single virgate, are listed among the archbishop's milites in the Domesday Monachorum (Douglas, The Domesday Monachorum, p. 105). Domesday omits the lesser dues claimed by the Domesday Monachorum, amounting to a little over a tenth of the firma at Malling and Pagham, but one third at Lavington. The Domesday Monachorum omits the manors held by or for the monks and the Malling Canons (2,3;4;8) (JRM).
2,1a	[SOUTH] MALLING. Malling (later Loxfield) Hundred and [South] Malling manor were coextensive; the constituent villages or outliers in the same Rape are not named (JRM).
	GODFREY [!2! OF MALLING !2!]. Called Godfrey of Malling in the Domesday Monachorum's version of Domesday Kent (JRM).
2,1e	WALTER [* OF RICARVILLE *]. Probably of Ricarville, listed among the archbishop's milites; see 10,60 Walter note (JRM).
2,1f	CANONS OF ST MICHAEL'S. Of [South] Malling (JRM).
2,1g	WILLIAM OF KEYNES. Probably Cahagnes in Calvados: Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 79. He or his descendants named Horsted Keynes, Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, and many other places in England (JRM).
2,2	THE OTHER PART. See 10,99, Burleigh (JRM).
2,5	PAGHAM. A frequented residence of the archbishop; see, for example, Rule, Eadmeri Historia Novorum, p. 198 [translated in Bosanquet and Southern, Eadmer's History of Recent Events in England, p. 212] (JRM).
	1 PIG FROM EACH VILLAGER WHO HAS SEVEN PIGS. So in parts of Surrey (SUR 19,23. 30,l); elsewhere in Surrey one in ten (SUR 19,11); but at Bishopstone (3,1) and perhaps parts of Surrey and Middlesex, one in three (MDX 2,1 pigs note; SUR 1,2 pigs note). The 'Survey of the manor of Tidenham, Gloucestershire' (Robertson, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. cix, pp. 204-207, 451-54 = Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, no. 928 = Kemble, Codex Diplomaticus, no. 461), probably eleventh century, required three of the first seven pigs, thereafter one in ten (JRM).
	A CHURCH IN CHICHESTER. Probably All Saint's in the Pallant (JRM).
	OSMELIN. The Domesday Monachorum [Douglas, The Domesday Monachorum, p. 99] assigns him 2 hides in Tangmere, at 40s; Pagham and Tangmere adjoin (JRM).
2,7	LAVANT. Both East Lavant and West Lavant; see Place-names of Sussex, i. p. 50 (JRM).
2,9	[WEST] TARRING. The Domesday Monachorum [[Douglas, The Domesday Monachorum, p. 99] lists Buresto under Tarring, evidently as an outlier. The place should be Burstow in Surrey (TQ3141), Burestou in 1121: Place-names of Surrey, p. 286. Other Sussex manors had Surrey outliers, see 11,36 Compton note (JRM).
3	MANUSCRIPT error, II for III (JRM).
3,1	1 PIG IN 3. See 2,5 pig note (JRM).
	HAROLD <OF BISHOPSTONE>. If Harold son of Earl Ralph of Hereford is excluded, the name Harold was uncommon among 1086 landowners so it is unlikely that any tenant-in-chief had two tenants of the same name. Despite the distance between them, therefore, both these estates (3,1;3) were probably held by the same individual, one of the bishop's men-at-arms (JP).
	10s [[10d?]]. In the manuscript x sol' is perhaps an error for x den'. See 12,45 value note (JRM).
3,2	WILLIAM [A MAN-AT-ARMS?]. Evidently the miles named below. The gap in the manuscript, with possible traces of deletion, is too long for miles; it has room for a byname (JRM).
3,3	HAROLD <OF BISHOPSTONE>. See 3,1 Harold note (JP).
3,5	HUSCARL. Huscarle ('guard') is not uncommon as a personal name (JRM).
3,8	[EAST?] WITTERING. The bishop held the eastern portion of Selsey peninsula, including one Wittering, as Somerley Hundred; Earl Roger held the western portion, including the other Wittering, as Wittering Hundred. Earl Roger's repulsive son forfeited his lands in 1102, and in all later records the bishop held both [estates in] Wittering. Since Somerley itself is listed in Wittering Hundred, this hundred was probably a recent and temporary creation. Since all other Domesday Sussex hundreds are a geographical unit, it is probable that the Wittering in the bishop's eastern hundred in 1086 was East Wittering (JRM).
	SITES. Hagae, probably in Chichester; the figure is too large for rural hunting enclosures (JRM).
5,1	RYE. The modern name is a corruption of Middle English at ther eye, since the place was an island in marshes until the fourteenth century (see Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 536), and is probably Domesday's 'new borough'. It was formed from the earlier manors of Rameslie and Brede, probably replacing the earlier borough of (H)Eorepeburnan, east of Hastings, see {Introduction: The Rapes}. The account of the borough is omitted; see 9,13 burgesses note (JRM).
5,2	[* EARL *] HAROLD. The name Harold is one of the most common in Domesday Book, occurring over 700 times; but it probably represents fewer than 20 individuals, of whom Earl Harold Godwinson is overwhelmingly the most significant, Harold son of Earl Ralph of Hereford being the only other individual of any consequence. In a large number of cases, unfortunately, the scribe has not given Harold his title. In Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk, for instance, he is described as earl only once in each county (ESS B3k. NFK 3,2. SUF 68,1) though he undoubtedly held a large number of estates in all three, possibly all but two of those recorded in the three counties. In the Godwinson heartland of Sussex, there is little doubt about the identity of the earl where his title is omitted, either the status of the holdings (5,2. 13,7;11), his lordship over men (13,23;25;28), or manorial or family links (10,23;93) confirming his identity. Elsewhere, too, there are surprisingly few cases where there is real cause for uncertainty about identifying the earl: the royal estates, the larger manors, the lordship over men, his territorial predominance in some areas, association with members of his family, and relationships between estates, serve to distinguish him in the majority of cases; but see BUK 17,22 Harold note. Ann Williams, 'Land and Power', discusses Harold's estates and those of his men; and Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 164-91, lists them. Clarke tends to omit the dependencies where Harold is not explicitly named, or holdings named only in satellite texts (CON 4,2. KEN 2,5;41;43). He has also omitted the following: BUK 3a,5. 26,11. 30,1. CHS 8,41. ESS 1,23. HEF 1,56. 17,2. HRT 1,15. 5,5. HUN 13,1-3. NFK 8,33. 9,178; 233. 20,8;19;24;31. 21,16;22;33-34. 22,2-8. 26,3. NTT 3,1-3. OXF 58,30. SUF 1,119. 36,3;5-7;15. 38,21. 39,17. 67,12;17. 76,6;20;23. SUR 26,1. WIL 18,2. 41,1; and the entries for GLS 30,1 and 50,3 have been confused (JP).
5,3	COUNTESS GODA. King Edward's sister; see 11,4 Gytha note (JRM).
		See also 9,23 Goda note (JP)..
6	BISHOP OSBERN [OF EXETER]. Bishop of Exeter 1072-1103. Brother of Earl William of Hereford. He was a chaplain of King Edward when he first received Bosham (JRM).
6,1	BOSHAM. See also HAM 5,1 'Bishop Osbern of Exeter holds Farringdon [SU7135] from the king. Godwin the priest held it from King Edward. It belongs to the church of Bosham' (JRM).
	HUGH SON OF RANULF HOLDS 30 HIDES. See 12,42, Plumpton (JRM).
	RALPH OF QUESNAY, 17 HIDES. See 12,33, Saddlescombe (JRM).
