NOTES
(version 1a)

WORCESTERSHIRE. The main scribe of Great Domesday wrote the running title WIRECESTRESCIRE in vermilion capitals across the top of folio 172 ab, centred above both columns. He abbreviated it to WIREC'SCIRE on folios 172cd to 177cd. There is no running head on folio 178 a-d, most of which is blank.

C1	THE CITY OF WORCESTER. Details of burgesses and buildings are scattered across the Worcestershire folios:

Estate and reference	Houses or Messuages*	Burgesses	Payment	
Kidderminster (1,2)
Northwick (2,49)
Worcester (2,51)
Worcester (10,17)

Halesowen (14,1)
Astley (15,9)
Pedmore (23,12)
Witton (24,1)
'Osmerley' (26,2)
Upton Warren (26,15)
Chaddesley Corbett (28,1)
Martley (HEF 1,39)
Hollow Court (HEF 1,41)
Feckenham (HEF 1,41)
Bushley (HEF 1,44)
Suckley (HEF 1,47)
Coddington (HEF 2,32)	1 house†
90 houses‡
25 houses§
23 messuages plus 5 unoccupied ones
1 house

2 messuages

1 house

3 houses
1 house
2 houses
1 house

3 messuages	

2 burgesses

1 burgess

1 burgess
2 burgesses

1 burgess	

100s

20s
12d
2s
2s
2s
16d
2s
12d
12d
2 ploughshares
nothing
1 silver mark
nothing
30d	

	* For the purposes of computation, houses, messuages and burgesses are taken as interchangeable.
	† This house and another in Droitwich pay 10d. together; see 1,2 pay note.
	‡ Of these, the Bishop of Worcester holds 45, Urso the sheriff holds 24, Osbern son of Richard holds 8, Walter Ponther holds 11 and Robert the bursar holds 1; see 2,49 houses note.
	§ These houses are said to be in Worcester market-place and might roughly duplicate the 24 held by Urso the sheriff.
	THE COINAGE WAS CHANGED. Similar entries are found elsewhere, for example, SUS 12,1; DOR B1-4.
	20s. Domesday uses the old English currency system which lasted for a thousand years until 1971. The pound contained 20 shillings, each of 12 pence, abbreviated £(ibrae), s(olidi) and d(enarii). Domesday often expresses sums above a shilling in pence (for example, 40d in 2,4 instead of 3s 4d), and above a pound in shillings (for example, 100s for £5 in C2).
	AT LONDON. Or 'to London', if they did not collect them. HEF C9 implies a journey to London to fetch the dies.
	15 HIDES. Counted as part of 'Fishborough' Hundred (10,2 'Fishborough' note).
		The hide is a unit of land measurement, either of productivity or of extent or of tax liability and contained 4 virgates. Administrations attempted to standardize the hide at 120 acres, but incomplete revision and special local reductions left hides of widely differing extents in different areas; see SUS {Appendix}.
	EARL EDWIN. Earl of Mercia c. 1063-70; son of Algar who was also Earl of Mercia.
C2	SHERIFF ^[OF WORCESTERSHIRE]^. Urso of Abetot; see WOR 26 Urso note.
	THE KING'S LORDSHIP MANORS. Bromsgrove, Kidderminster and Droitwich, 1,1-3.
	BY WEIGHT. In contrast to ad numerum ('at face value'); a simple means of avoiding financial losses caused by clipping or alloying of coins.
	AT 20 [PENCE] TO THE "ORA". An "ora" was literally an ounce; a unit of currency still in use in Scandinavia. It was reckoned at either 16d or 20d. The 16d rate was the normal rate. The 20d rate was primarily a unit of account, found on estates in the king's hands, and was payment 'at face value'. For every 16d due in revenue, 20d was collected, the result being equivalent to a payment in 'blanched' or assayed money (see GLS 1,58: reddunt xl libras alborum nummorum de xx in ora, 'they pay £40 of blanched money at 20 [pence] to the "ora"). Assaying, testing by fire and 'blanching' were processes of melting a sample of coin to test for alloy or baser metal. See Harvey, ‘Royal Revenue and Domesday Terminology'; Dialogus de Scaccario, p. 125.
	A NORWEGIAN HAWK ... A PACKHORSE. Similar payments are made to the king and queen in NTH B36. WAR B4. WIL B2. Only here is the source of the revenue (the county and hundred courts) stated. The Norwegian hawk was probably a Gyr Falcon (or Gerfalcon), falco rusticolus, much prized by nobles and kings in the Middle Ages; three varieties of falcon are recognized, the Iceland, the Greenland and the Norwegian.
	£16 AT FACE VALUE. The sum is made up from £10 of pence at 20 to the "ora", 100s at face value, and 20s at 20 [pence] to the "ora".
	PLEAS OF THE COUNTY AND FROM THE HUNDREDS. That is, revenue from the county and hundred courts.
C3	12 HUNDREDS. That is, seven ecclesiastical hundreds (the triple Hundred of 'Oswaldslow', the triple Hundred of Pershore (but containing 200 hides belonging to the Church of Westminster) and 'Fishborough' Hundred), with five other hundreds ('Came', Clent, 'Cresslow', 'Doddingtree' and 'Ash'); see {Introduction: Hundreds}.
	EXEMPT. Latin quieti, commonly in Domesday meaning 'immune from dues or service' (as in HEF 1,44), 'free from tax'; or 'quit', 'settled', 'discharged'. See Revised Medieval Latin Word-List, under quietantia; and 2,74 discharged note. The exempt hundreds are those of the churches.
C4	HIGHWAY ROBBERY. Forestellum, that is, 'waylaying' or 'ambushing'.
	HOUSE-BREAKING. Heinfaram, 'breaking into a house' or 'breach of the peace within a house'.
	CORPORAL PUNISHMENT. Ordeal or mutilation; see Ellis, General Introduction to Domesday Book, i. p. 281. But in SUS 12,1 (the borough of Lewes) only a fine is involved.
	EXCEPTION ... WESTMINSTER ... KING EDWARD. See WOR 8 Westminster note and 8,1: 'King Edward held this manor and gave it to this church as exempt and freed from every claim ...'.
	AS THE COUNTY STATES. The county court.
C5	FULL JURISDICTION. The fullest authority normally exercized by a lord; see Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, pp. 80-107.
	CAN GO WITH HIS LAND WHERE HE WOULD. He is free to choose any lord as his patron and protector of his lands. Many other lands were 'tied' to a particular manor or lord, as is seen in 1,1c. 2,1 etc.
L	NOTES CONCERNING major landholders are to be found at the head of their individual chapters.
L13	THE CLERICS OF WOLVERHAMPTON. Latin clerici here, presbiteri (' priests') in the chapter, which is numbered but has no heading.
L22	HAROLD SON OF RALPH. 'Harold son of Earl Ralph' at the head of the chapter.
L28	ALDEVA. The chapter is numbered on folio 178a, but has no heading. See WOR 28 chapter note.
1	THE MANUSCRIPT, followed by Farley, does not give a number to chapter 1, as happens in several Domesday counties.
1,1a	[IN 'CAME' HUNDRED]. This hundred head is supplied from 'Evesham A162'; see {Appendix}.
	BROMSGROVE. The corresponding entries in 'Evesham A162-167' are arranged differently; see {Appendix}. Grafton appears in 'Evesham A163' as 5 hides. Woodcote is Odenecote Roberti, 3 hides in 'Evesham A164'. Cooksey ( 'Evesham A165'), 2 ½ hides formerly held by Ernheit, now by William and Herbrand from Urso, is similar to 26,12, also held by the same men from Urso, but details of value, hidage and T.R.E. holder differ: there were probably two estates there in 1086 (1,1c Cooksey note). Details of the 2 hides 3 virgates of 'Willingwick' (1,1c) are given by 'Evesham A166'. The entry includes pigs and sheep, which feature in the Liber Exoniensis and in Little Domesday, but were eliminated from Great Domesday. Chadwick is given in 'Evesham A167'; Northwick in 'Evesham A168'. Discussion in Sawyer, 'Evesham A: a Domesday text', pp. 20-21.
	18 OUTLIERS. A number have been lost in the expansion of Birmingham.
	`LINDSWORTH'. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 355; the name survives in Lindsworth Road and Lindsworth Approach in the eastern part of Kings Norton parish.
	WYTHALL. Domesday Warthuil; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 358.
	WYTHWOOD. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 358
	HOUNDSFIELD. See Rotuli Hundredorum, ii. p. 283.
	'TESSALL'. This name now survives now as Tessall Lane in Kings Norton; a Tessall Garage stands on the site of the former Tessall Farm.
	REDNAL. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 356.
	LEA [GREEN]. It is in Kings Norton, together with Houndsfield and Wythwood (parts of the ecclesiastical parish of Wythall) and is still in Worcestershire, the rest of the parish of Kings Norton being transferred to Birmingham in 1911; see {Introduction: County Boundary}. Domesday Gazetteer maps it in Warwickshire, north-east of Kings Norton. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 334-54.
	`COMBLE'. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 340.
	`TYNSALL'. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 363; VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 24. The site can be traced approximately from the fact that it was lordship land of Bordesley Abbey in the manor of Hewell: Valor Ecclesiasticus, iii. p. 271.
	`SHURVENHILL'. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 343.
	A BEADLE. An under-bailiff, subordinate to a reeve, unpopular, with minor police functions; see Ellis, General Introduction to Domesday Book, i. p. 247.
	13 SALT-HOUSES. See 1,3a salt-houses note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	300 MEASURES OF SALT. Mittas salis; a mitta was commonly reckoned as 8 bushels. See VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 270; VCH Worcestershire, ii. p. 257; Habington, Survey of Worcestershire, ii. p. 297.
	6 LEAD VATS. For boiling the brine; see 1,3a brine-pits note.
1,1b	SUCKLEY. The abstraction is mentioned in X 3 where it is said to be in 'Doddingtree' Hundred. The estate is fully surveyed in HEF 1,47 where it is stated to lie in Worcestershire.
	EARL WILLIAM. William son of Osbern (William Fitz Osbern), brother of Bishop Osbern of Exeter. He was 'palatine' earl of Hereford from 1067 to his death in battle in 1071. His earldom most probably included Gloucestershire and he perhaps wielded extra powers in Worcestershire; see Wightman, ‘Palatine Earldom of William Fitz Osbern’. William was joint 'regent' with Bishop Odo of Bayeux during King William's absence in 1067. He was also responsible, with Walter of Lacy and others, for defending the border of Herefordshire and Gloucestershire against the South Welsh. See HEF {Introduction: The Welsh Border: History}.
	IN TOTAL. Referring to the whole manor of Bromsgrove.
	URSO THE SHERIFF. Urso of Abetot; see WOR 26 Urso note.
	BY WEIGHT. Domesday has ad peis which is Old French peis, Modern French poids, both derived from and corresponding to the Latin ad pensum; the Modern French form is a mistaken humanist spelling as if from Latin pondus.
	SO LONG AS HE HAD THE WOODLAND. For supplying the salt-houses at Droitwich with fuel.
1,1c	GRAFTON. Domesday Grastone; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 347.
	COOKSEY [GREEN]. Cooksey Parva is coupled with Grafton in Feudal Aids, v. p. 303, Cooksey Magna being the holding at 26,12. 'Evesham A165' places this outlier in 'Came' Hundred, with Bromsgrove, the rest (26,12) being in Clent Hundred; see {Appendix}. This corresponds to the later division, with one part in Bromsgrove and one in Upton Warren; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 24.
	'WILLINGWICK'. Its approximate location can be known because it is associated with Chadwick here and in later records; see Book of Fees, p. 961; Feudal Aids, v. p. 303; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 345.
	THEY COULD NOT WITHDRAW ... MANOR. See C5 go note.
	ALFRED [* OF MARLBOROUGH *]. Note on this identification to be supplied (JP).
	1 RIDING MAN. Radchenistre is similar to radman (the latter translated here as 'rider' to maintain the distinction). Of higher standing than a villager; originally a man who rode with messages or on escort duty, for the king or his lord (see 2,29); he also worked his lands and those of his lord (see 8,10a and GLS 1,24). The term radman is common in north-west Mercia, up to the River Ribble. In the south-western Welsh Marches and in Hampshire, radchenist[re] predominates. On two occasions (GLS 1,15 and GLS 19,2) radchenistre are glossed as liberi homines, although they were not apparently allowed to leave the manor (see GLS 3,1 and HEF 1,4). In 8,9b liberi homines and in 8,10a radmans perform similar services. For a discussion, see VCH Worcestershire, i. pp. 250-51; Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, pp. 57, 66, 305.
	6 PLOUGHMEN. Bovarii, literally men who look after the oxen of which there were normally eight to the plough. See WIL 28,10 oxen note; VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 274; VCH Shropshire, i. pp. 302-304.
	WOULD BE POSSIBLE. Latin posset esse, subjunctive, perhaps a different nuance from the indicative potest esse (translated 'possible'; see 1,2). The two forms are about equally represented in Domesday Worcestershire; see also 1,5 possible note.
	3 LEAGUES. Domesday Leuga, leuua, leuuede. A measure of length, usually of woodland, traditionally reckoned at a mile and a half. If so, some woodland will have been of enormous length; see NTH 1,6 leagues note. A subdivision of the league was the furlong, reckoned at 220 yards, an eighth of a mile. In Worcestershire no figure is found higher than 4 for furlongs (2,33. 23,14). In view of the occasional use of 4 virgates for 1 hide, the Worcester league might consist of 4 furlongs, but such measures as ' ½ league long by 2 furlongs wide' (2,34. 18,3), where the two would be equivalent in a league of 4 furlongs, might suggest 5 or 6 furlongs to the league, that is nearer to two-thirds of a mile than to a mile and a half. Like the furlong (2,14 woodland note), the league is sometimes used as a square measure (as here and in 1,2. 14,2. 19,14. 26,2;5-6), though in some cases the other dimension has been omitted, as certainly at 23,1 nemus i leuua longum. Although leuuede is normally considered to be a form of leuga, leuua, it is used in Worcestershire only as a square measure (1,1c. 2,84. 10,4;10. 19,12. 23,5;10-11. 24,1. 26,13).
	THE FOREST. Medieval Latin foresta from foris ('outside'), meaning land, not necessarily wooded, beyond the bounds of the manor or village. A number of entries in Worcestershire state or imply the existence of a forest: Ripple (2,31) referring to Malvern (Chase); Hindlip and Offerton (2,52); Warndon and White Ladies Aston (2,53); Cudley (2,54); Oddingley (2,56); Huddington(2,57); Churchill (2,59); Perry (2,61); Crowle (2,78); Stoke Prior, Aston Fields, 'Baddington' (2,81); Shell (18,3); Hollow Court (HEF 1,41); Bushley (HEF 1,44); Queenhill (HEF 1,45); Eldersfield (HEF 1,46); these last four also lay in Worcestershire in 1086. Other entries expressly refer to the King's Forest: 'Willingwick' and Chadwick (1,1d); Kidderminster (1,2); Bredicot (2,60); Hanbury (2,79); Alvechurch (2,84); Bellington (23,14); Cofton Hackett (26,3); Woodcote Green (26,5); Feckenham (HEF 1,40). Plotted on a map, these 'forests' fall in the north centre and the south-west of the county, implying the existence of the great forests of Feckenham, Wyre and Malvern, which were all parts of the Forest of Dean, then extending as far north as the River Teme; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 271, ii. p. 197; Domesday Gazetteer, pp. 247-49.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
1,1d	WILLIAM SON OF ANSCULF. See WOR 23 William note.
	'WILLINGWICK'. The entry is probably duplicated, though with differences of detail, at 23,4.
	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. Baldwin's father, Herlewin, came to England even before the reign of Edward the Confessor. Baldwin himself had a substantial holding before the Conquest and survived to hold under the Conqueror. The bulk of his holdings can be established from his distinctive pre-Conquest name and the links which this establishes. His holdings in 1086 were significantly different from those in 1066, only two being in his hands at both dates (BUK 17,15;24). Broadly speaking, his pre-Conquest lands were re-distributed to Hugh of Grandmesnil and William son of Ansculf, with Miles Crispin obtaining three holdings and several other tenants-in-chief a manor apiece. William son of Ansculf then re-endowed him with the bulk of his post-Conquest fee. See Lewis, 'The French in England before the Norman Conquest', and Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 257-58; both lists include only Baldwin's pre-Conquest holdings (JP).
	VALUE. Latin valet (valebat, valuit in the past tenses) normally means the sums due to lords from their lands; reddit (past reddidit) has a similar meaning (see 1,1b).
1,2	16 OUTLIERS. Of these Ribbesford was probably in 'Doddingtree' Hundred, and some of the unidentified places may well have been in other hundreds; see {Introduction: Hundreds}.
	ANOTHER FRANCHE . In the case of alia Frenesse and alia Ribeford ('another Ribbesford') only one village is found at each place in later times, and it is likely that alia refers not to another village, but to another holding in the same village. Other examples are plentiful in Domesday, for example, Seaborough in Somerset (SOM 3,1), Thistleton in Rutland (LIN 27,49). On this, see Thorn, 'Manorial Affixes'.
	WRIBBENHALL. Probably included the manor of Bewdley (SO7875): VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 308.
	RIBBESFORD, ANOTHER RIBBESFORD. For alia Ribeford, see 1,2 another note. One of the two estates may have included Rock (SO7371): VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 320. One had been held by Worcester Church; see 'Worcester G11' in {Appendix}.
	MITTON. Lower Mitton: VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 172. For Upper Mitton, see 2,82 outliers note.
	"SUDUUALE". Close to Sutton Common (SO8175): VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 167.
	A MILL AT 5 "ORAE". For "ora", see C2 "ora" note. The expression here is unusual. At 20d to the "ora" and 12 ounces or 240d to a pound, the mill is worth 100d or 8s 4d.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note..
	WHICH PAY. Latin redd', which could abbreviate the plural reddentes or the singular reddens ('which pays': the present paticiple is translated as a relative clause in the Phillimore edition), referring only to the house in Worcester
1,3a	DROITWICH. The place-name, Domesday Wich, is Old English wic, Latin vicus ('village' or 'settlement'), there being no original connection with salt; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 286; English Place-Name Elements, under wic.
		Details of the borough and the salt industry are scattered in Domesday throughout Worcestershire and other counties:
Droitwich and adjacent places producing salt