	ACQUIRED IT. After 1066, since he had already relinquished the hides outside the Rape, presumably at King William's confirmation of existing holdings, probably early in 1067 (JRM).
	[WEST] THORNEY. West Thorney, in contrast with Thorney in East Wittering; see Place-names of Sussex, i. p. 62 (JRM).
6,4	[EAST] LAVINGTON. Also called Woolavington (JRM).
8	LAND OF BATTLE CHURCH. The site of the abbey is not entered. It may have been Branshill ('Bramble Hill', Brembelshulle c. 1240: Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 496), preserved as a farm name on the hill above the abbey, since under the abbey's only Surrey holding (Limpsfield, SUR 11,1 and SUR 11,1 "Brameselle" note), Domesday records that Brameselle ('Bramble Hill') belonged to it before 1066. If the site of the abbey was an outlier of a Surrey manor, that manor was necessarily granted to the abbey (JRM).
8,1	YOUNG ALNOTH [* OF KENT *]. Or Aethelnoth, of Canterbury, a prominent Kentish noble (JRM). Young Alnoth, or Alnoth of Kent, was a major landholder in 1066, with several very large holdings in Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Hampshire and Oxfordshire. Apart from the scale of his individual manors he is nearly always distinguished by the title cilt (Young) and by the fact that every one of his holdings devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux apart from the huge manor of Bramley (8,1) used to endow Battle Abbey, and a small property in Buckinghamshire (BUK 17,25) where an Alnoth the Kentishman was lord of the pre-Conquest holder, Edstan. It was probably the modest scale of this holding and its acquisition by a tenant-in-chief other than Odo which caused Peter Clarke to omit this Alnoth from his list: English Nobility, pp. 237-38. However, this is almost certainly Alnoth of Kent. Apart from the description, 'Kentishman', his man Edstan did occur elsewhere on the fief of the Bishop of Bayeux (ESS 18,43), and the name is rare enough to make it likely that this is the same individual, despite the distance between the properties (JP).
8,2	YOUNG ALNOTH [* OF KENT *]. See 8,1 Alnoth note (JP).
8,3	THIS ENTRY and those following as far as 8,16, are in small writing (JRM).
	IN HIS RAPE. Possibly meaning Hastings Rape, in which Battle lies; but possibly meaning the leuga, territory or 'Liberty', of the abbey, for whose government and taxation the abbot was responsible, as were the lords of Rapes in their Rapes (JRM).
	6 HIDES. Possibly a total of the following entries: 8,4-11 total 6 hides; 8,12-15, 2 ½ hides, are possibly those of 8,16 (JRM).
	WULFBALD. See von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 418.
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
8,5	BATHURST. See Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 496. The s and g of Wasingate do not greatly differ in shape (JRM).
8,11	CATSFIELD. Population and value are omitted, by accident or because it was waste (JRM).
8a	THE FIEF was added at the foot of the page, written across both columns, in three lines, without number, presumably because the rest of the numbers had already been entered (JRM).
9,1	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
	REINBERT. Sheriff of Hastings: VCH Sussex, i. p. 352 (JRM).
	"WERELC". Werelc probably for Werenc (JRM).
		In the Phillimore printed edition this name was given as Waring (?). If at some stage in the Domesday process this name had been written Werēc (= Werenc, which might represent Old German Warin; see Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, pp. 246-47, although he does not give this form) it might have been wrongly extended to Werelc. A Werenc was the Count of Eu's subtenant in 9,2;4. Alternatively, if it had been written Wenēc (= Wenenc, a Norman French personal name: Forssner, Continental-Germanic Personal Names, p. 251) - in caroline minuscule n and r, when succeeded by another letter, can easily be confused - the subtenant in the present entry might be the same as the Wenenc who held from the count in 9,8;11 and the Wen(n)enc the priest in 9,6;14;26. However, in view of the uncertainty over this name it has been decided in the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Werelc here and Werenc for 9,2;4.
9,2	"WERENC". See 9,2 "Werelc" note.
9,3	WIBERT. Possibly father of William son of Wibert, vicecomes comitatus, evidently sheriff of all Sussex, early in the twelfth century; see VCH Sussex, i. p. 352 (JRM).
	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. Osward, probably the sheriff of Kent (KEN 1,1), is named as having full jurisdiction in western Kent (KEN D25); he was the predecessor of the Bishop of Bayeux in Kent and Essex and probably also of the only two other holdings of an Osward in Kent, the two substantial manors of Crayford and Sellindge, the former held from the archbishop of Canterbury according to the Domesday Monachorum, and the latter acquired by Hugh de Montfort. Crayford was adjacent to the royal manor of Dartford where Osward the sheriff was active, and Sellindge was in western Kent. Moreover, two wealthy landowners with an uncommon name in one county is unlikely, three very improbable (JP).
		It has been observed that in the absence of documentation - almost always the case with Anglo-Saxon landowners - the search for connections which may indicate a identification 'starts with a scattering of dots across the map of England': Lewis, 'Joining the Dots', p. 80. In the case of Osward, the dots are highly indicative: two concentrations, one in Kent, Sussex and Surrey, the other in western England. Otherwise the map is blank apart from a solitary dot in Nottinghamshire. In the south-east, this pattern offers indications of identification where the usual clues - tenurial associations - fail, due the manner in which the Conqueror carved up Kent and Sussex in particular, and they point to a limited number of individuals, possibly only one. The wealthy manor at Walkingstead (SUR 15,2), and the substantial ones at Addington (SUR 34,1), Pangdean and Ratton (10,35. 12,32), point in the same direction. Additionally, two tenant-in-chief acquired a holding from an Osward in Claverham, and each had one other holding in the neighbourhood from an Osward. Finally, there are three holdings along the south coast of Sussex held by an Osward at both dates (12,24;27) or in 1086 (9,14): more than one survivor with an uncommon name in a limited area is improbable. These three holdings are interspersed with those already discussed, forming a line across southern Sussex and Kent between Muntham (13,15) in the west and Sellindge in the east. It seems more likely than not that the bulk of these holdings, possibly all of them, had belonged to the same individual, allowed to survive on a fraction of his former holdings by his supplanters, as was often the case elsewhere. See also Clarke, English Nobility, whose list omits the holding recorded in the Domesday Monachorum and also SUS 9,4 and 12,24;27;32 (JP).
9,4	"WERENC". See 9,2 "Werelc" note.
9,8	NORTHMANN <OF MEREWORTH>. The name Northmann is not common in the south-east, where all references have been identified as the magnate who had significant legal privileges in eastern Kent (KEN D17). All the holdings of Northmann in Kent, Surrey and Sussex were held directly from the Crown, and several were of a status appropriate to a magnate of regional importance. Although they devolved upon a number of tenants-in-chief, the substantial manors of Nettlestead, Mereworth, Blean, Annington and Camberwell are more likely to have been held by one man rather a number of different wealthy individuals with an uncommon name. There can be less confidence with the smaller properties; but if Peter Clarke is correct in his identification, Northmann was one of the many Anglo-Saxon magnates permitted to survive on a fragment of their previous estates, holding a small part of the manor of Frankwell he had previously held in its entirety, serving moreover as one of a number of men-at-arms in the entourage of the Norman who had supplanted him: Clarke, Domesday Nobility, p. 325 (JP).
9,11	BISHOP ALRIC. Or Aethelric, of Selsey, 1057-1070 (JRM).
	ANSKETIL [* OF RIEUX *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
9,13	20 BURGESSES. Presumably of Hastings (JRM).
9,14	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
9,15	4 ½ HIDES. The 1086 holdings total 4 ½ hides, the 1066 assessment (JRM).
9,16	[***] HOLDS. The holder's name is omitted, presumably accidentally (JRM).