Place and reference	Hides	Houses*	Salthouses etc.	Pays 
from	Pays to	
Droitwich (1,3a)
Droitwich (1,7)
Droitwich (4,1)

Droitwich (7,1)
Droitwich (8,13)

Droitwich (12,1)
Droitwich (15,14)
Droitwich (18,6)
Droitwich (22,1)
'Upwich' (1,3a)
Helpridge (1,3a)
'Middlewich' (1,3a)

(unnamed, 1,3a)
Salwarpe (5,1)
Salwarpe (14,2)
Witton (24,1)

Witton (26,16)	
½ h. 
1 h.

½ h. 
1 h.

1 h.
1 h.
½ h. 
1 h.

1 h.

2 h.

½ h. 	11 houses

18 burgesses

31 houses
9 burgesses

11 burgesses
20 burgesses

4 burgesses

7 burgesses

1 salina

4 furni
1 salina

salinae†

1 ½ salinae
7 salinae
54 salinae. 1 pit. 2 hocci
17 salinae. 1 pit
12 salinae. 1 pit. 2 parts of 1
hoccus
15 salinae. 5 other pits
6 salinae
5 salinae
3 salinae
part of 1 salina

1 ½ salinae	

4s 6d
20d

60s+100m.
10s
15s 8d
30s

32 ½ m.
50m.
6s 8d

6s 8d 

60s
60m.
10m.

30d

Witton and Salwarpe are counted as parts of Droitwich since their hides make up the 10 taxable hides of which the borough consisted in 1086 (15,14 hides note). It is assumed that Wich throughout refers to Droitwich rather than to Nantwich, Middlewich or Northwich in Cheshire, the other area of inland salt production.

Places with salt-rights at Droitwich

Place and reference	Hides	Houses*	Salthouses etc	Pays 
from	Pays to	
Bromsgrove (1,1a)

Bromsgrove (1,1c)
Kidderminster (1,2)
Tardebigge (1,5)
Holt (2,7)
Fladbury (2,15)
Northwick (2,48)
Northwick (2,50)

Hallow, Broadwas (2,68)

Phepson (2,77)
Crowle (2,78)
Hanbury (2,79)
Hartlebury (2,82)
Alvechurch (2,84)

Martin Hussingtree (8,12)
Pershore (9,1a)
Ombersley (10,10)
Halesowen (14,1)
Astley (15,9)
Elmley Lovett (15,13)

Wychbold (19,12)

'Osmerley' (26,2)
Doverdale (26,8)
Belbroughton (26,13)

Upton Warren (26,15)
'Thickenappletree' (27,1)
Chaddesley Corbett (28,1)
Feckenham (HEF 1,40)
Hollow Court (HEF 1,41)
Princes Risborough (BUK 1,3)
Tewkesbury (GLS 1,24)
Stanway (GLS 1,27)
Thornbury (GLS 1,47)
Old Sodbury (GLS 1,48)
Mickleton (GLS 18,1)
Rockhampton (GLS 50,1)
Marden (HEF 1,4)
Much Marcle (HEF 1,7)
Cleeve (HEF 1,8)
Leominster (HEF 1,10a)
Ullingswick (HEF 2,18)
Moreton Jeffries (HEF 2,20)
Ledbury (HEF 2,26)
Eastnor (HEF 2,27)
'Bagburrow' (HEF 2,28)
Tupsley (HEF 2,34)
Wellington (HEF 29,11)
Bampton (OXF 1,6)
Great Rollright (OXF 58,4)
Donnington (SHR 4,1,24)
Ditton Priors (SHR 4,1,25)
Caynham (SHR 4,11,4)
Binton (WAR 28,14)
Hillborough (WAR 35,1)	

1 v.

	

3 houses

10 houses

5 houses

5 houses

13 burgesses

	13 salinae. 
3 salinarii. 6 plumbi
1 salina
1 domus
7 salinae. 2 plumbi
1 salina

1 salina

(1) fabrica plumbi

1 salina
salinae†
1 salina
salinae†

1 salina 
7 salinae

1 salina
1 salina
1 salina
1 salina

4 salinae
26 salinae

1 salina
1 salina
5 salinae

3 salinae
1 salina 
5 salinae
4 salinae
4 salinae. 1 hoch
1 salinarius

1 salina
1 salina

1 salina
salinae†

part of 1 salina
1 salina

part of 1 salina
part of 1 salina
part of 1 salina
1 salina

salinae†

5 salinae
1 salina

1 salina	300m.

10s

20s + 100m.
13d

100m.
3m.
2s
5s
50m.
10s
3s
105m.
5m.
50m. 
70m.

30m.

4s
64d + 18m.
20d
70s
£4 12s

12m.
4s
100m. +5 "ora"
40m.
30m.
21s 4d

packloads

40st .or 20d
25st.
24mn.
4pk.
9pk. or 9d
60m.
25m.
30m.

16m.
17m. at 30d
£9 13s
3pk.

20s
2s
4pk.
3pk.
3s	300c.

timber
100c.

100c.

5s from wood

5s for wood

	