		As the main scribe of Great Domesday did not leave a space, it is possible that Goldwin continued to hold a small part of 'Cortesley' in 1086. (A Goldwin was a 1086 holder in OXF B10 and ESS B3a.)
9,18	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
9,21	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
9,22	GOD [* COUNTESS GODA *]. The Domesday form, God, represents Old English God: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 262. However, it is possible that in this instance God is a scribal error for Goda, the name of the 1066 holder of the adjacent estate in the next entry (9,23); VCH Sussex, i. p. 398, suggests this by putting God(a). The Phillimore printed edition has Goda, as has the Alecto edition. JRM's note does not mention the Domesday form: 'the name could be masculine or feminine; if feminine, it might mean Countess Goda, whose name is commonly written Goda, with comitissa usually added above the line in correction, possibly here overlooked'.
		See also 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,23	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. Countess Goda was the sister of Edward the Confessor, wife of Drogo, Count of Mantes, and mother of Earl Ralph of Hereford; she was probably dead by 1049: see Williams, 'The King's nephew', pp. 327-43 for her lands and family.
		The name, though fairly common, probably represents few individuals which helps to identify the countess where her title has been omitted, although there are complications where the scribe appears to have confused the names God, Goda, Gode, Golde, and even Godo: see Palmer, 'Great Domesday on CD-ROM', Domesday Book, ed. Hallam and Bates, p. 215. Every Goda in the Godwinson heartland of Sussex, however, was probably the countess. In five cases (9,78;80;96;101) the holdings lay in vills where the countess held under her full name, and in several of these she was succeeded by a tenant with the uncommon name of Reinbert. In two other cases (9,23. 10,42), the holdings were substantial ones and close to several others held by the countess. Only Birchgrove is a doubtful. Here (10,110) the holding is tiny and somewhat isolated from the other properties of the countess. Even here, however, the holding was had been held in freehold from the Crown and was subinfeudated to an tenant with the same name as her successor on another holding. Additionally, the Godo of 9,115 and the God of 9,22 may have been the countess since both holdings were close to other holdings of hers and both were subinfeudated to the Reinbert who had acquired several other of her manors. In Devon, the Goda who preceded Ralph of Feugères was very probably the countess, who was his predecessor in Buckinghamshire and Surrey also. In Gloucestershire, it is improbable that the fief of Sigar of Chocques was acquired from two separate individuals named Goda, and the countess is identified in the first entry on the fief. Clarke, English Nobility, omits Countess Goda from his lists (JP).
9,27	EARL LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
9,28	EYELID. The hundred boundary evidently cut through its lands; the value, not stated, is probably included in 9,27 (JRM).
	EARL LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
9,29	EARL LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
9,32	NORTHMANN <OF MEREWORTH>. See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).
9,34	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,35	[IN THE RAPE OF PEVENSEY]. See {Introduction: The Outliers} (JRM).
9,37	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,39	WILTON ABBEY. In Wiltshire, a women's house, richly endowed and rebuilt in stone by Queen Edith, consecrated in 1065; see Freeman, Norman Conquest, ii. p. 520. Domesday shows that the Sussex grants were not confirmed by King William (JRM).
9,40	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,42	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
9,43	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
9,44	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,45	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,47	1 FURLONG. Quarentina, a fourth part, or quarter, commonly used in Domesday for measurements of length, as a quarter of a league. Elsewhere, for a quarter of a virgate, Domesday uses English ferlang, in Sussex, ferdinc (10,117), ferding (11,22), etc. The word is also used for a quarter of a borough, see 9,107 quarter note (JRM).
9,49	[EAST] DEAN. It is probable that all Countess Goda's land in Dene (2 hides less 1 virgate: 9,44;49;80) were East Dean, as expressly stated in 9,44, with the 10 hides of 10,33-34 constituting West Dean (JRM).
	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,50	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,52	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,59	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
9,60	AS A HOLDING. See 11,8 holding note (JRM).
9,61	[IN THE RAPE OF PEVENSEY]. See {Introduction: The Outliers} (JRM).
9,66	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,67	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,68	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,70	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,72	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,73	JEVINGTON. Lovingetone for Iovingetone. The Domesday script, and the returns which it copied, easily confused capital I and L; so also with Yeverington and Lavant, similarly spelt, and with Luet (Lidham: 9,106;113) (JRM).
	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,74	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
9,78	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,80	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,82	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,83	'DRIGSELL'. See Burleigh, 'Deserted Medieval Villages in East Sussex', p. 77 (JRM).
9,86	NORTHMANN <OF MEREWORTH>. See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).
9,87	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. Azur was one of the wealthiest thanes in southern England, his large estate centred in Sussex but spread as far afield as Gloucestershire. The bulk had been held directly from King Edward though several holdings were held from Earls Godwin and Harold. The division of Sussex into Rapes which cut across Anglo-Saxon tenurial arrangements make it impossible to be certain that every one of the Sussex holdings belonged to the same Azur; but the fact that he held from both the King and the earls in the three Rapes where most of his holdings lay, and that he had large manors in all of them, indicate the majority if not all of these holdings were his. The key to his identification in Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, and Surrey, and the link between these counties and his Sussex manors, is provided by a Gloucestershire entry (GLS 1,63) which reveals that Azur sold this manor to the Godwinsons and that it was held illegally in 1086 by Edward of Salisbury, on whom Azur's estates in Wiltshire and some in Surrey devolved. With one exception, the remaining holdings in Surrey, all substantial, were acquired by Richard of Tonbridge; they all lay between Edward of Salisbury's two manors and it is likely they had belonged to same individual. The remaining manor (SUR 8,30), valued at £6, had been granted by Azur to Chertsey Abbey for his soul's sake, the act of a wealthy man. Finally, the three Hampshire properties acquired by Hugh of Port were freehold properties of substance, as was the Berkshire manor of Eddington (BRK 1,28), retained by King William. It may be coincidental but it is apparent that all the tenants-in-chief who shared Azur's holdings held official positions, as sheriffs or lords of liberties. See also Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, pp. 105-106 (who argues that Edward's predecessor may have been a relative of his); Clarke, English Nobility, p. 255-57; and OXF 18,1 Azur note. (JP).
9,88	[IN THE RAPE OF PEVENSEY]. See {Introduction: The Outliers} (JRM).
9,93	BURGHAM. Perhaps Burgham in Etchingham in 'Henhurst' Hundred; but not listed after 9,82, with Reinbert's other manor in 'Henhurst' Hundred. It might be a Pevensey outlier; or a lost place in Pevensey Rape (JRM).
9,94	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
9,96	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,97	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
9,99	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,100	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,101	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,104	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
9,105	ROBERT OF ULCOMBE. Ulcombe is in Kent.
9,106	LIDHAM. Luet, explicitly entered under both Baldslow Hundred and Guestling Hundred; therefore Lidham, on the border between these hundreds (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
	[HE HAS]. Habet omitted before accusative villanum (JRM).
9,107	1 QUARTER. Unum Ferlang. Assessed at 6 hides, value £6. Not a quarter of a virgate; and not a place-name. When spelt, as here, with a capital letter, Ferding, or Ferling, a quarter, is also used for a 'quarter' or 'ward' of a borough, (for example, HUN B1;7, and Winchcombe, GLS 12,10). Here it probably refers to Hastings, on the border of Guestling Hundred, or possibly to Rye (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
9,108	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
9,109	EDNOTH <OF PLAYDEN>. Tenants named Ednoth survived on five estates in 1086, two of them in Sussex, both held from the same tenant-in-chief and so probably both held by the same individual. The other survivors were too distant, and their holdings too modest, to be linked to their Sussex namesake (JP).