* For the purposes of tabulation, houses, messuages and burgesses are taken as interchangeable.
† Domesday gives no figure 
	Abbreviations
	c.: cartloads of timber (caretedes)
	h.: hides (hidae)
	m.: measures of salt (mittae)
	mn.: measures of salt (mensurae)
	pk.: packloads of salt (summae); see 2,57 packloads note
	st.: sesters (sextaria)
	v.: virgates (virgatae)
	Notes (in the order of the Tables)
	Droitwich (1,3a). The 11 houses had belonged to King Edward.
		At 1,3b it is recorded that Earl Edwin had 51 ½ salinae and 6s 8d from the hocci.
	Droitwich (12,1). The payment of the salinae and the burgesses is counted together.
	Droitwich (18,6). The payment of the salinae and the burgesses is counted together.
	Droitwich (22,1). The payment of the salinae and the burgesses is counted together.
	Unnamed (1,3a). The '5 other pits' may be an error for '2'; see 1,3a other note.
	Salwarpe (14,2). The 5 salt-houses are not said to be in Droitwich, but probably were there, like those of the adjacent Witton (26,16).
	Witton (26,16). Only the burgesses are said to belong to Droitwich.
	Bromsgrove (1,1a). The figure for the payment to Droitwich relates to 1066.
	Kidderminster (1,2). This house and one in Worcester pay 10d; see 1,2 pay note.
	Halesowen (14,1). This salina was not necessarily still in existence in 1086. The text reads Olwin ... habuit.
	Elmley Lovett (15,13). Only the houses are said to belong to Droitwich.
	Wychbold (19,12). Only the burgesses are said to belong to Droitwich. They reap and serve.
	Tewkesbury (GLS 1,24): This assumes that the two mentions of a salina refer to 1066 and 1086; see GLS 1,24 salt-house note.
	Old Sodbury (GLS 1,48). The 25 sesters are recorded as a 1066 payment.
	Cleeve (HEF 1,8). The 25 measures of salt are recorded as a 1066 payment.
	Bampton (OXF 1,6). The sum is from the salinae and from customary dues.
	Burgesses and salt-houses are also mentioned in the following Worcestershire entries, and one or other or both may well refer to Droitwich:
	Kidderminster (1,2): 2 salinae at 30s
	Oddingley (2,56): 1 salina at 4s
	Inkberrow (3,3): 1 salina which pays 15 measures of salt
	Moreton ?Underhill (17,1): 1 burgess who pays 10s; 1 salina which pays 2s and 8 measures of salt
	Shell (18,3): 4 salinae with woodland ... pay 60 measures of salt
	Elmbridge (19,13): 1 salina at 4s
	Crowle (19,14): 1 burgess at 2s; 2 salinae at 6s
	Hadzor (20,6): 7 salinae pay 111 measures of salt
	Bell Hall (23,8): 1 salina at 2 "ora"
	Cookhill (26,1): 1 burgess at 16d and 4 measures of salt
	Rushock (26,6): 1 salina at 5 "ora"
	Hampton Lovett (26,10): 7 salinae pay 14 "ora"
	Horton (26,11): 1 salina at 40d
	Hampton Lovett (26,17): 1 salina which pays 3 "ora"
	References to salt in neighbouring counties may also pertain to Droitwich:
	In Gloucestershire:
		Awre (GLS 1,13): 1 salina at 30 packloads (on the Severn estuary)
		Guiting Power (GLS 34,8): 5 salinae pay 20 packloads
		Temple Guiting (GLS 39,6): 1 salina at 20s and 12 packloads
		Toddington (GLS 61,2): 50 measures of salt from 1 salina
		A salt-toll is mentioned under Chedworth (GLS 1,57).
	In Warwickshire:
		Brailes (WAR 1,1): Value now £55 and 20 packloads
		Wasperton (WAR 6,18): A mill at 20s, 4 packloads and 1000 eels
		Studley (28,16): 1 salina which pays 19 packloads
		Haselour (40,2): 1 salina which pays 4s and 2 packloads
	All references to salt in Herefordshire and Shropshire specify Droitwich. There is none in Staffordshire.
	In SHR 4,1,5 (the manor of Morville), there is a reference to a 1 hide dependency in Chawson. Chawson was remote from Morville but adjacent to Salwarpe and it is possible that it was responsible for the supply of salt to what had been a major royal manor; see SHR 4,1,5 Chawson note.
	5 BRINE-PITS. Elsewhere in England, salt was normally gathered in pans on the coast or in tidal estuaries. With Nantwich, Middlewich and Northwich in Cheshire, Droitwich was the great centre of inland salt production. Rock salt is derived from the Keuper marls and Droitwich is situated in a trough where the upper Keuper marls fill a deep depression in the lower Trias or Permian rocks. The rock salt is dissolved in underground streams and can be extracted by sinking shafts to form brine-pits. At Droitwich the water was nearly saturated with salt, 25% of brine drawn from the former Upwich pit being salt.
		Salt production was simple: brine was drawn from the pit and boiled in vats over a fire until the water had evaporated. Accordingly, Domesday mentions lead vats (1,1a;5), a lead works (2,50), salt-workers (1,1a), furnaces (8,13), many salt-houses where the production took place, and arrangements for the supply of timber (1,1a. 2,15;48. 8,12 and possibly 2,58). For another method, see 1,3a "hocci" note.
		Production, allocation and conveyance of salt would no doubt have been governed by an elaborate system of customs and dues as in Cheshire (CHS S1-3). Such an essential commodity was from earliest times under royal control; a series of grants and charters showing English kings allotting rights to salt is conveniently summarized in Early Charters of the West Midlands. King William, and King Edward before him, controlled the brine-pits and owned the largest single group of salt-houses in Droitwich.
		The scattering of the Droitwich entries tends to make study of its resources difficult, but there seem to have been about 250 salt-houses there in 1086, corresponding perhaps to the 300 shares of brine found in medieval documents. These belonged to landholders in Worcestershire and adjacent counties. In the Worcestershire context, salina (here rendered by the inclusive term 'salt-house') will probably have been a building with a fire and vat (although salinae and plumbi are distinguished at 1,5; see also 8,13 furnaces note). Salt would be conveyed to these houses, no doubt situated near the pits, boiled, stored and then carted to the manor owning the salt-house, on payment of the appropriate toll, probably along one of the saltways radiating from the borough; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 4-9.
		Further details of salt extraction and production will be found in Parkinson, Droitwich Brine-Springs; Maddocks, Salt Industry of Worcestershire; Gillan, Droitwich and its Salt Industry; Habington, Survey of Worcestershire; Rastell, The Saltworks of Droitwich and Wells and Springs of Worcestershire, as well as in VCH Worcestershire, vols. ii-iii.
	`UPWICH'. The site was in Droitwich at St Richard's Well on the north bank of the River Salwarpe; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 73, and map facing p. 82. Later there were still five pits, named by Habington, Survey of Worcestershire, ii. p. 296, at 'Upwich', 'Middlewich' and 'Netherwich'. This last, probably one of the unnamed pits in Domesday, was ¼ mile down river from 'Upwich'; 'Middlewich' will have lain between.
	17 SALT-HOUSES. Salina was used in Domesday for all kinds of salt-workings from coastal pans to the boilers of Worcester and Cheshire with their associated sheds and buildings. 'Salt-house' is the most comprehensive term.
	2 "HOCCI". Hoccus is a word of uncertain origin and meaning, and occurs only four times in Domesday, twice in WOR 1,3a (2 hocci ... 1 hoccus), once in WOR 1,3b (2 hocci referring to the foregoing) and once in HEF 1,41, always under Land of the King, and in connection with salt-making in Droitwich. In the Herefordshire entry it appears in the unlatinized form hoch. A not dissimilar word hoga is later found in Norfolk and Lincolnshire in connection with salt-making, usually associated with the word area. In the Dictionary of Medieval Latin, under Hoga (2), the word is defined as 'how', 'mound', 'mound for drying salt'; for example in the Fleet Terrier (Neilson, p. 6): tenent bovatam . . . et continet xl acras et unam hogam quae reddit iii busellos salis ('they hold a bovate ... and it contains 40 acres and a hoga which renders 3 bushels of salt'). Another example comes from the Calendar of CloseRolls 1321 14 Edward II m 3 d: medietas marisci maris quae vocatur Thrikynghammersch cum medietate unius domus ibidem, medietate unius hogae et medietate unius areae praefatae hogae pertinentis ... item una salina cum hoga et area quae vocatur Alverscot apud Hathenesse ('half of a sea-marsh which is called Thrikynghammersch with half a house there, half a hoga and half a yard, belonging to the aforesaid hoga ... also a salt-house with a hoga and a yard which is called Alverscot near Hathenesse'). A third example is found in Calendar of Close Rolls 1338 12 Edward III ii m 8: areae et hogae in manus domini: i acra are[ae] et hog[ae] vocat[a] Rodlandeshowe ('yards and hogae in the lord's hands: 1 acre of a yard and of a hoga called Rodlandeshowe'). Yet another example appears in Calendar of Inquisitions Post Mortem Edward II 67 (4) m 5: item est ibidem una salina cum una hoga et area quae reddit per annum x quart' salis ('similarly, there is there a salt-house with a hoga and a yard which renders 4 bushels of salt a year').
		In a former Danish area of the country, derivation from Old Scandinavian haugr ('heap', 'mound', 'hillock', 'hill') is likely. But hoccus can hardly represent haugr (hoga). The form hoch, Latinized hoccus, might represent an unidentified hypothetical Old English noun hoc(c) perhaps meaning 'a heap', 'a mound'. This would be cognate with Old Norse haugr or modern German Höcker ('projection', 'protuberance' 'hump', 'hill'); the hypothetical Old English cognate hocer is inferred from place-names; see English Place-Name Elements under hocer. Another possible cognate would be Old Norse hoka, German hocken ('to crouch, squat, huddle'), High German Hock, Hocken ('haycock', 'heap of hay etc.'), or even with the related Modern English shock ('a shock', 'a number of sheaves', 'a quantity of 60 sheaves or objects'); see Oxford English Dictionary, under shock; Pokorny, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, I. p. 589, for Germanic cognates and forms.
		The precise sense of this word in relation to the salt industry in Worcestershire, however, has not yet emerged. Mounds are found in connection with medieval salt extraction on the coast or in tidal estuaries and sea marshes. Such mounds were used for drying salt or leaching out impurities. Burning often took place on the mounds themselves which also had buildings on them. Sea-marsh, buildings and salt-houses are mentioned in the above examples. Such 'salt-mounds' have been excavated in Essex and Kent; see Thompson, 'A Group of Mounds on Seasalter Level'. For the methods, see Bridbury, Salt Trade, chapter 1; Brownrigg, Art of Making Common Salt, pp. 47-49; Leland, Itinerary, iv. p. 10. Area in connection with the Lincolnshire and Norfolk examples may be the Latin word ('threshing floor', 'court', 'enclosure', 'area'), referring to the site of the salt-works which needed to be quite extensive, or from Old Scandinavian eyrr ('gravelly bank', 'bank of a river', 'small tongue of land running out into the sea'). The relation of this to Droitwich needs further investigation.
	HELPRIDGE. Domesday Helperic, identified in Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 282; nearby is Brinepits Farm, although some way from the known area of salt production.
	AT A THIRD BRINE-PIT. The Latin is in iii puteo. Having begun with a cardinal number (in uno puteo) the scribe probably omitted to interline tio to indicate that the iii stood for the ordinal tertio ('third'), rather than tres ('three'). It is less likely that puteo is a scribal error for puteis, 'at three brine-pits' then being the correct reading, implying three brine-pits at 'Middlewich'. Latin puteus is a 'pit' or a 'well'; the specific sense 'brine-pit' comes from the context.
	AT 5 OTHER. The figure v may well be an error for ii ('2'). 5 pits have been mentioned, 3 already named. One of these two may have been at 'Netherwich', see 1,3a 'Upwich' note.
	FROM ALL THESE ... £52. This probably refers to all the items in 1,3a, the payment from the hocci being mentioned separately.
1,3b	51 ½ SALT-HOUSES. The Latin is: .li. salina[m] 7 dimid[iam]. The singular occurs regularly in Domesday with the figures 21, 31 etc.
1,4	THIS ENTRY begins a miscellaneous group of entries referring to land in other counties, similar to X 2-3.
	KINVER ... IN STAFFORDSHIRE. KINGSWINFORD LIKEWISE. The details are in STS 1,27 (Kinver) and STS 1,1 (Kingswinford). They are entered here because Tardebigge and Clent (1,5-6) pay revenue jointly with them.
	TARDEBIGGE ... AND CLENT. Their withdrawal from Worcestershire is accounted for in 'Worcester G29' (in the {Appendix}). Both were subsequently taken entirely into Staffordshire, Tardebigge being transferred to Warwickshire in 1266; both places returned to Worcestershire in 1844. See {Introduction: County Boundary}.
	SHERIFF [* OF STAFFORDSHIRE *]. The sheriff of Staffordshire; see 1,5.
	£15. The sum is in fact the revenues of the two manors, Tardebigge and Clent, not of three as stated. Kingswinford was separately valued at 70s in STS 1,1.
1,5	TARDEBIGGE. Tardibigge was already fiscally in Staffordshire in 1086 (see 1,4) and was entirely there afterwards until its transfer to Warwickshire in 1266. It returned to Worcestershire in 1844.
		It continued to be held by or from the king. In 1254-55 it was held by the Abbot of Bordesley in free alms from the king, the abbot having been enfeoffed by 'King Henry grandfather of the present king'; see Wrottesley, 'Staffordshire Hundred Rolls', p. 114. In the Book of Fees, p. 143 (1212), the prior of Bordesley is said to hold by gift of alms of the Empress Matilda.
	ANOTHER POSSIBLE. Latin fieri here and in 2,85 for the more usual esse, omitted in translation; see 1,1c possible note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
1,6	CLENT. This royal estate was already in Staffordshire in 1086 for fiscal purposes (see 1,4) and subsequently was moved in its entirety to that county. It returned to Worcestershire in 1844.