9,110	EDNOTH <OF PLAYDEN>. See 9,109 Ednoth note (JP).
9,114	CLAVERHAM. In "Edivestone" Hundred, Pevensey Rape. Perhaps entered here because William so returned his two small holdings; but see 9,115 "Hailesaltede" note (JRM).
	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
	THEIR VALUE. The plural, valuer[unt], is unusual (JRM).
9,115	IN "HAILESALTEDE" HUNDRED. The two places named [9,115-116] are nowhere near this hundred; Chalvington, and possibly also 'Heighton', are in Pevensey Rape. Perhaps a Domesday mistake. But it may be that a manor in "Hailesaltede" Hundred, to which these places were outliers, has been omitted; if so, the heading may be misplaced, and should have come before 9,114. Such misplacement is not uncommon in Domesday (JRM).
	[COUNTESS GODA *]. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,116	'HEIGHTON'. Perhaps the lost Hecton or Heghton in Beckley, in 'Goldspur' Hundred, Hastings Rape (see Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 527). Possibly South Heighton in Pevensey Rape, which is however Estone in Domesday (10,47) (JRM).
9,119	SASWALO <OF NETHERFIELD>. The name Saswalo occurs on thirteen holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing three or four individuals. The tenant of this minuscule holding in Sussex is unlikely to be connected to any of the other, distant holdings (JP).
9,120	5 VIRGATES ARE FOREGONE. Retro, literally either 'in arrears' (of tax), or 'on the other hand', in either case equivalent to 'outside the Rape', usually implying 'never paid tax' (JRM).
9,121	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
9,122	SEDLESCOMBE. Domesday Salescome; Selescome in 9,125-127. Entered under Staple Hundred in Hastings Rape, therefore Sedlescombe in that Rape and hundred; see Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 524. But in all these entries, Domesday states that it 'was outside the Rape' (of Hastings). It was therefore an outlier of a manor in another Rape, probably Salescome (Saddlescombe) in Lewes Rape, which had itself belonged to Bosham Church immediately before 1066; see 12,33 Godwin note. Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 524, suggests a different etymology for the two place-names, on the basis of an alleged 'persistent e ' spelling in Sedlescombe; but e and a spellings are used indifferently for both places (JRM).
	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,123	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
	½ HIDE. Una ['one'] underlined for deletion (JRM).
9,125	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,126	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,127	AND [WHO] HOLDS. Or 'held'; ten[et] normally 'holds', is sometimes also used in Domesday for ten[uit], 'held', here perhaps intended, in view of iacuit, ('lay'), earlier in the entry (JRM).
	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
9,128	ANSKETIL [* OF RIEUX *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
9,129	EDNOTH <OF PLAYDEN>. See 9,109 Ednoth note (JP).
9,130	THERE IS 1 HIDE. There 'is' 1 hide, and it answered for 1 hide, before 1066 and in 1086; but the details total 13 virgates (3 ¼ hides), which correspond to the value of 66s at both dates. The arable had been much extended before 1066, but the assessment had not been raised. Since 'there was nothing but a hall' apparently when acquired, in or after 1067, it had presumably been wasted in 1066, but the damage had been made good (JRM).
	ANSKETIL [* OF RIEUX *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,1	MONKS OF MORTAIN. See also 10,60 Walter note (JRM).
	GILBERT THE SHERIFF. Probably of Pevensey Rape (JRM).
	WILLIAM OF KEYNES. See 2,1g William note.
	ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	ALFRED [* THE BUTLER *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,2	ALFRED [* THE BUTLER *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,6	IN 'TOTNORE' HUNDRED. The heading is misplaced; it should be at 10,11. See 12,6 (JRM).
10,7	WILLIAM OF KEYNES. See 2,1g William note.
10,11	[* YOUNG *] BRICTSI. Young Bricsti held full jurisdiction in western Kent (KEN D25) and is named as the predecessor as Bishop Odo of Bayeux on three occasions. Greenwich (KEN 5,29) and Hatcham (SUR 5,10), acquired by Bishop Odo in western Kent from a Brictsi, were granted to the Bishop of Lisieux; these and the nearby Plumstead (KEN 5,21), probably belonged to the same individual who is unlikely to have been a second Brictsi. Elsewhere in Surrey, Young Bricsti is named as the predecessor of Richard of Tonbridge at Stoke d'Abernon and was probably the Brictsi who held two substantial manors to which Walter son of Other succeeded, the closest a little over five miles away from Stoke. Young Brictsi is not named in Sussex; but the Brictsi who held two valuable manors in south Sussex (11,67 and 13,49) may well be the same individual, and possibly he at Itford (10,11) also. The only other Brictsis holding manors valued at £10 or more were the predecessors of Arnulf of Hesdin in Wiltshire (WIL 25,1), of William of Falaise in Somerset (SOM 27,1), and of Aiulf the chamberlain in Dorset (DOR 49,12), all or each of whom might have been Young Brictsi; but there are no tenurial or other associations to support an identification. See Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 265-66, who attributes the Sussex holdings to Young Brictsi but not those further afield, and Williams, 'Lost Worlds: Kentish Society in the Eleventh Century' (JP).
10,15	ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,20	[* EARL *] GODWIN. Godwin is such a common name that identifying the earl where his title in not supplied is difficult. However, the earl is frequently named: between them, the counties of Sussex, Surrey, Kent and Hampshire can muster fewer than half-a-dozen manors valued at £5 or more held by an unidentified Godwin. In Sussex, Godwin is likely to be the earl at Tilton (10,20-21) since his son held in the same vill (9,43), and at Sheffield, held in freehold from the Crown (10,111). Peter Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 164-169, adds Mayfield (11,118). His list does not include the three manors in Kent said to have been held by Earl Godwin in the Domesday Monachorum (KEN 2,5;41;43). The Domesday entries do not name the 1066 holders (JP).
10,21	[* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,22	ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,23	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
10,27	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,31	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,33	[WEST?] DEAN. See 9,49 Dean note (JRM).
10,34	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
10,35	IN WILLINGDON HUNDRED. The heading is unnecessarily repeated (JRM).
	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
10,38	NORTHMANN <OF MEREWORTH>. See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).
10,39	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,40	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,41	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,42	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,22 Goda note (JRM).
		See also 9,23 Goda note (JP).
	[1] ½ PLOUGHS. The Latin is cum car' 7 dimid'. A figure may have been omitted before car' (JRM).
10,43	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,44	[FROG] FIRLE. The value, not stated, was perhaps included in 10,45 (JRM).
10,45	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,46	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,49	ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,51	IN FREEHOLD. A continental term, alodium, defined as haereditas quam vendere et donare possum ... mea propria ['an inheritance which I can sell and give away ... my very own']; as praedium, id est alodium ['an estate, that is freehold'], from the ninth century on; see Du Cange, Glossarium, under alodium. Landed property not held from a lord. Used in Domesday in the south-east, often with sicut ('like a') for holdings that resembled continental alodium. The Sussex returns identify the Domesday meaning; the same holding, held by the same person, is described in the return of Pevensey Rape as sicut alodium, but in the Hastings Rape return as 'he could go where he would', or 'she was a free woman' (10,56 and 9,47. 10,92 and 9,58); in other counties, libere tenuit, se recedere potuit and similar phrases have the same meaning. The word is not of course at all points identical with modern 'freehold'. In Domesday it is virtually confined to the south and south-east. In Sussex it is used frequently in the returns of Earl Roger and of the Count of Mortain, but not in those of the king, of the churches or of the Count of Eu; in other chapters it is rare (JRM).
10,58	6 SMALLHOLDERS PLOUGH THE HALF. Probably half of their time or services, rather than 'metayage' (JRM).
10,59	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
	HARTFIELD HUNDRED. Partly in Pevensey Rape, partly in Lewes Rape; see 10,96 Grinstead note (JRM).
10,60	WALTER [* OF RICARVILLE *]. Probably of Ricarville, near Dieppe, sheriff of Pevensey about 1095, who deprived the monks of Mortain of lands at Withyham (TQ4935) in Hartfield, which are not reported in Domesday (JRM).
	KARLI <OF NORTON>. Karli was an Anglo-Saxon magnate with estates valued at almost £150, which would place him among the twenty wealthiest landowners after the earls. Most of his estates were granted to Alfred of Marlborough, who succeeded him in five counties. Elsewhere, the Karli who held estates from King Edward in Sussex and Berkshire may well be the same man since these are the only other holdings in the south of England held by a Karli and three of them were of sufficient status for a magnate. In Kent, two sons of Karli, Godric and Godwin, had held valuable manors which were acquired by Bishop Odo. It seems likely that Karli of Norton was their father. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 5, 317-18, who also attributes all the holdings in the south of England to this individual (JP).
	5 PIGS. Unusually, iiiii for v (JRM).
10,61	OUTSIDE THE RAPE. See {Introduction: The Outliers} (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,62	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
10,63	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
10,65	HELGHI <OF WORTH>. See 11,46 Helghi note (JP).
10,67	WOOTTON. Uncertain identification; see Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 412, followed by the Domesday Gazetteer, without query. VCH Sussex, i. p. 415, suggests 'Doddington', which it locates about 2 miles north of Wootton (JRM).
	41s AND 8s[d?]. Perhaps a manuscript error, sol' for den' (JRM).
10,70	WILLINGDON. In Willingdon, not Pevensey, Hundred; the manor had 36 hides, and its lands may have included ½ hide beyond the hundred border (JRM).
10,77	HOOE. Evidently Hooe Level, with coastal salt-pans (JRM).
	SALT-HOUSES. Salina comprehends all kinds of salt workings from coastal pans to the boilers of Worcester and Cheshire, with their associated sheds and buildings. 'Salt-house' is the most comprehensive term (JRM).
10,79	ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	ROGER [* THE CLERIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,80	"LEMAR". In the printed Phillimore edition this name was rendered Leofmer. As von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 309, was unsure as to whether the Domesday form Lemar' represented Old English Leofmær or Old English Leodmær, and left his headword as Lemar, it has been thought safest for the present edition to keep to the Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Lemar. This is the only occurrence of this name-form in Domesday Sussex.
10,83	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
10,84	THE MARGINAL ENTRY repeats 10,82 (JRM).
10,85	HIM [WILLIAM]. The meaning is clear in the Latin, not interrupted by the marginal entry (JRM).
10,86	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
10,87	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
	ALFRED [* THE BUTLER *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
10,91	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
	TOTI <OF CHALVINGTON>. The name Toti occurs on eight holdings, probably representing six individuals. The modest holding of Toti of Chalvington is unlikely to be connected with any other Totis, all of whose properties devolved upon other tenants-in-chief and all of whom were remote (JP).
	HUMPHREY <OF WIGGINGTON>. The distribution of unidentified tenants named Humphrey is skewed in the extreme. In Great Domesday only five tenants-in-chief subinfeudated more than a single holding to a tenant of that name who cannot plausibly be identified from documentary sources: the Bishop of Coutances (2), Odo of Bayeux (2), the Bishop of London (2), William son of Stur (3), and the Count of Mortain (23). The Count of Mortain evidently did not have 23 tenants named Humphrey and may have had only one. The distribution of the Mortain tenants makes this a probability. In three counties - Buckingham, Cornwall, and Northamptonshire - all Humphreys were Mortain tenants; and in the remaining four counties with Mortain tenants named Humphrey, their distribution was distinct from that of other tenants of the same name. See also Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 276 (JP).
10,93	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,95	A MILLER. Probably; but possibly intending molinarium, in the sense of 'mill-site' (JRM).
10,96	IN [EAST] GRINSTEAD HUNDRED. All places except Brambletye were outside the Rape, necessarily in Lewes Rape, where two are expressly stated to lie. Most of them had been outliers of downland Lewes manors, and 'never paid tax' on their own, but through their manors. Rushmonden and Hartfield Hundreds were similarly divided by the Rape boundary, but were all included in the Pevensey chapter, and were later transferred to Pevensey Rape, probably not long after 1086. See {Introduction: The Outliers} (JRM).
10,99	HOLY TRINITY [* OF CANTERBURY *]. Of Canterbury. Wootton (2,2) was held by the archbishop for the monks (JRM).
10,102	KING EDWARD. EDWARD. Manuscript error, e[st] for E[dwardus] (JRM).
	A FORGE. Ferraria, used for a smithy or forge, as, for example, in SUR 8,18; possibly here meaning iron-workings (JRM).
10,105	BRAMBLETYE. Probably Brambletye House, or the moated site across the river (JRM).
10,106	FOLKI. The Phillimore printed edition has Fulk and JRM's note reads: 'von Feilitzen Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 251, 257 distinguishes between Scandinavian Folki, for Fulchi, here, and Old German Fulcwig for Fulcoius (11,14;31-32, in 1066 and 1086) and Fulcui (14,1 and SUR 27,3, in 1066); but does not list the 1086 landholders north of the Thames, e.g. Fulcui (HUN 11,1); Fulcui and Fulcheius (in Cambridgeshire); Fulcuius and Fulco (Shropshire), in both cases probably the same person. Since Fulcwig is virtually unknown among the numerous Old English Folc- names, all these spellings are probably variants of the common Norman Fulco, which, like other Norman names, reached Sussex before 1066. Fulcoius looks like a Latin ending added to Fulco.'
		For the present edition it has been decided to follow von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 251, and have Old Norse/Old Danish Folki for the Domesday Fulchi. The Alecto edition has Folki.
	LAVANT. Probably Mid Lavant (11,5) in Chichester Rape, though the other named manors in this section were in Lewes Rape. Jevington, occasionally spelt without a g (Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 421) and Yeverington are possible alternatives (see 9,73 Jevington note), but both were in Pevensey Rape (JRM).
10,107	STANDEN. Exceptionally listed as now assessed in a Pevensey manor, though formerly in a Lewes manor; but still 'outside the Rape' of Pevensey (JRM).
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
10,110	[* COUNTESS *] GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
	BALMER. Manuscript error, Bergeinere for Bergemere (JRM).
10,111	[* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,114	KARLI <OF NORTON>. See 10,60 Karli note (JP).
10,115	WARNER <OF BARKHAM>. Warner is not a common name in Domesday Book, occurring less than two dozen times, and on only half-a-dozen holdings in southern England. In view of the rarity of the name in the region, the two modest Sussex holdings may have belonged to the same individual, although there are no tenurial associations to support this, though this has little negative force in Sussex due to the allocation of land by Rapes (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
10,116	ALAN [* OF DUCEY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	'INWQOD'. Manuscript jnode, one word, not in Ode. For the occasional use of a small letter for capital, see 10,102 (JRM).
	NEW MINSTER ^[OF WINCHESTER]^. Winchester (Hyde) Abbey (JRM).
	10 SHILLINGS. The manuscript has a gap between x and ., sufficient to permit xii or xiii (JRM).
10,117	HUMPHREY <OF WIGGINGTON>. See 10,91 Humphrey note (JP).
10,118	MAYFIELD. Probably Mesewelle for Megevelle; see Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 381. Capital S and G are somewhat similar in 8,5, as in other eleventh-century hands; Domesday may have misread the return it copied (JRM).