		Clent became closely associated with Kingswinford (STS 1,1). It was regarded as part of the Ancient Demesne of the Crown in Staffordshire in Lay Subsidy Roll (1334), p. 277, where it has Broom (SO9078) as its member. According to Book of Fees, p. 1331, the church of Clent was in the king's gift. A further part of Clent, unnamed in Domesday, was Rowley Regis (SO9787), held in chief from the king in Staffordshire in 1254-55; see Wrottesley, 'Staffordshire Hundred Rolls', p. 113. It is listed as Ancient Demesne in Lay Subsidy Roll (1334), p. 277; see Feudal Aids, v. p. 9. In Book of Fees, p. 143, Richard de Rushal' holds Ruheleg' [Rowley Regis] and the mill at Cradeleg' [Cradley, SO 9485] by charter of King John.
		It is not certain whether the Crown retained the whole of Clent, since in Book of Fees, p. 967 (1242-43), and in Feudal Aids, v. p. 9 (1316), Suineford, Clent and Mere were held by Roger de Somery as part of his barony of Dudley. Prior to this, in Book of Fees, p. 142 (1212), these same three places were held by the Earl of Salisbury as guardian of the son and heir of Ralph de Domery.
1,7	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	THE HALL OF GLOUCESTER. That is, the royal hall. See 7,1 and GLS G1.
	A GAP suitable for about 14 lines follows before chapter 2. Some material such as people, value and customs may have been omitted from 1,7 (see 7,1), or the space left for additional lands of the king, such as appear in X 2-3. Similar gaps are found in the early folios of other Domesday counties.
2	CHURCH OF WORCESTER. That is the cathedral church of the see of Worcester which was established in 680.
		For the dispute between the churches of Worcester and Evesham over a number of lands, see 10,11 Hampton note and 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}. Hemming (see 'Worcester G' in the {Appendix}) lists a number of lands alienated from the church. Some are found under other holders in Domesday, others appear correctly in chapter 2 but were clearly de facto alienated when held by Urso or his brother Robert the bursar.
2,1	ST MARY'S CHURCH. Founded by Oswald, Bishop of Worcester 961-992, also Archbishop of York from 972. It was completed in 983.
	'OSWALDSLOW' ... 300 HIDES. The triple hundred, consisting of 16 of the church's manors chosen to make a 300-hide unit, formed a compact area around Worcester with a number of detached parts lying to the south and east. It was formed in 964 by King Edgar and named after Bishop Oswald according to a charter many times reprinted: Early Charters of the West Midlands, no. 109 pp. 56, 112 (= Kemble, Codex Diplomaticus, vi. 237-42 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 731). It begins grandly with Altitonantis Dei largiflua clementia, and arranges a number of privileges for bishop and monks and that a number of lands are to be added to the 50 hides of Cropthorne to form the hundred of Cuthburgelawe for the monks. This 'hundred' is to be joined with the bishop's hundred of Winburgetrowe and the ancient episcopal hundred of Wulfereslaw to form 'Oswaldslow' Hundred.
		The substance of this charter was accepted by Round in VCH Worcestershire, i. pp. 246-48, and by Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, p. 268, though both were aware of its difficulties. Recently Darlington, Worcester Cathedral Priory Cartulary, pp. xiii-xix, has cast authoritative doubt on the document; it purports to allot privileges to the monks at a time before they existed at Worcester; it is a surprising omission from Hemming's cartulary if it then existed, the earliest reference to it in fact being in 1136-1139 in the confirmation charter of Stephen; it seems too clearly framed in the interest of the monks, giving them lands and privileges that are only in part supported by Domesday. For further discussion, see John, Land Tenure in England, pp. 80-139, 162-166; Anderson, English Hundred Names, pp. 140-41.
		Only the Hundred of Winburgetrowe is evidenced later, but it is not unlikely that 'Oswaldslow' Hundred (which may not take its name from Bishop Oswald; see Darlington, Worcester Cathedral Priory Cartulary, p. xv; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 89) was congealed from three separate hundreds, of which the charter preserves the names if not the contents; see {Introduction: Hundreds}. For the privileges and ownership of land within the hundred, WOR 2,1 is a safer guide; see also 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}.
	BY AN ARRANGEMENT OF ANCIENT TIMES. The detail spells out the sense of C3 uicecomes nichil habet in eis ('the sheriff has nothing in them'). The privileges are similar to those enjoyed by the Bishop of Winchester in Taunton Hundred in Somerset (SOM 2,1). Hemming (see 'Worcester F' in the {Appendix}) reproduces this section with variants, adding the procedure of the Domesday Enquiry and the names of the Commissioners.
	BISHOP OF THIS CHURCH. Bishop Wulfstan II 1062-95.
	NOR IN ANY OTHER CASE. Latin causa, probably in the sense of 'lawsuit'; possibly in the diminished sense of 'matter', 'thing', as Modern French chose, its derivative.
	TURN ELSEWHERE WITH THIS LAND. See C5 go note.
2,2	THE BISHOP OF THIS CHURCH HOLDS. His manors are listed first (2,2-61), followed by those of the church (2,62-79).
	WHICH PAY TAX. Latin geld', assumed to be expanded to geldantes ('paying'; translated 'which pay' in the Phillimore edition) rather than to geldant ('they pay'). Geldantes is written out in full in many identical phrases in Domesday Gloucestershire (for example, GLS 11,9. 28,4. 31,2). Later abstracts of Domesday often use geldabiles ('taxable').
	5 HIDES ARE WASTE. 'Worcester B2' in the {Appendix} adds that the hides are in lordship.
	IN LORDSHIP 13 HIDES. The hides in lordship are normally entered before the people and resources, after the number of taxable hides.
2,3	WOLVERTON. Probably Over Wolverton; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 534. For Little Wolverton, see 2,4.
	THE SUPPLIES. To supply the needs of the bishop and church.
	VALUE 100s. 'Evesham A85' (in the {Appendix}) gives the value as £4.
2,4	WOLVERTON. Probably Little Wolverton; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 534. For Over Wolverton, see 2,3.
	ALRIC HELD THEM ALSO IN KING WILLIAM'S TIME. Alric (Domesday Alric[us] here, Adelric (= Aethelric) in HEF 1,45) was brother of Bishop Beorhtheah (Brictric) (1033-38). The story of the acquisition of this and other lands and their loss to Earl William is given in 'Worcester G22' in the {Appendix}.
	ON THE TERMS HE COULD BEG. Latin deprecari means among other things 'to try to avert by prayer', 'to beg off, 'to beg exemption or relief from'; see Oxford Latin Dictionary, under deprecor (1). The suggestion here is of a bargain or plea to obtain relief from obligations. Similar phrases occur at 2,17;28;54;73. Round in VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 288, translates 'as it could be obtained from the reeve'.
2,5	WALTER PONTHER. Domesday ponther is perhaps from Medieval Latin puntarius ('sword-fighter') or pontarius ('bridge-builder'); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 265. This Walter also apparently appears with the surnames Poer in 'Evesham C' and Pubier and Puchier in 'Worcester B'; for these documents, which are abbreviations of parts of Domesday, see the {Appendix}. See GLS 19,2 Walter note.
	WHITTINGTON. There is another part at 2,58, one of the two estates being perhaps at Battenhall (SO8653); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 515.
	AS THE ABOVE HIDES. That is, on the same terms as those in 2,4.
2,7	HOLT. Included the manor of Bentley (SO8162); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 405.
	IN THE ABOVE MANNER. As he did the land in 2,4-5.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	1 HEDGED ENCLOSURE. Frequent in the west midland shires. From Old English (ge)haeg, Latinized as haia 'hedge' (compare Modern French haie); a 'hay' or hedged enclosure into which game were driven for capture, see 18,4: i haia in qua capiebantur ferae. In Shropshire (SHR 4,8,10. 6,14) 'hays' are 'for capturing roe-deer (capreolis capiendis)'. See Ellis, General Introduction to Domesday Book, i. p. 114; Ducange, Glossarium, under haga; English Place-Name Elements, under (ge)haeg and haga.
	[* VALUE NOW £6 *]. The value clause is omitted in Domesday, but 'Evesham A89' (in the {Appendix}) has 'Value now £6'.
2,8	[LITTLE] WITLEY. The Witley in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred is Little Witley; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 405. Great Witley was in 'Doddingtree' Hundred and was probably surveyed as part of Redmarley (15,10. 20,2).
	ARNWIN THE PRIEST. The acquisition is described in 'Worcester G12' in the {Appendix}.
	1 SESTER OF HONEY. The sester (Latin sextarium) is a measure, both liquid and dry (see GLS 1,47: '40 sesters of salt'), of uncertain and probably variable size (see GLS G1. 19,2). It was reckoned at 32 oz. for honey.
	VALUE IS ... 10s. 'Evesham A90' in the {Appendix} has 'Value 15s".
2,9	TO THE REVENUE REEVE. Latin p[rae]posito firmę; firmę is either genitive or dative.
	½ WIDE. In the manuscript diimid' in error. Farley corrected to dimid'.
	NOW 15s. 'Evesham A94' in the {Appendix} has ''12s'.
2,10	'CLOPTON'. A lost place in the southern part of the parish of St Johns in Bedwardine; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 91. For its history, see 'Worcester G6' in the {Appendix}.
	BRICTMER. Probably the same man whom Urso succeeded at Powick and Broughton (8,10a-10b;24); see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 289 note 1.
	LIKE THOSE ABOVE. The Latin is ut supradicti, masculine, referring to the holders of 2,3-5;8-9.
2,11	LAUGHERNE. Laure in Domesday, Lawerne in contemporary documents; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 93. The entry is split in 'Evesham A92;95', the total value there being 7s; see {Appendix}. The Worcester Priory Register (Hale, p. 36a) similarly refers to a ½ hide holding as Lawerne Willielmi and to a Lawerne Albetot, probably Urso's holding here.
	URSO ALSO HAS ... 6s. This is written in the manuscript by the same scribe as the rest though in darker ink and cramped, presumably because added later.
	1 VIRGATE. 'Evesham C11' (see {Appendix}) has '½ hide'.
2,12	GREENHILL. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 131, and for its acquisition by Urso, see 'Worcester G13' in the {Appendix}.
	WHAT THOSE ABOVE [PAID]. The Latin is quod supradicti, masculine, referring to the holders of 2,3-5 ;8-9.
2,13	ROBERT THE BURSAR. Brother of Urso; see 2,73 hides note.
	12 OAKS. These stand in place of an entry for woodland. 'Evesham C13' (see {Appendix}) has xii cainas (caina representing Old French chesne, Modern French chêne); see the Introduction to 'Evesham C' in the {Appendix}.
	KENWARD. Perhaps the English sheriff of Worcestershire, Urso's predecessor; see 'Worcester H2' in the {Appendix}; Round in VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 289 note 2. The monks of Worcester claimed that Robert seized this and other lands on Kenward's death; see 'Worcester G5' in the {Appendix}. For other lands of Kenward held by Robert, see 2,19 and 2,73.
		The name Kenward occurs seven times in Domesday Book, on holdings which cluster near the borders of Gloucestershire, Warwickshire, and Worcestershire. Three devolved upon Gilbert son of Turold who is unlikely to have had three predecessors with this uncommon name; the three others subinfeudated by the Bishop of Worcester to Robert the bursar, are just as unlikely to have been held different individuals. Gilbert's holdings lay either side of Robert's, while the seventh property was adjacent to Gilbert's holding at Oakley. It is probable therefore that all seven holdings had belonged to the same individual in 1066 (JP).
2,14	COTHERIDGE. Lesser or Little Cotheridge; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 256 note 16.
	WOODLAND. 3 FURLONGS. The furlong is used here as a square measure; see 1,1c leagues note.
	RICHARD ^[SCROPE]^ HELD IT. Richard Scrope, father of Osbern; see 'Worcester G8' in the {Appendix}. For the byname, see 19,1 Richard note.
2,15	FLADBURY. A former possession of Evesham Abey; see 10,11 Hampton note. It included land at Thorne and Throckmorton; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 356, 424.
	20 STICKS OF EELS. A stick contained 25 eels.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
2,16	BISHOP OF HEREFORD. Robert Losinga, bishop 1079-95.
	INKBERROW. The bishop holds 15 ½ hides there in chief at 3,3. That holding, in 'Ash' Hundred, was probably the later Greater Inkberrow, the present holding being Little Inkberrow; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 420. The same division is found in 'Evesham A' (see {Appendix}). It included Shurnock (SP0260); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 116.
	BISHOP WALTER. Walter of Lorraine, chaplain to Queen Edith, and Bishop of Hereford, 1061-79.
2,17	AB LENCH. Long known by folk etymology as Abbots Lench as well as Hob Lench and Habbe Lench; Ab derives from a personal name Aebba or Haebba; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 148-49.
	MEADOW [***]. There is a gap of about 10 letters in the manuscript, presumably for a measurement.
	ON THE TERMS HE COULD BEG. Round in VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 290, translates 'on such terms as he could obtain'; see 2,4 terms note.
2,18	[ROUS] LENCH. Domesday Biscopsleng; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 149; VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 290 note 3, iii. p. 498.
	ALFRED [* OF MARLBOROUGH *]. Note on this identification to be supplied (JP).
	FRANI. Franc in Hemming (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 301).