	[* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,2	ST NICHOLAS [* OF ARUNDEL *]. Of Arundel (JRM).
	ROUGH CORN. Rye, or a mixture of corns including rye (JRM).
	ROBERT SON OF THEOBALD. Sheriff of Arundel. On his death bed, in 1087, he bequeathed Toddington (11,61), to Saint-Martin of Sées, with his wife Emma, the witnesses including Robert, the priest of Petworth (11,18), Corbelin (11,23;31), Hamelin (11,27-29) and Turstin (11,20); see Round, Calendar of Documents, France, cited in VCH Sussex, i. p. 378. Probably all the holdings of 'Robert' from Earl Roger were his (JRM).
		See also Keats Rohan, Domesday People, p. 386 (JP).
11,3	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,4	COUNTESS GYTHA. Wife of Earl Godwin, mother of King Harold; in some counties she is confused with her namesake, wife of Earl Ralph, whose son was also named Harold, and is sometimes wrongly entered as Goda (JRM).
11,5	IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. Hugh de Grandmesnil had a son, Ivo, who died in the White Ship disaster (Ordericus Vitalis, Ecclesiastical History, vi. 304-305). He may be the Ivo recorded here, who also held land from Hugh in Leicestershire (LEC 13,35;44;50-51;65) and Northamptonshire (NTH 23,9;12): the name Ivo is uncommon and the office of steward an honourable one: see Mason, 'Barons and their Officials', Anglo-Norman Studies, vol. xiii (1991), p. 256. He may also have held land from the earl of Shrewsbury in Sussex: Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 282 (JP).
	LAVANT. Probably Mid Lavant, since East and West Lavant were the archbishop's (2,7) (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,6	10 PLOUGHS. Manuscript .x.c at the end of the line; c is the first letter of car', beginning the next line, and should have been deleted (JRM).
11,8	ROBERT SON OF THEOBALD. See 11,2 Robert note.
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
	ROBERT ^[SON OF THEOBALD]^. See 11,2 Robert note.
	AS A HOLDING. Feudum translates Old English feoh, normally meaning 'possessions', 'property', 'holding' in general; see, for example, 2,1 de feudo. But in feudo, as here and in 9,60, and occasionally elsewhere, describes a special kind of English grant, before 1066, and sometimes afterwards. Here, as the whole manor was held for life only, Offa's 2-hide manor was presumably also held by a grant for a lifetime. Other instances may denote a grant for a fixed period, or otherwise revocable, not necessarily for life. Feudum was not used in England before 1066, and in Domesday neither it nor feuum (feoff) appear to have yet acquired their twelfth-century connotation (JRM).
11,9	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,10	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,11	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,12	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,13	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,14	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,15	WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
11,16	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,17	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. Correcting Ralph (Radulf'), with deletion mark omitted (JRM).
		See also 11,2 Robert note (JP).
11,18	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	189 EELS. Deletion mark under ix perhaps omitted, intending 180 (JRM).
11,19	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,20	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,21	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl; see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
11,22	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	WHEN ACQUIRED. Post ['later'] deleted, cum recepit ['when he acquired it'] substituted (JRM).
11,23	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	FRAWIN [* OF CORNWALL *]. Frauuinus: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 252-53, was unable to account satisfactorily for the derivation.
		Frawin occurs on seven holdings distributed between Cornwall and Sussex, and on an eighth occasion as Frawin of Kirtling among a list of Cambridgeshire jurors. Despite the dispersed nature of these references, it is likely that seven, if not all eight, refer to one individual. A Frawin appears both as a thane with a modest holding on one of the Count of Mortain's manors in Devon in 1066 (DEV 15,47 note) and as one of his tenants in Cornwall in 1086 (5,24,21). Given the rarity of the name, it is improbable that two individuals are involved, a significant point since it establishes the likelihood that the Frawins of 1066 and 1086 do, in fact, represent the same name. This makes it likely that the Frawin with a modest holding in Wiltshire in 1086 (WIL 68,18) is the same man since two survivors with such a rare name is implausible. It is perhaps relevant that this holding is adjacent to two of the properties of the Count of Mortain (WIL 20,1-2). If these deductions are correct, then the three remaining holdings of Frawin in 1066 are likely to have been held by the same individual. It is perhaps unlikely that a man who may have become sheriff of Cornwall in the reign of Henry I (Keats Rohan, Domesday People, p. 199) was also a juror in Cambridgeshire in 1086; but even this cannot be confidently ruled out since, as already noted, the survival of two Anglo-Saxons with a rare name is statistically improbable, the survival of three such even more so. Moreover, a man who lost one inheritance, built the nucleus of another in two different and widely separated areas, and prospered to the extent that he or his descendant could offer 300 gold marks for the recovery of his lands, was clearly a man who put himself about (JP).
11,24	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,25	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,26	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
11,27	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,30	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,31	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	MARDEN. 'Down on the border' (of Hampshire), originally including Compton: Place-names of Sussex, i. p. 51. The four Domesday entries presumably concern North Marden, West Marden, East Marden and Up Marden; only the last, whose church was held by Engelhere's heirs (11,33), seems identifiable (JRM).
11,32	IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. See 11,5 Ivo note (JP).
11,34	AZO [* BIGOT *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
11,36	COMPTON. See SUR 18,1 'In Wotton Hundred Earl Roger has 1 hide from the king, which lies in [the lands of] his manor of Compton in Sussex. Before 1066 the holder of Compton held this hide from the king' (JRM).
	ESBIORN. Possibly Esbiorn Big, an important landowner in Kent; see KEN 5,42 Esbiorn note (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,37	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
	1500 PIGS. The holding was probably in the woodland in the north of the Rape (JRM).
11,38	[* EARL *] GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,39	EARL TOSTI. See 13,37 Tosti note (JP).
11,40	WARIN <OF EYTON>. This Warin, distinct from Warin the sheriff (SHR 4,3,8;71), was a tenant of Earl Roger in both Shropshire and Sussex; he was succeeded by the de Eyton family, named from Eyton upon the Weald Moors (SHR 4,14,18). He may have been their ancestor: VCH Shropshire, xi. p. 139; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 461.
11,41	ALCHERE <OF LE PIN>. The name Alchere occurs fifteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing four individuals. It is likely that all occurrences of this name in Shropshire (SHR 4,3,4;60;65;71. 4,27,35) refer to the same individual and that he was also Earl Roger's tenant at Mundham in Sussex. He was apparently the ancestor of the Fitz Ayer family. See Williams, The English and the Norman Conquest, p. 91; Lewis, 'Introduction', Shropshire Domesday, p. 19; Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 134 (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,44	IN WITTERING HUNDRED. See 3,8 Wittering note (JRM).
11,45	WARIN <OF EYTON>. See 11,40 Warin note.
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,46	REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	HELGHI <OF SOMERLEY>. Helghi is a rare name, occurring only in Sussex and Nottinghamshire. Of the three Sussex holdings, the two which devolved upon Earl Roger of Shrewsbury (here and 11,116), both subinfeudated to Reginald, are likely to have belonged to the same individual before the Conquest. The tenant of the Count of Mortain at Worth (10,65), some 50 miles away, might be the same individual given the rarity of the name, its free tenure under King Edward (as 11,46), and the reasonably substantial nature of his holding; but there are no other links to confirm this though the allocation of land to tenants-in-chief by Rapes makes this negative factor of little significance in Sussex (JP).
11,47	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,48	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,49	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,50	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,51	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,52	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,53	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	WARIN <OF EYTON>. See 11,40 Warin note.
11,55	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. See 11,5 Ivo note (JP).
11,56	ERNUCION <OF KINNERLEY>. The name Ernucion occurs four times in Domesday Book, three times as a tenant of Earl Roger of Shrewsbury, once as a tenant of the abbey of St Albans (BRK 12,1). Given the rarity of the name, this tenant could be the same man as the tenant of the earl, as suggested by Keats-Rohan, Domesday People, p. 191. A John son of Ernucion occurs in Essex (ESS 40,1)
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,57	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,58	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,60	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,61	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,63	'NUNMINSTER'. Probably West Preston; see Allcroft, Waters of Arun, p. 97; Fisher, Saxon Churches of Sussex, p. 141. The editor is indebted to Mr. G.R. Burleigh for this identification and these references (JRM).
	ESMUND [SMELT] THE PRIEST. The manuscript has Esmund, in error; see von Feilitzen Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 367. Old English Eastmund, always with a -t- is well evidenced only for the ninth century, dying out in the thirteenth century, after a few sporadic survivals, one of them in Domesday (SUF 1,102: Estmunt). Modern Esmond appears to derive from Thackeray's, The History of Henry Osmond Esq., a Colonel in the Service of Her Majesty Queen Anne, written by Himself, published in 1852 (revised edition 1858) (JRM).
11,65	WARIN <OF EYTON>. See 11,40 Warin note.
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,67	REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	[* YOUNG *] BRICTSI. See 10,11 Brictsi note (JP).
11,68	LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
11,69	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,70	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,71	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,72	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,73	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,75	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,76	ST MARTIN'S OF SEES. MARTIN. The manuscript has Marun, in error (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,77	COUNTESS GODA. See 9,23 Goda note (JP).
11,78	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
11,79	ROBERT [* SON OF THEOBALD *]. See 11,2 Robert note.
	IVO [* OF GRANDMESNIL *]. See 11,5 Ivo note (JP).
11,85	ERNUCION <OF KINNERLEY>. See 11,56 Ernucion note (JP).
11,87	WARIN <OF EYTON>. See 11,40 Warin note.
11,88	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,92	AZO [* BIGOT *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
11,93	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
11,94	WARIN <OF EYTON>. See 11,40 Warin note.
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,95	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,96	ACARD [* THE PRIEST *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,97	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,98	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,99	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
11,105	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
11,108	AUGUSTINE. Domesday Austin represents Old French Austin or Latin Augustinus: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 169.
		The form Augustine occurs twice in Domesday Book (also in STS 11,24), Austin four times (SHR 4,3,44. 4,21,12. 4,28,1), all holding modest properties in 1066, five of which devolved upon Earl Roger of Shrewsbury. Were it not for the fact that one of the Shropshire entries records 'another' Austin (SHR 4,3,44), all five could be attributed to the same individual, and possibly all six. It seems likely that one or other of the Austins shared them (JP).
11,110	[* EARL *] GYRTH. Although the name Gyrth occurs more than 150 times in Domesday Book, it is probable that all pre-Conquest occurrences (only two are post-Conquest) refer to one individual, Earl Gyrth Godwinson, King Harold's brother. Despite the fact that he is identified by his title in scarcely one case in seven, two principle factors aid his identification elsewhere: the massive disproportion in the distribution of the name, fewer than two dozen holdings being outside East Anglia (where Gyrth was the earl), and the heavy preponderance of Gyrth as a lord of men rather than as a landowner in his own right. Additionally, the Gyrth holding a large number of royal manors in Norfolk and Suffolk is evidently the earl; and he can also be identified as the predecessor of Hardwin of Scales in Cambridgeshire and Hertfordshire. In the few cases outside East Anglia where unidentified Gyrths are recorded, the status of the holding and other factors indicate the earl. In the Sussex heartland of the Godwinsons, for instance, the two substantial manors of Coombes and Merston (13,19. 11,110) were almost certainly held by the earl: apart from their status, both are adjacent to other Godwinson manors, Coombes being close to Earl Gyrth's own huge manor of Washington (13,9). Similar considerations suggest that the handsome manors of Hartley Mauditt (BRK 30,1) and Eaton Hastings (HAM 35,2), both held in freehold from the Crown, had also belonged to the earl. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 194-200, whose list omits NFK 9,159. 29,9. 34,9. 52,3. 57,1 and SUF 7,75. 21,30;62. 31,34. 74,7 (JP).
11,116	REGINALD [* THE SHERIFF *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	HELGHI <OF SOMERLEY>. Note to be supplied (JP).
12,1	THE KING HAS THE ADULTEROUS MAN. Meaning the fine from the man (JRM).
	TWO PARTS WERE. sunt corrected to erant (JRM).
	EARL [* HAROLD *]. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
12,4	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
12,5	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
	163 VILLAGERS. In the manuscript cxlxiii has been emended by deletion mark to clxiii (JRM).
12,6	IN SWANBOROUGH HUNDRED. [* IN STREAT HUNDRED *]. Swanborough is a manuscript error for Streat. See 10,6 (JRM).
12,9	EARL. So also in HUN 14,1, comes Willelmus, evidently intending William of Warenne (HUN 13). He is never called comes in relation to Normandy. He was created Earl of Surrey in or soon after 1087. It seems probable that these entries were written after that date (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,10	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,12	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
12,13	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,16	[IN FALMER HUNDRED]. The heading should have been placed before, not after, Balmer (JRM).
12,18	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
12,19	ALDGYTH <OF WINTERBOURNE>. The name Aldgyth occurs eighteen times in Domesday Book, probably representing a dozen individuals. The tenant of this modest holding is unlikely to be related to any others, all too distant to be plausibly connected (JP).
12,20	IN THE HALF-HUNDRED OF ALDRINGTON. Called a hundred in 13,28 (JRM).
12,21	WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
12,22	BENFIELD. [Domesday Esmerewic]; see Burleigh, 'Deserted Medieval Villages in East Sussex', p. 77 and references there cited (JRM).
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
12,23	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
12,24	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
12,26	PAYTHORNE. See Place-names of Sussex, ii. p. 285 (JRM).
12,27	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
12,28	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,29	SHIPLEY. Omitted in Domesday. In [West] Grinstead Hundred. This hundred, with its neighbour, Steyning Hundred, is given 235 hides; if Shipley were a 5-hide manor, the total would be 240 (JRM).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
12,30	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,32	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
	2 CARUCATES. Evidently for 'land for 2 ploughs'; car' abbreviates ca(r)rucatas, occasionally used elsewhere in this sense, see {Appendix}unless there is an manuscript error (JRM).
12,33	RALPH [* OF QUESNAY *]. Of Quesnay; see 6,1 (JRM).
	SADDLESCOMBE. See 9,122 Sedlescombe note, and 6,1 Ralph note (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. In 6,1 both Saddlescombe and Plumpton (12,42) are said to have belonged to the Church of Bosham, held by (Bishop) Osbern from King Edward. In chapter 12 (William of Warenne's return) both were said to have been held from Earl Godwin by Godwin the priest. Godwin the priest, presumably of Bosham, also held East Lavington from Osbern in 1086. They had perhaps been granted to Osbern after Godwin's death (JRM). See also 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,34	RALPH [* OF QUESNAY *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
12,35	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	THEN THERE WERE 2 HALLS; NOW [IT IS] IN 1 MANOR. Here Domesday defines the manor as a place with a hall, and therefore with the jurisdiction attached thereto (JRM).
12,36	ROBERT HOLDS. A gap in the manuscript between Rotbertus and de, where possibly a duplicate ten[et] has been erased (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,37	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
12,38	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
12,39	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
12,40	LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
12,42	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,45	VALUE 12s. denar' partly erased in manuscript, corrected to sol' (JRM).