2,19	[WYRE] PIDDLE, MOOR AND HILL. All places would be difficult to identify but for their conjunction. For Piddle, see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 155; for Moor and Hill, now a single parish, see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 135. More and Pydele are coupled in Book of Fees, p. 36, and Feudal Aids, v. p. 306; Hill is Hulle iuxta Fladebury in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred in Feudal Aids, v. pp. 308-309.
	KENWARD. See 2,13 Kenward note.
	THE OTHER ABOVE. Latin aliā abbreviating aliam, singular, and referring to 2,18.
2,20	BRADLEY [GREEN]. Now the major settlement in the parish of Stock and Bradley; Bradley itself and its church lie just to the south at SO9860.
	ARCHBISHOP ALDRED. Bishop of Worcester 1047-1062; he held the see with that of Hereford 1056-60 and with York 1061-62. He was Archbishop of York until his death in 1069, and he crowned William the Conqueror and his Queen Matilda.
2,21	CHURCH TAX. Domesday circset, Old English ciric-sceat, an obscure tax; see Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, p. 321-22. It was due in kind and payable at Martinmas (November 11th); see 9,7.
	BURIAL. Burial dues.
	PLEAS TO THE SAID HUNDRED. Pleas to the hundred court.
2,22	FROM IT. From the woodland, as in 2,15.
2,23	TEDDINGTON. In the extreme south of the county, not to be confused with Teddington in Warwickshire; it probably included Alstone manor (SO9832); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 470-71. Teddington was transferred to Gloucestershire in 1931.
	MITTON. This estate remained in Worcestershire. See 'Evesham A104', 'Evesham C23' and 'Worcester B5' in the {Appendix}. 'Evesham A104' gives a combined hidage and value for Teddington and Mitton
2,24	CUTSDEAN. See 'Evesham C4' and 'Worcester B5' in the {Appendix}.
	BISHOP BRICTHEAH. Domesday Bricsteg represents Old English Beorhtheah (von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 194), rendered Brictheah by JRM. The same man appears in HEF 1,45 with the name-form Brictrec, on which see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, § 71. He was Bishop of Worcester 1033-1038.
	ARCHBISHOP ALDRED. See 2,20 Aldred note.
	PROVED HIS RIGHT TO. Latin deratiocinauit here, diratiocinauit at 9,6a, both active, but the deponent form occurs at 2,63. Ses WIL 24,14;19;42 for a similar variation.
	HIS SON ^[BRICTRIC SON OF DODA]^. Doda's son Brictric, see 2,63.
2,25	7 HIDES. 'Evesham A105' (see {Appendix}) accounts for 2 hides (worth £7) at Redmarley; 3 hides at Redmarley Willelmi.
	REDMARLEY [D'ABITOT]. The affix d'Abitot is derived not from Urso, but from a junior branch of his family who were subtenants of the Beauchamps in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. This Redmarley is held from the Bishop of Worcester in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred in Feudal Aids, v. p. 307; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 156; Book of Fees, p. 36; VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 291 note 7, iii. p. 483. Worcester Church seems also to have held the other Redmarley at one time; see 'Worcester G7' in the {Appendix}, and 15,10 Redmarley note.
	2 HIDES. At Innerstone; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 484-85. On the place-name, see 8,25 Robert note.
2,26	PENDOCK. Divided in 'Evesham A106' (see {Appendix}) between Warner (value 20s) and Walter (6s), neither subtenant appearing in Domesday. The church regarded Urso's land as alienated from it; see 'Worcester G1' in the {Appendix}.
	AS ABOVE. That is, he gave service as in 2,25; sup[ra]dicta is interlined, and the word is superfluous in view of eadem which Hemming (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 302) corrects to easdem, referring no doubt to the hides. for this document see Worcester B in the Appendix.
2,27	[LITTLE] WASHBOURNE. Great Washbourne has always been in Gloucestershire, to which Little Washbourne was transferred in 1844; see {Introduction: County Boundary}.
	SO THE BISHOP. Latin Episcopus vero. Vero is here probably the consequence of his becoming a monk; elsewhere in Domesday it can have adversative force ('but').
2,28	ON THE TERMS HE COULD BEG. See 2,4 terms note.
2,29	MEADOW, 6 ACRES. Latin ac[ra]s is accusative after h[abe]t; contrast 2,32 where the meadow is not held by the tenant.
	WAS A RIDER OF THE BISHOP FROM THERE. VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 292, has 'served for it as the Bishop's radman'. It appears that some 'radmen' still performed the riding services that named them; but Latin inde can have a temporal sense ('then') and a consecutive sense ('so') as well.
2,30	BRICTRIC SON OF ALGAR. A great English thane who held much land in the west. Many of his lands passed to Queen Matilda (see CON 1,13 Brictric note) and, on her death in 1083, to King William. This land where he was a subtenant of Worcester Church probably became confused with lands where he was tenant-in-chief and so was lost to the church on his death.
	FROM THE BISHOP. Latin de ep'o is interlined. The manuscript has a faint hair-line after tenuit to show the correct position for the interlineation in the text; this is not shown in the Ordnance Survey facsimile nor by Farley.
	BUSHLEY. In Book of Fees, p. 139, Hugh de Colcumba holds ½ virgate in Bushley for looking after the hedged enclosure (haya) there; see also the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 568).
	IT IS IN KING WILLIAM'S HANDS. It appears in HEF 1,44 with additional detail under the heading 'In Worcestershire'; compare 2,36 hands note. In later times the estate was in Pershore Hundred and known as the manor of Bushley Park; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 46.
2,31	RIPPLE. Included land at Ryall (SO8640); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 490.
	UPTON[-ON-SEVERN]. It is similarly coupled with Ripple in 'Worcester C', a later hidage schedule ((Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 314); see {Appendix}. It is Upton super Sabrinam in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred in Feudal Aids, v. p. 309. Welland (SO7939) was part of the grant; see Monasticon Anglicanum, i. p. 609 (= Early Charters of the West Midlands, p. 106 no 267).
	1 FEMALE. The phrase et una ancilla is interlined but with no hair-line to show its correct position in the text.
	IN MALVERN [CHASE]. Part of the great northwards extension of Dean Forest, see 1,1c forest note.
	FROM THIS ... FROM IT. That is, from the woodland.
	PASTURE DUES. Domesday pasnagium, 'pannage', payment for pasturing pigs in the wood; see 3,3 pigs note.
	[TIMBER] FOR REPAIRING HOUSES. Compare WIL 13,10, among customary dues owing to the Church of Wilton's manor of South Newton: '... 80 cartloads of timber and fodder for 80 pigs and what may be needed for repairing houses and fences (ad domos et sepes reem[en]dandos)'.
2,32	CROOME. Of the three modern Croomes, Domesday distinguishes Hill Croome (Hilcrūbe: 2,34). The hide at 2,32 was Earls Croome; the 5 hides at 2,33 Croome d'Abitot; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 292.
	40[s]. In the manuscript sol[idos] is omitted in error, as happens several times. 'Evesham A112' (see {Appendix}) has 'Value 40s.
2,33	CROOME. For the identity, see 2,32 Croome note. The form in Domesday is ad Crūbe in Domesday, ad aliā Crumbe ('at another Croome') in Hemming (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 303). There are separate villages in later times, but aliam does not necessarily imply this; see 1,2 another note.
	SIGREF. Domesday Sirof; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 364.
	[HER] MOTHER. Presumably Sigref s widow.
2,34	HILL CROOME. For the identity, see 2,32 Croome note. It included the manor of Baughton (SO8741); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 321.
2,36	RALPH OF BERNAY. A supporter of Earl William of Hereford and sheriff of Hereford under him. He is found in 'Worcester G' (see {Appendix}) as a despoiler of church land under Earl William. He was imprisoned by King William, and his lands, including those where he was a subtenant fell to the crown. Bernay is in the département of Eure, France.
	QUEENHILL. Domesday Cūhille; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 155.
	AELRIC. Brother of Bishop Beorhtheah (Brictheah); see 2,4 Alric note.
	NOW IT IS IN THE KING'S HANDS. It is found in HEF 1,45, with
	additional detail, under the heading 'In Worcestershire'.
	VALUE WAS 40s. The current value is given as 40s in 'Evesham A116' (see {Appendix}).
2,37	BARLEY. Domesday Burgelege. See Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 141. It still survives as Barley House on Ordnance Survey six-inch maps.
	AS THAT ABOVE. That is, as in 2,36.
	NOW IT IS IN THE KING'S HANDS. See 2,30 Brictric note.
2,38	BLOCKLEY. 38 HIDES. The 38 hides comprised 25 ½ hides in lordship (2,38) and 12 ½ hides of sub-holdings (2,39-43). These 38 hides are accounted for in 'Evesham A117;120' (see {Appendix}) as 33 at Blockley and 5 unnamed hides held by Hereward. This man is only found in Domesday in 2,43 as holder of the 5 hides at Evenlode which are accounted for separately in 'Evesham A122' but without a holder's name. The unnamed 5 hides of 'Evesham A120' must be accounted for in the 25 ½ lordship hides of Domesday. They may have been at Dorn (SP 2034): 'Worcester B7' (see {Appendix}) has a marginal note added de hoc manerio tenet Urso v hidas in Dorne; similarly in 'Evesham C42'. See VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 293 note 7. Urso's tenancy there may have been missed by the Domesday Commissioners, or post-date Domesday. Dorna is held by the Bishop of Worcester in Book of Fees, p. 35. In 'Worcester C6' (see {Appendix}) the bishop has 24 hides 'with his lordships and Ditchford': he had presumably lost the unnamed 5 hides, which had been part of the lordship land (see below), but gained the 2 hides held in 1086 by Richard at Ditchford (2,39) and the 1 ½ hides of villagers' land held in 1086 by Ansgot (2,40).
		The manor of Blockley also included the hamlets of Aston Magna (SP 2035), Draycott (SP1835), Upton Wold (SP1434) and Paxford (SP1837); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 267.
2,40	VALUE IS ... 15s. 'Evesham A119' (see {Appendix}) has '£15', probably in error.
2,41	[CHURCH] ICOMB. Domesday Iacūbe; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 143. This was the northern part of the modern parish, transferred to Gloucestershire in 1844, the southern portion having been there in 1086. See VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 412.
	IT IS ASSESSED WITH THE HEAD OF THE MANOR. That is, at Blockley. The sentence replaces a value clause which should fall at the end of the entry, the entry for meadow having been omitted originally in error.
2,42	STEPHEN SON OF FULCRED. Both in 'Evesham C41' and in 'Evesham D7' (see {Appendix}) Stephen son of Wulfwy replaces 'Stephen son of Fulcred' which is found here in Domesday and in 'Worcester B7'. If this is the same man, the parental name presents a problem, unless Fulcred is his father's name and Wulfwy(nn) his mother's name. However, the Latin text has Wlwi in 'Evesham C41' and Wlfwi in 'Evesham D7' whereas Old English Wulfwynn is usually represented Uluuen (JSM).
	DAYLESFORD. 'Evesham N5' has: 'Deilesford, 3 hides of lordship [land]. William Hastings has them'; see {Appendix}. William Hastings was the founder of the Hastings family who held Daylesford until the nineteenth century; VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 336-7 (JSM)
2,43	HEREWARD <OF WEDDINGTON> HELD. Latin tenuit is probably an error for tenet, which seems to be implied in 'Evesham C41; and 'Evesham D7' (see {Appendix}); it may be an indication, however, that the land had not been returned to him after the Bishop of Bayeux had removed it (2,44).
		The name Hereward occurs on eight holdings, in four counties, and may represent three individuals. All four holdings of an Hereward in Warwickshire had been held by the same man in both 1066 and 1086, a pattern so distinctive that there can be little doubt that the four were held by the same individual. Other English survivors also held from both Thorkil of Warwick and the Count of Meulan in 1086. Given the comparative rarity of the name, it is further possible that the Hereward who had held Evenlode in Worcestershire before the Conquest was the same individual. The distances involved make this plausible; and two Evesham satellite texts indicate that the 'held' of Domesday Book is an error for 'holds' (and held), in which case the argument for identification is stronger: two survivors with an uncommon name in a restricted area is unlikely. Although it was cautiously suggested by Freeman (Norman Conquest (2nd edition), iv. pp. 826-33), and less cautiously by some later writers, that this Hereward may have been the Hereward the Wake of legend, Domesday Book contains no evidence to support this; and absence of any reference in the legendary sources to the Midland properties tends to confirm the silence of Domesday Book (JP).
	EVENLODE. 'Evesham N5' has: 'Eunelad', 7 hides of lordship [land]. Now a man-at-arms called Brian has them'; see {Appendix}. The figure vii. is probably a mistake for v. (5), which is the assessment given here in Domesday, in 'Evesham A122', 'Evesham C41' and 'Evesham D7'. It is not possible to link Brian with the Poers and their subtenants, the Evenlodes alias the Devylls, who held Evenlode from the twelfth to the fifteenth century; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 348 (JSM).
2,44	ABBEY OF EVESHAM. Domesday abb' can abbreviate abbas ('abbot'), abbatia ('abbey') and occasionally abbatissa ('abbess'). Abbatia is clearly intended here, for the end of the sentence reads de abbatia accepit. However, 'abbot' is used in both 'Evesham C41' and 'Evesham D7'; see {Appendix}. In both these abbreviations the wording is as here in Domesday, except for one word in the latter (see 2,44 bishop note).