12,47	BEEDING. In Bramber Rape, as stated, here included with Hugh's Lewes return (JRM).
12,48	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
12,49	7 HIDES ... 4 HIDES LESS ½ VIRGATE. Wulfeva held 7 hides in Earl Roger's Rape, Arundel (11,69), and 4 hides from the Count of Mortain (10,109), which were 'outside the Rape' of (Pevensey), in the lands of Hamsey, in Lewes Rape, evidently the 4 hides less 1 virgate here listed. Domesday has here inverted the figures. She also held a 2-hide manor in [East] Grinstead [Hundred] from the Count of Mortain, in Lewes Rape (10,100).
12,50	WARNER <OF BARKHAM>. See 10,115 Warner note (JP).
12,52	½ PLOUGH. The manuscript has dim' v'car'. The v is evidently virgate, corrected to car', but not marked for deletion (JRM).
12,53	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
13,1	BEEDING. Perhaps including Lower Beeding (TQ2227), in the same Rape and hundred (JRM).
	SESTER. A measure, usually of liquid, of uncertain and probably variable size (JRM).
	HEARTH-TAX. Herdigelt, probably with this meaning, not reported elsewhere in Domesday by that name, but called fumagium ('smoke-payment' or 'hearth-payment') in Herefordshire (HEF l,49) (JRM).
13,2	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,3	BERTH. Omitted from Domesday (JRM).
13,5	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
13,6	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,7	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,8	NORTHMANN <OF MEREWORTH>. See 9,8 Northmann note (JP).
13,9	EARL GYRTH. See 11,110 Gyrth note (JP).
13,11	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,13	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,14	KARLI <OF NORTON>. See 10,60 Karli note (JP).
13,17	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,18	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,19	[* EARL *] GYRTH. See 11,110 Gyrth note (JP).
13,20	LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,23	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,24	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
13,25	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,26	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
13,27	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	2 CATTLE. Animalia, in the Liber Exoniensis and elsewhere commonly called animalia otiosa, 'idle animals', beef, dairy etc. cattle, in contrast with ploughing oxen (JRM).
13,28	RALPH [* OF BUCY *]. Of Bucy, from whom the place was called Kingston-Bucy, corrupted to Kingston-by-Sea; see Place-names of Sussex, i. p. 245 (JRM).
	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,29	[* EARL *] HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,30	ROBERT [* SAVAGE *]. Probably Robert Savage, whose heirs held most of these lands: VCH Sussex, i. p. 447 (JRM).
	BROADWATER. See HAM 69,40: 'In Kingsclere Hundred Alwin White holds 2 hides... Alwin held this land before 1066 under Wigot [* of Wallingford *] for protection; now he holds it under Miles [* Crispin *], and it was delivered to Wigot by Humphrey Visdeloup in exchange for Broadwater, as he himself states; but the hundred knows nothing of it.' (JRM).
	WIGOT [* OF WALLINGFORD *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
13,31	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,33	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,35	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,36	[* EARL *] LEOFWIN. The name Leofwin is so common that it is an almost hopeless task to identify the earl of that name if the scribe has omitted his title. Even in the Sussex heartland of the Godwinson family where Leofwins are suspiciously thick on the ground, there are few cases where a reasonably secure identification can be suggested. It is likely, for instance, that most if not all of the substantial manors held by a Leofwin in the county (11,21;68. 12,40. 13,20;38;43) had belonged to the earl; but which of them is guesswork. Only in the case of Worthing and Sompting (13,36-40), where the interdependence of holdings and the coincidence of the names of Earl Godwin, Leofwin and Tosti suggest a family holding, has an identification been accepted as reasonably secure. Outside the county, it is probable that the Leofwins at Islington (MDX 11,2) and Libury (HRT 5,10) were the earl since no other Leofwin was a lord of men in Middlesex and other men held from the earl in Libury. It is also likely that it was the earl who held the substantial manor of Rampisham in Dorset (DOR 4,1) since this devolved upon the Bishop of Bayeux who succeeded Earl Leofwin in several other counties. Finally, Count Eustace of Boulogne probably acquired his very valuable manors of Stanford and Laver (ESS 20,43;45) from the earl, these being by a very considerable margin the most valuable manors held by a Leofwin in Essex. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 200-203, who omits from his list the substantial manors held by the earl's men in Hemel Hempstead and King's Langley (HRT 15,10-11) (JP).
13,37	[* EARL *] TOSTI. Although the name Tosti occurs almost 100 times in Domesday Book it is not a common name since it was borne by few individuals. Once holdings plausibly be attributed to the earl and Tosti of Sawtry (see LIN 4,17 Tosti note) have been excluded, only five holdings remain, probably held by four individuals, all of them of minor landholders. In the absence of other significant landholders of his name, the task of identifying the earl where he is not accorded his title is simplified. There can be little doubt, for instance, that the Tosti who held the huge royal manor of Falsgrave (YKS 1Y3) was the earl, as also the royal manor of Hemingbrough (YKS 1Y3). The scale, status, and absence of other suitable candidates also make it likely that he had held the substantial manors at Polhampton (HAM 31,1), Buckworth (HUN 10,1), Bingham (NTT 9,97) and, less certainly, the anonymous holding from Guy of Raimbeaucourt in Northamptonshire (NTH 41,2). The Tosti who held Halmonds Frome from Queen Edith is also likely to have been the earl; and since no tenant-in-chief will have had two predecessors with the same uncommon name, he will have been the Tosti who held Putley, if the Thostin of that holding is, in fact, a Tosti (HEF 10,4;29). The Tosti of IoW7,22 is shown to be the earl by the link with his manor of Freshwater (IoW1,5), and there can be no doubt that the Tosti who 'went from England' of NFK 10,83 was the earl also. Finally, the Tosti who held a minuscule property at Worthing (13,37) was probably also the earl since his father and brother held in the same vill and the holding 'lay in' the large manor of Sompting, held from the Crown by a Leofwin who was surely the earl, his brother. See Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 191-94, who omits HAM S2 and NTH 41,2 from his list (JP).
	[* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
13,38	[* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
	2 HIDES ARE IN EARL ROGER'S RAPE, IN GORING. 3 ½ HIDES ELSEWHERE. An alternative but less likely translation is '2 hides are in Roger's Rape. In Goring and elsewhere are 3 ½ hides' (JRM).
13,39	[* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
13,40	[* EARL *] LEOFWIN. See 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
13,41	EARL HAROLD. See 5,2 Harold note (JP).
13,42	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,43	LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
13,44	RALPH [* SON OF THEODRIC *]. Note to be supplied (JP).
	LEOFWIN. Possibly the earl: see 13,36 Leofwin note (JP).
13,45	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
13,46	HOE. The name is preserved by Hoecourt Barn; see Place-names of Sussex, i. p. 200 (JRM).
	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,47	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,49	[* YOUNG *] BRICTSI. See 10,11 Brictsi note (JP).
13,50	OSWARD [* OF NORTON *]. See 9,3 Osward note (JP).
13,51	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,53	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
13,54	IFIELD HUNDRED. The manuscript has Tifeld, from Old English aet Ifeld (JRM).
	WILLIAM SON OF RANULF. William of Ifield was one of the archbishop's milites, see SSX 2 archbishop note (JRM).
13,55	AZUR <OF SLINDON>. See 9,87 Azur note (JP).
13,57	EARL GODWIN. See 10,20 Godwin note (JP).
14,2	ALDRED [* BROTHER OF ODO *]. Brother of Odo (of Winchester) (JRM).
	OUALET. Or possibly Ovalet. The name is not otherwise known (JRM).