	DAYLESFORD AND EVENLODE. . For the dispute between Worcester Church and Evesham Abbey about this estate and other lands, see 10,11 Hampton note, 'Evesham D7' in the {Appendix}, and VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 336; 348. According to 'Evesham N1;5' (see {Appendix}) they were 'acquired' by Odo of Bayeux from the Church of Evesham; see WOR 11 Bishop note.
	BISHOP OF BAYEUX. See WOR 11 Bishop note. 'Received' (Latin accepit) is a polite way of saying 'seized': abstulit ('took away') in 11,2 and 'Evesham D7', per uiolentiam abstulit in 'Evesham N1' (see {Appendix}). Until Odo's final downfall in England in 1088 it was not politic to be frank about his numerous thefts of church land.
2,45	TREDINGTON. See 'Worcester B8' in the {Appendix}. The manor included Talton (SP2347), Newbold-on-Stour (SP2446) and probably Armscote (SP2444); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 544-46.
	SMALLHOLDERS. In the manuscript bord' is partly obscured by an ink smudge, so that only the first and last letters are discernible.
	£12 10s. 'Evesham A123' (see {Appendix}) has £15.
2,46	BLACKWELL. For its earlier history, see 'Worcester G17' in the {Appendix}.
2,47	LONGDON. Near Shipston-on-Stour, now in Warwickshire, to be distinguished from the Longdon near Upton-on-Severn held by Westminster Abbey (8,9a).
2,48	NORTHWICK. Held by the Bishop of Worcester as Norwyk iuxta Wygorniam, in 'Oswaldsow' Hundred, in Feudal Aids, v. p. 306.
	25 HIDES. The detail amounts to only 23 ½ hides, the omitted land being given as 1 ½ hides in Offerton, value 25s, in 'Evesham A129' (in the {Appendix}, and see 2,52 Hindlip note). 'Evesham C46' has 26 hides.
		In the Domesday manuscript hid' is interlined with a hair-line to show its correct position in the text; this hair-line is not reproduced in Farley.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	100 CARTLOADS OF TIMBER. As fuel to boil the water out of the brine; see 1,3a brine-pits note.
2,49	90 HOUSES. The detail amounts to 89.
	THE THIRD PENNY. A third of a borough's total revenue, the remaining two-thirds going to the king; see Round, 'Tertius Denarius'; and GLS Bl penny note.
	[VALUE]. Latin valuit or valebat is omitted, as sometimes elsewhere, the value being probably that of the third penny; see 2,50 value note.
2,50	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	VALUE. Perhaps the value of those parts of Northwick manor mentioned in 2,48 and here, excluding the borough revenue in 2,49.
	£16 10s. 'Evesham A125' (see {Appendix}) has '£16 3s'.
2,51	25 HOUSES. Perhaps the same as the 24 houses in 2,49; otherwise they are additional to the 90 there mentioned; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 242.
	THEY PAY. Or perhaps 'he pays'; Latin redd't could abbreviate the singular reddit or the plural reddunt.
2,52	HINDLIP AND OFFERTON. 'Evesham A126' (see {Appendix}) assigns all 5 hides to Hindlip and 'Evesham A 129' an additional 1 ½ hides to Offerton in terra de Lege; see 2,48 hides note.
	FOREST. See 1,1c forest note.
	EDRIC THE STEERSMAN. Stirman; the commander of a ship or fleet. Other steersmen are Thorkil (8,1), Hugolin (BRK 58), Wulfheah (BDF 53,15) and Stephen (HAM S3. WAR B2); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 271. Edric is probably the same man as Edric de Hindelep who witnessed the settlement of the dispute between Evesham Abbey and Worcester Church concerning Hampton and Bengeworth. He had been steersman of the Bishop of Worcester's boat in King Edward's time and leader of the bishop's army in the king's service; see 'Worcester H2' in the {Appendix}. He also occurs in NFK 10,76.
2,53	WARNDON. In 'Evesham C50' (see {Appendix}) the original abbreviation of the Domesday entry has been replaced by '(Urso) holds 2 hides in Warndon and Trotshill' (SO8855) and '½ hide in White Ladies Aston'; see 2,68 hides note.
	[WHITE LADIES] ASTON. Or Aston Episcopi; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 88.
2,54	AELFEVA THE NUN. Domesday Elfgiua, elsewhere Aelueua, both from Old English Ælfgifu; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 173.
	ON THE TERMS SHE COULD BEG. See 2,4 terms note.
2,55	3 HIDES AND 1 VIRGATE. 'Evesham A127' (see {Appendix}) has '3 ½ hides'.
	[WHITE LADIES] ASTON. See 2,53 Aston note.
	LORDSHIP OF THE HEAD MANOR. The head manor is probably Northwick (2,48). Grammatically capitali agrees with dominio ('chief lordship'), but its position and similar phrases elsewhere in Domesday (for example, NTH 18,8 cum capitali manerio appreciata est) suggest that it is intended to describe manerii, the final -i perhaps being a mistaken genitive, attracted by manerii.
2,56	ODDINGLEY. See 'Worcester G19' in the {Appendix}.
	SALT-HOUSE ... MEADOW. Latin salinā and ac[ra]s are accusative after h[abe]t.
	[* VALUE 15s *]. The value is omitted in Domesday; 'Evesham A128' (see {Appendix}) has 'value 15s'.
2,57	3 PACKLOADS OF CORN. The size of the packload (summa), when applied to corn or grain, is unknown; it occurs several times in Worcestershire (2,57;80;82. 8,23. 9,7. 19,1;4;8-9. 28,1). Summa is used of salt several times in connection with Droitwich. In the case of salt in Cheshire (CHS S1,4) a packload contained 15 bulliones ('boilings').
	SERVING AS A COUNTRYMAN. He rendered services such as a countryman did. A rusticus was probably a less prosperous villager; see VCH Wiltshire, ii. p. 55; and 10,4 here. Compare 2,4 rustico opere.
2,58	WHITTINGTON AND 'RADLEY'. Whittington was alienated from the church by Earl William acccording to 'Worcester G22' (see {Appendix}); see 2,5 Whittington note. 'Radley' (Domesday Rodeleah) was left unidentified by Domesday Gazetteer; it is mentioned in the bounds of Whittington in 989 and was probably on the northern border of the parish not far from Swinesherd, close to the present Red Hill; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 516 note 51.
	ONLY FOR FIRE-WOOD. That is, not for hunting or pasturing of pigs. The wood possibly went to the salt-houses at Droitwich, see 1,3a brine-pits note. Compare 2,48 and 2,48 timber note.
	LIKE THOSE ABOVE. That is, Thorkil and Wulfric (2,56-57).
2,59	CHURCHILL. Adjacent to Worcester; see Feudal Aids, v. p. 308. To be distinguished from the Churchill near Kidderminster (23,7).
2,60	BREDICOT. See 'Worcester G21' in the {Appendix}.
2,61	`PERRY'. Domesday Pirian, now represented only by Perry Wood; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 161, which omits the Domesday reference.
2,62	OVERBURY. The survey of the monks' land now begins; see 2,2 bishop note. 'Worcester B10' in the {Appendix} has the heading de terra monachorum. The holding at Overbury included Conderton (SO9637) and that at Pendock included Berrow (SO7934); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 470, 258. Berrow appears as a part of Pendock in 'Evesham A135' (see {Appendix}) in the form Alaberge. This represents à la berge, a fusion of a French preposition and article with Old English beorg ('hill, 'hillock', 'mound', 'grave-mound'). This same Berrow and others in Worcestershire occur as la Berwe or la Berge in early documents.
2,63	DODA. Domesday Dodd[us] may well be derived from a different form of the name, but he is clearly the same man who occurs in the dative as Dodoni in 2,24; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 263.
	HOLDS IT. From the parallel case in 2,24 it would appear that tenet here is a mistake for tenuit: Aldred has proved that the monks, not Doda's son, have the right tothe land.
	ARCHBISHOP ALDRED. See 2,20 Aldred note.
	PROVED [THEIR] RIGHT TO. Latin diratiocinatus est, deponent; see 2,24 proved note.
2,65	"WIBURGESTOKE". It is similarly associated with Harvington as Wiburga Stoke in a later hidage schedule, 'Worcester C' ((Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 314); see {Appendix}.
2,66	[***] STICKS OF EELS. There is a small gap in the manuscript after redd', the number being omitted until ascertained.
2,67	MEADOW, 6 ACRES; WOODLAND. In the Latin ac[ra]s and siluā are accusative after h[abe]t.
	THE SAID MANOR. That is, Grimley (2,66).
2,68	HALLOW. The manor probably included Kenswick (SO7958); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 368.
	10 HOUSES. Compare the Worcester Priory Register (Hale, p. 52a).
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	2 RIDERS HOLD 2 HIDES. These hides were sited at Ravenshill (SO9056) and Dunhampstead (SO9160) according to 'Worcester B10' in the {Appendix}. 'Worcester G24' there records that Urso seized Ravenshill from the church, perhaps this holding although it is not held by Urso in Domesday, perhaps a part of Warndon (2,53) which is adjacent and held by Urso in 1086.
2,69	WALTER OF 'BURGH'. Burch in 'Evesham C65' (see {Appendix}), del Burc in 'Evesham Q29' (a later survey of Droitwich), probably referring to the same man. The Domesday form is Burh, representing Old English burg, burh ('fort', 'fortified place', 'manor', 'town', 'borough'). The 'burgh' here implied is not known, perhaps Eastbury itself, or the neighbouring burgh of Worcester.
	EASTBURY. Domesday Eresbyrie; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 129. For the dispute with Evesham Church involving this land, see 10,11 Hampton note. Land here was lost by the church to Urso; see 'Worcester G13' in the {Appendix}.
2,70	ALRIC HELD THIS LAND. He obtained both these members of Hallow from his brother, Bishop Beorhtheah (1033-38), and lost them to Earl William; see 'Worcester G22' in the {Appendix}.
2,71	HUGH OF GRANDMESNIL. Sheriff of Leicestershire, died 1094. Grandmesnil is in the département of Calvados, France.
	LYPPARD. Earlier Leopard, Domesday Lappewrte; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 161.
	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See 1,1d Baldwin note.
	1 PLOUGH AND 6 OXEN. Normally there were 8 oxen to a plough-team; see 1,1c ploughmen note.
	CHURCH TAX. See 2,21 tax note.
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF THE LAND. Recognition that it was in the bishop's jurisdiction. It had been given by Bishop Beorhtheah to a retainer; see 'Worcester G23' in the {Appendix}.
2,72	CROPTHORNE. The charter of King Offa of Mercia (Early Charters of the West Midlands no. 227 p. 95 = Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, no. 235 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 118) allots the 50 hides as 7 at Cropthorne, 1 at Netherton, 2 at Elmley Castle, 1 at Kersoe, 14 at Charlton, 15 at Hampton and 10 at Bengeworth. Though spurious, the charter probably details the members of Cropthorne correctly. The detail of Domesday amounts to 40 hides, the 10 hides not accounted for being at Hampton (2,74 hides note). These 50 hides were said to have been part of the Hundred of Cuthbergelawe; see 2,1 'Oswaldslow' note and {Introduction: Hundreds}.
2,73	11 HIDES. They were at Charlton (SP0045) and Elmley Castle (SO9841). Robert's acquisition of Elmley Castle is described in 'Worcester G25' (see {Appendix}); the 7 hides he held of Charlton ('Worcester G26') were formerly held by Godric, the other 7 hides being an unnamed part of Cropthorne. Robert died without issue, Elmley Castle passing to the Beauchamps, heirs of his brother Urso, and becoming caput of their barony. 'Evesham A146' (see {Appendix}) gives '2 hides' in error, the value, '£7', being correct.
	2 FEMALE SLAVES. In the manuscript and Farley ancillę; the Ordnance Survey facsimile does not reproduce the diphthong sign.
	KENWARD. See 2,13 Kenward note,
	ON THE TERMS THEY COULD BEG. See 2,4 terms note.
2,74	ABBOT OF EVESHAM. Or 'abbey'; see 2,44 abbey note.
	5 HIDES. Hampton was a 15-hide member of Cropthorne (see 2,72 Cropthorne note and 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}). The disputed portion was probably Little Hampton, the remaining 10 hides being Great Hampton. They were later freed from tax: a later hidage schedule, 'Worcester C' (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 315; see WOR {Appendix}) states: v hidas apud Hamtun geldantes et x sunt quietae a geldo per breve regis ('5 hides at Hampton [are] tax-paying and 10 hides are free of tax by the king's writ').
	HAMPTON. Subject of the great dispute between Worcester Church and Evesham Abbey; see 10,11 Hampton note. Only the hidage is here given, the details appearing in 10,11. The compromise was reached before the Domesday Commissioners; see 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}. The entry is omitted in 'Worcester B' ((Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 307), on which abbreviation see the {Appendix}.
	THE OTHER [OBLIGATIONS] ARE FULLY DISCHARGED AT THE CHURCH OF EVESHAM. A difficult phrase. Tota, if not an error (tota for cota for quota 'share'), must agree with a feminine noun understood, probably terra ('land'). Quieta means 'exempt', 'immune', in Domesday before de or ab (see C3 exempt note); here with ad it probably has the force of 'paid', 'obligation discharged'. Despite the change of tense from habuit to ē (abbreviating est), the phrase clearly explains the preceding sentence: that the Bishop of Worcester received before 1066 (and probably still receives in 1086) only the tax due to his hundred ('Oswaldslow' Hundred), all other obligations being now (and probably then) discharged at Evesham; see 10,11 Hampton note and 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}.
2,75	ABBOT OF EVESHAM. Or 'Abbey', see 2,44 abbey note.
	4 HIDES ... 6 HIDES. The details of the 4 hides are given in 10,12; the remaining information here refers to the 6 hides held by Urso. In 1066 half of Bengeworth had been held by Arngrim and half by Azur; see the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 97); 'Worcester G27-28' in the {Appendix}. The Abbot of Evesham proved Arngrim's 5 hides to be his and was holding four of them in 1086, the fifth hide, mentioned in 10,12, being added to the 5 hides held by Azur that were held in 1086 by Urso. For a history of the estate, see VCH Worcestershire, ii. p. 397. The 6 hides are valued at £3 in 'Evesham A147' (see {Appendix}) and described as pars Willelmi, probably William de Beauchamp, heir of Urso.
	BENGEWORTH. Like Hampton, it was involved in the great dispute with Evesham Abbey; see 10,11 Hampton note and 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}.
2,76	IN 'ASH' HUNDRED. The 300 hides of 'Oswaldslow' have been accounted for in 2,2-75. Domesday now lists the holdings of the church in other hundreds. In 'Worcester C' (see {Appendix}), these remaining lands are said to be de Kinefolka, that is, land of the 'king's people', referring to the north of the county, held by or subject to the Crown and contrasting with the south which was mainly church land; see Anderson, English Hundred Names, p. 139; and {Introduction: Hundreds}.
	CLEEVE [PRIOR]. 'Prior' to distinguish it from Cleeve Bishops in Gloucester; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 314.
	[ATCH] LENCH. Adjacent to Cleeve Prior. At 10,14, Atch Lench is 4 ½ hides, the odd ½ hide here making a 5-hide unit; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 297 note 5.
	1 SESTER OF HONEY. An unusual render from a mill; see 2,8 sester note.
	VALUE WAS £7. 'Evesham A7' (see {Appendix}) records this as the present value, no past values being given in that document.
2,77	PHEPSON. Domesday Fepsetenatun, the fuller form surviving in Fepsinton Farm; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 137.
	6 HIDES. The number is omitted in the abbreviation 'Worcester B' ((Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 308), but is given as 1 hide in the later hidage schedule 'Worcester C' ((Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 316); see {Appendix}on these documents.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
2,78	CROWLE 5 HIDES. 'Evesham A10' (see {Appendix}) has 'Croela Odonis, 6 hides'.
	IN DROITWICH A SALT-HOUSE. There is a gap, due to an erasure of about two letters, between salina and Wich, with the in written above.
		On Droitwich, see 1,3a Droitwich note.
	SIGMUND [* THE DANE *]. Holder of both Crowles (see 19,14) at one time; see 'Worcester G20' in the {Appendix}.
2,79	HANBURY. Domesday Hambyrie; Hambury iuxta Wycham in Feudal Aids, v. p. 306. The corresponding entry in 'Evesham A8' (see {Appendix}) gives 3 hides and a value of 100s. The holding probably included Temple Broughton (SO9461); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 377.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	URSO HOLDS ½ HIDE. This was at Estwde (Astwood, SO9365, in Dodderhill parish) according to 'Evesham C75' (see {Appendix}); see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 281.
2,80	BESIDE THE CORRESPONDING ENTRY in 'Worcester B' (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 308; see WOR {Appendix}) is the marginal note De Ciricsceate ('On Church Tax'); see 2,21 tax note.
	SHIRE. Latin vicecomitatus. Since each county (comitatus) had its sheriff (vicecomes) but few (including Worcestershire) had an earl (comes), the terms are interchangeable.
	ONE PACKLOAD OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
	FREE. Free of tax, that is, lordship land.
	MARTINMAS. November 11th.
	BUT IF ... FORFEITURE ... LAND. Compare 9,7.
2,81	`BADDINGTON'. Baddington mill is found on the Ordnance Survey first edition one-inch map; Bant Mill (Ordnance Survey six-inch map) seems to stand on the site; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 359.
	LORDSHIP. In the manuscript there is an ink blot over the last two letters of d'nio and the s of sunt.
	7 "ORAE". That is, 11s 8d at 20 pence to the "ora"; see C2 "ora" note.
2,82	6 OUTLIERS. One was at Waresley (SO8470), 5 hides later held by Urso, its alienation described in 'Worcester G16' (see {Appendix}). It is mentioned also in a later hidage schedule, 'Worcester C' (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 315); see {Appendix}. Another two outliers were probably Pepwell and Upper Mitton; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 384-85; and 1,2 Mitton note.
	10 PACKLOADS OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
2,83	WOLVERLEY. See 'Worcester G17' in the {Appendix}. The holding included Horseley, Cookley and Burton: VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 568.
2,84	THIS ENTRY and the next (2,85) were written in a cramped version of the same hand, probably inserted later.
	COFTON [HACKETT]. This was a manor of ½ hide, later naming the parish; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 57; and 26,3 Cofton note.
	WAST HILLS. Also West Hill on the Ordnance Survey six-inch map; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 335.
	`TONGE'. In Alvechurch; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 335. According to Habington, Survey of Worcestershire, it lay between Alvechurch and Lea End.
	HIS WOOD. That is, his forest; see 1,1c forest note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
2,85	ON THE HANDWRITING of this entry, see 2,84 entry note.
	EARDISTON AND KNIGHTON[-ON-TEME]. Included in 'Worcester B14' (see {Appendix}) under the heading de Linderyge (Lindridge, SO6769) which lies between them; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 444-45.
	15 HIDES. [***]. There is a gap sufficient for about seven letters following these words and in the right-hand margin rq' (for require, 'enquire'). The scribe may have been unclear whether the 15 hides was a total or 15 hides each, and left a gap for a clarifying word.
	A FURTHER 3 PLOUGHS. Exceptionally on an estate of the church; see 2,80. For fieri, see 1,5 possible note.
3	THE BISHOP OF HEREFORD. Robert Losinga, bishop 1079-1095.
3,2	KYRE. The three Domesday holdings (also 19,4;7) no doubt included the later Kyre Magna (Wyard) and Little Kyre; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 55-56. Kyre had been part of the great Gloucestershire manor of Westbury-on-Severn (GLS 1,11).
	BISHOP WALTER. Bishop of Hereford 1061-1079.
3,3	INKBERROW. Probably Great Inkberrow; see 2,16 Inkberrow note.
	EARL HAROLD. Son of Earl Godwin and brother of Queen Edith; King of England from 6th January 6th to 14th October 1066. William the Conqueror did not recognize his title to the crown, hence the use of 'earl' instead of 'king' in Domesday. He was Earl of East Anglia (1045), received half of Swein's earldom (1046), Earl of the West Saxons on his father's death in 1053, Earl of Hereford (1058). His holding of Inkberrow will have dated from before his accession; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 299 note 3. Com with a nunnation line over the m in the manuscript and Farley, but the abbreviation sign is not reproduced in the Ordnance Survey facsimile.
	13 PLOUGHS. In 'Evesham A6' (see {Appendix}) the men have 12 ploughs.
	100 PIGS. See 19,14 'woodland ½ league for 100 pigs'. The latter may simply mean that ½ league is sufficient wood for supporting 100 pigs; the present entry seems to be a payment for the right of pasture, on which see MDX 2,1 pigs note; SUR 1,2 pigs note; SUS 2,5 pig note.
4	[THE CHURCH OF] SAINT-DENIS. The Abbey of St Dionysius (Saint-Denis) in Paris. This single holding in Worcestershire at Droitwich probably represents the provision of salt for the church's land at Little Compton in Gloucestershire which had belonged to the Gloucestershire abbey of Deerhurst (GLS 20,1).
4,1	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
5,1	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	HIS PARK. Latin parcus is usually an area of woodland reserved for the chase within the bounds of the manor, contrasting with foresta (see 1,1c forest note). In HEF 1,41 a park is expressly said to be 'for wild animals'.
		This same park is mentioned in 14,2 and survived into the sixteenth century; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 207.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
6	CHURCH OF CORMEILLES. Cormeilles is near Pont L'Evêque in the département of Eure, France; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 84. It was a Benedictine Abbey founded c. 1060 by William son of Osbern (see 1,1b William note).
6,1	½ HIDE. Only the first letter of dimidiā is on the line, the rest being interlined, due to an erasure. 'Evesham C86' (see {Appendix}) has '1 hide'. See GLS 1,11 Clifton note and 'Worcester G4' in the {Appendix}.
	EARL WILLIAM GAVE IT. William son of Osbern, Earl of Hereford 1067-1071. The confirmation charter of Henry II is in Monasticon Anglicanum, vi. p. 1077; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 240. Other gifts by him to the church are mentioned in HEF 1,39;47.
7,1	THE SAME CUSTOMARY DUES. The king's ½ hide is 1,7; no due or right is there mentioned (see 1,7 hall note), but it may have been the toll on the conveyance of salt, remitted under King Stephen; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 73 note 19. For such a toll, see GLS 1,57.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
8	LAND OF ST PETER'S, WESTMINSTER. The 200 hides of the church's lands, together with the 100 hides of Pershore Church (WOR 9) formed a great triple hundred akin to 'Oswaldslow' Hundred (WOR 2). The lands of Pershore and Westminster churches were inextricably intermingled, the churches sometimes sharing a village. The Westminster lands had originally belonged to Pershore, which still retained some rights over all 300 hides (see 9,7), but were taken thence by King Edward the Confessor for Westminster Abbey; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 183; VCH Worcestershire, i. pp. 257-59. The notification of King William that St Peter's, Westminster, should have Pershore (8,1-28) and Deerhurst (GLS 19,1-2) as given by King Edward with all the customs which pertained to them when in Edward's hands is in Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i. no. 32. Another notification, possibly spurious, appears in Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i. no. 234. The original grant of 300 hides to Pershore is in a suspect charter of King Edgar: Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, no. 1282 (= Early Charters of the West Midlands, no. 120 p. 116 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 786). Pershore at 200 hides seems to have been regarded as a single manor, with a number of outliers; see 8,22 outlier note.
		In a number of entries in the chapter, a gap is left before the value clause (8,1-2;5;9a;9d;9e;10a;16-17).
8,1	200 HIDES. The detail amounts to 198, a further hide at Droitwich probably being in Clent Hundred; see 8,13 Droitwich note and WOR {Introduction: Hundreds}.
	THORKIL, KING EDWARD'S STEERSMAN. See 2,52 Edric note.
8,2	WICK. Formerly Wick-by-Pershore, granted by King Edward to St Peter's; the notification is dated 1076-82 in Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i. no. 166; see also 8,13 St Peter's note.
	6 HIDES. '6 ½ hides' in 'Evesham A34' and in 'Evesham C89' (see {Appendix}); the ½ hide is interlined in the latter.
	URSO. His depredations included churches other than Worcester; see WOR 26 Urso note.
	1 HIDE. It is held by Robert in 'Evesham A47' (see {Appendix}). In 'Evesham B', Urso holds 3 hides at Wicha Inardi, the manor of Wick Piddle; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 169-70. For Inardus, see 8,25 Robert note.
	GILBERT ½ HIDE. The manor of Wick Warren; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 170.
	VALUE 25s. The ½ hide is worth 10s, the 1 hide 15s, in 'Evesham A46-47' (see {Appendix}).
8,6	BOTH WOOD AND OPEN LAND. The Latin is int[er] siluā 7 planū, the same phrase being found at 9,2 and 10,10, and similar ones elsewhere in Domesday, for example, HRT 10,9. CHS 2,7. GLS 1,57. GLS 10,11.
8,7	ECKINGTON. 'Evesham A50' (see {Appendix}) names an undertenant here as Hugh de Wllavesella [now Woollashill, SO9440], holding 3 hides, probably those of "Turstin"; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 72.
	2 COTTAGERS. Cot' for cotarii, apparently similar to cotmanni, cotmani.(translated 'cottage-men'; see 20,6 cottage-men note). For an allied group, coscet (singular), coscez and cozets (plural), in the south-western counties, see SOM 8,30 cottagers note and WIL M3 cottagers note. Cotarii often occur in Domesday Wiltshire in the same entry as coscez, suggesting a distinction; likewise cotarii are distinct from cotmanni in the Worcester Priory Register (Hale, p. 59b), though in each case the distinction is obscure. See Maitland, Domesday Book and Beyond, pp. 39-40. Cottagers (cotarii) are rare in Worcestershire, occurring in 8,11;16-17;21;24. 15,8. 19,14. 20,1.
	6 FREEDMEN. Coliberti, former slaves. A continental term, not otherwise found in England, used in Domesday to render a native term, stated on three occasions to be (ge)bur (8,10a and HAM l,10;23). The coliberti are found mainly in the counties in Wessex and western Mercia, particularly in Wiltshire and Somerset. Some of them at least seem to have held land and ploughs and paid various dues, as here and also in HEF 1,6. The only other occurrence of coliberti in Worcestershire is 8,10a; see 8,10a boors note. See also OXF 1,6 boors note.
	MEADOW, 16 ACRES. In Urso's holding ac's is accusative, no doubt a scribal error for the nominative ac' (acrae).
8,8	WALTER PONTHER. On this man, see 2,5 Walter note. His 1 hide is named in 'Evesham A52' (see {Appendix}) as Bokindona ['Bucknell', last represented by 'Bucknell Wood', lost in Besford; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 187].
	IT IS ... WASTE. Exceptionally it has a value; see also 9,6c and 21,1. 'Evesham A52' (see {Appendix}) has 'value 16s'. See HEF 6,1 waste note.
8,9a	LONGDON. See 2,47 Longdon note. This holding is treated differently in 'Evesham A41;53-61' (see {Appendix}). The 11 hides in lordship (8,9a) are at Longdon itself ('Evesham A41'). Roger of Lacy's 5 hides (8,9g) are at Staunton near Eldersfield (SO7829), now in Gloucestershire ('Evesham A53'); see Sawyer, 'Evesham A: a Domesday Text', p. 14; VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 198-99. King William's 5 hides 3 virgates (8,9c) are divided between 'Evesham A54' (5 hides at Eldersfield) and 'Evesham A57' (3 virgates; see 8,9c holds note). Drogo's 1 hide (8,9d) is 'Evesham A58', held by Alchere. William son of Baderon's 2 ½ hides (8,9f) are 'Evesham A60' (the manor of Birtsmorton; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 30). The 5 hides held by Urso (8,9e) are represented by 2 hides at Chaceley (SO8530), now in Gloucestershire ('Evesham A55'; Chaddesleia in 'Evesham B'; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 54); by 1 ½ hides at Longdon ('Evesham A 56', Langeduna Osmundi in 'Evesham B'), now Chambers Court in Longdon (see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 115); by 1 hide held by Warengar ('Evesham A59') and by ½ hide held by Robert ('Evesham A61'). On this, see Sawyer, 'Evesham A: a Domesday Text', p. 17.
	30 HIDES. The 11 hides of lordship land and the 18 hides held T.R.E. by 9 free men and held in 1086 by Norman tenants total 29 hides. But the individual non-lordship holdings total 19 hides 1 virgate, in both Domesday and 'Evesham A' (see {Appendix}). The 1 hide 1 virgate holding of Leofric (8,9g) seems to account for the excess.
8,9b	REINBALD [* THE CHANCELLOR *]. Reinbald canceler ('the chancellor'). Also called Reinbald the priest and Reinbald of Cirencester (BRK 61) of which church he was dean or provost. He was the first chancellor of England and held land in Berkshire, Dorset, Somerset, Buckinghamshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire; see Round, Feudal England, 421-30; Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i. pp. xiii, xv; Stevenson, 'Charter of William the Conqueror', p. 731 note. He held Eldersfield, adjacent to Longdon, but in Herefordshire (HEF 1,46)
	ALWARD. Domesday Eluuard[us], also Eluuard, Aluuard and Eluuar (8,9e Alward note) represents Old English Ælfweard.
	AELFRIC. Domesday Alfric; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 176; usually Aluric in Domesday, representing Old English Ælfric.
	GODRIC CLOCK. See Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 304.
8,9c	KING WILLIAM HOLDS 5 HIDES AND 3 VIRGATES. The 5 hides are named as lying at Eldersfield in 'Evesham A54', and in 'Evesham C104' (Eadresfeld); the remaining 3 virgates are probably those at Pull Court in 'Evesham A57'; see {Appendix}. Both estates are named, but with different detail in HEF 1,44;46.
	REINBALD [* THE CHANCELLOR *]. See 8,9b Reinbald note.
	[VALUE ***]. The value clause is omitted, perhaps because according to 'Evesham A54' (see {Appendix}) the 5 hides paid their dues in Hereford. See HEF 1,47 and HEF 1,47 manors note.
8,9e	URSO HOLDS 5 HIDES. Part was at Chaceley, part at Longdon, the latter forming the later manor of Chambers Court there; see 8,9a Longdon note. Both Chaceley and Chambers Court were held in later centuries from Urso's descendants, the Beauchamp Earls of Warwick, as ½ knight's fee each; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 54-55, 112-15
	OF THE ABOVE. That is, of the 9 free men of 8,9b.
	ALWARD. Domesday Eluuar with the final d omitted, clearly the same man as Eluuard[us] in 8,9b; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 181 and p. 410 (under the element -weard).
	8 MALE ... SLAVES. In the manuscript ii interlined above vi as an addition.
8,9g	ROGER OF LACY HOLDS 5 HIDES. At Staunton; see 8,9a Longdon note.
	[* IN STAUNTON *]. That is, Staunton near Eldersfield, an Ancient Parish; for the identification (as 'Staunton in Corse'), see VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 198-99. The parish is plain Staunton, sometimes called 'Staunton in [the forest of] Corse' to distinguish it from other places called Staunton. It was transferred from Worcestershire to Gloucestershire in 1931; see Finberg, Gloucestershire Studies, p. 51.
8,10a	POWICK. 'Evesham A42;62-67;70' (see {Appendix}) handle the details of the manor differently. Because neither 'Evesham A' nor Domesday give full hidage details for subtenancies, it is difficult to make detailed comparisons. The 3 hides of 'Evesham A42' correspond to 8,10a; Walter Ponther's estate (8,10d) is probably 'Evesham A70' at Clevelode in Powick (SO8247); see VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 186-87. Robert Parler's estate ('Evesham A63') was probably at Powick itself, the Poiwica Inardi of 'Evesham B' (see 8,25 Robert note). Urso's land (8,10b) is probably represented by 'Evesham A62-66', individual parts being at Powick ('Evesham A62'), Bransford ('Evesham A64'), Madresfield at SO8047 ('Evesham A65'; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 119) and at Ad Bergam ('Evesham A66'). 1 hide of this land was at Poiwicha Willelmi de Bello Campo in 'Evesham B', now Beauchamp Court in Powick; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 224; VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 186-87. Gilbert son of Turold's estate (8,10c) is probably 'Evesham A67', that is, Pixham (in Powick, SO8348), although the values differ. The land of Arthur does not appear. Ad Bergam is probably 'Aggborough', a lost place in Madresfield, noted in Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 210, but without this reference. If derivation is from Old English ac ('oak') and beorg ('hill', 'hillock', 'mound', 'grave-mound'), the form found in 'Evesham A' is an early confusion with the Latin preposition ad; see the note to 'Evesham A66' in the {Appendix}.
	3 HIDES. Also said to be 3 hides in 'Evesham A42' (see {Appendix}). But Urso's holding alone is said to be 5 hides in 'Evesham A62'. If Urso's land is 3 hides and the manor 5 hides, the extra 2 hides would round up Westminster Abbey's share of Pershore Hundred to 200 hides; see {Introduction: Hundreds}.
	BOORS, FREEDMEN. Latin buri, from Old English (ge)bur, glossed in an interlineation as colib[er]ti. The reverse occurs in HAM 1,23, where vel bures is interlined above coliberti; see 8,7 freedmen note .
	AETHELWARD. Domesday Ageluuard, clearly the same man as Aeluuard in 8,10b, despite the different spelling. From Old English Æthelweard; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 188.
	KETILBERT. The occurrence of Ketelbern below (8,10c), clearly the same man, suggests alternative spellings of the same name, or perhaps a scribal error. For the latter entry, 'Evesham C111' (see {Appendix}) has Ketelbertus. Compare Osbertus /Osbernus in 'Worcester D' (note; see {Appendix}) and 'Evesham C14;46'; also DEV 43 Osbern note.
8,10b	URSO HOLDS. See 8,10a Powick note.
	AELWARD. [* AETHELWARD *]. See 8,10a Aethelward note .
8,10c	GILBERT SON OF TUROLD HOLDS. At Pixham; see 8,10a Powick note.
	KETIL[BERT]. See 8,10a Ketelbert note.
8,10d	WALTER PONTHER HOLDS. At Clevelode; see 8,10a Powick note .
	½ PLOUGH. '2 ploughs' in lordship in 'Evesham A70' (see {Appendix}); no villagers' ploughs are mentioned there.
8,10e	2 PLOUGHMEN. The Latin is bou' probably abbreviating bouarios ('ploughmen'; see 1,1c ploughmen note), rather than boues ('oxen'), which VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 301, has.
8,11	[UPTON] SNODSBURY. Domesday Snodesbyrie. Upton and Snodsbury were originally separate settlements, Upton here being included in the hidage of Snodsbury. The abbot holds Upton Stephani in the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 566) and Book of Fees, p. 139, and the Earl of Warwick (the abbey's successor in some lands) holds the same Upton in Feudal Aids, v. p. 305; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 230.
	7 HIDES AND 1 VIRGATE ... 1 OF THESE HIDES ... . In the manuscript 7 una virg' and hidis have been interlined, the original text reading '7 hides, 1 of these has never paid tax' or 'never pays tax'; see 8,11 never note.
	HAS NEVER PAID TAX. The Latin nunq[uam] geld' could possibly be translated 'never pays tax', since geld' can abbreviate geldat and geldabat; see 9,6a tax note.
	2 FRENCHMEN WHO SERVE. Latin seruientes probably in the same sense as faciebat seruitium (for example, 8,9b;14) rather than implying land held by serjeanty, on which see LEC 13,63 Frenchmen note. There is, however, a possible equation between 1 Frenchman (10,16) and the quidam serviens of 'Evesham A11' (see {Appendix}).
	URSO HOLDS. The land was at Cowsden (SO9453).The place appears as Coulesduna in 'Evesham A68', Colleduma in 'Evesham B'; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 210; and {Appendix}for these texts.
8,12	[MARTIN] HUSSINGTREE. Two separate villages merged in the sixteenth century; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 213. King Edgar's charter of 972 (WOR 8 Westminster note) grants 5 mansae at Martin and Hussingtree.
	100 CARTLOADS OF TIMBER. See 2,48 timber note .
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
8,13	DROITWICH. The 1 hide may have been in Clent Hundred with the rest of Droitwich, rather than regarded as an outlier of Pershore.
	4 FURNACES. For boiling the water from the brine, perhaps not distinct from the salinae, see 1,3a brine-pits note.
	ST PETER['S] ... TITHE AT DROITWICH. See Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i. no. 166, a notification dated 1076-82 of various grants to St Peter's, Westminster, including the 'tithe of all that the king holds in Droitwich'.
8,14	DORMSTON. 'Evesham A69;71' (see {Appendix}) seem to correspond in the number of ploughs and total value; the 2 hides of Albert were thus at Pidelet, North Piddle (see 8,15 Piddle note).
8,15	[NORTH] PIDDLE. Piddle is a river-name, now the Piddle Brook. For relevant discussion, see Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 14, 155, 222; Ekwall, Dictionary of English Place-Names, under Worcester; Ekwall, English River Names, under Wyre; and 9,1a Piddle note. The place 'Piddle' held by the church of Westminster is North Piddle; see Feudal Aids, v. p. 305. Domesday Pidelet here and at 8,18 appears to contain the Norman French diminutive -et, meaning 'Little' Piddle, presumably in contrast to Wyre Piddle (Domesday Pidele: 2,19) in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 222. 'Little' must be supposed to refer not to the size of the holdings (Pidelet contains 9 hides and Pidele 5 hides), but to the size of the river. It may thus refer to an area rather than to a specific place. Dormston (8,14) is some way from the modern North Piddle, but part of it was at Pidelet; see 8,14 Dormston note. Rivers often thus name holdings in Domesday Wiltshire and Dorset and the places are always difficult to locate precisely. The present land is said in 'Evesham A72' and 'Evesham B' (see {Appendix}) to be at Flavel and Pidelet (Flyford Flavell and North Piddle); see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 83. In view of this, it must be asked whether the -et suffix form which appears in such instances (see Introduction to the Survey of English Place-Names, i. p. 94, and add Barnjet for Banning, Kent, from Wallenberg, Place-Names of Kent, p. 133, and Wallenberg, Kentish Place-Names, p. 8) and which has been identified with the French diminutive (Zachrissen, 'Some English Place-Name Etymologies', p. 127), should not rather be supposed to be the Norman French adoption of an Old English collective suffix -ett (English Place-Name Elements, p. 160, under -et). Pidelet would then more sensibly mean 'the Piddles', 'the places on, near or by Piddle', 'the Piddle district'.
	5 HIDES. In the manuscript ii hidę was originally written, but corrected to v hidę. In 'Evesham A72' (see {Appendix}) these hides are held by Robert Parler, on whom see 8,25 Robert note.
8,16	ALWARD, SAEWULF AND ^[ANOTHER]^ ALWARD. In the text the names are added, apparently as an afterthought, after T.R.E., as in 8,9b and 8,26.
	10 HIDES. Ibi x. hide is added in the left-hand margin.
	HERBRAND [* OF PONT-AUDEMER *]. Note on this identification to be supplied (JP).
	3 HIDES AND 1 VIRGATE. '3 hides and 3 virgates' in 'Evesham A73'; see {Appendix}. Probably the manor of Sheriffs Naunton; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 145.
8,17	GRAFTON [FLYFORD]. Graftona Ebrandi in 'Evesham B' (see {Appendix}); see Feudal Aids, v. p. 305; Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 200-201.
	2 HIDES, LESS 1 VIRGATE. '1 hide and 2 virgates' in 'Evesham A74'; see {Appendix}.
	REAPED. The Latin is secabat ('cut'), which 'Evesham C123' (see {Appendix}) replaces by the more exact falcabat ('scythed').
	IN THE MEADOW. That is, in the meadow of his lord, domini being omitted; compare 8,23.
8,18	[NORTH] PIDDLE. See 8,15 Piddle note.
	4 HIDES. '3 hides' in 'Evesham A75' and 'Evesham B' (Pidelet Radulfi), the number of taxable hides; see {Appendix}.
8,19	6 HIDES. '6 ½ hides' in 'Evesham A76'; see {Appendix}.
8,20	GRAFTON [FLYFORD]. See 8,17 Grafton note.
	VALUE ... NOW 70s. 'Value 69s' in 'Evesham A77'; see {Appendix}.
8,21	[VALUE ***]. Apparently omitted in error.
8,22	IN THE SAME OUTLIER. That is, in Peopleton. In 8,21 Peopleton has not been said to be part of a manor; the implication is that all the lands in chapter 8 are regarded as outliers of the manor of Pershore; see WOR 8 Westminster note.
	THE ½ HIDE HAS NEVER PAID TAX. In 'Evesham C128' (see {Appendix}), the 3 ½ hides did not pay tax, probably a careless misreading of Domesday.
	THE OTHER ALWY [***] HELD 1 HIDE. In the manuscript a gap of about 7 letters follows, due to an erasure. Farley did not always print such gaps. The 'other Alwy' may be the Alwy Blaec of 8,9b.
	WULFRIC. There is no mention of who holds his land,
	NOTHING THERE EXCEPT 2 ACRES OF MEADOW. The rest of the hide is presumably waste.
	VALUE OF WHAT WALTER HOLDS 50s. Transposition signs direct the phrase to its proper place following the 'meadow, 10 acres'.
8,23	COMBERTON. Included Little Comberton and a part of Great Comberton; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 57, 61. For another part of Comberton, see 8,27.
	ONE OUTLIER OF 10 HIDES. It is named in 'Evesham A80' (see {Appendix}) as Strenchesham (Strensham, SO9039); see VCH Worcestershire, iv. pp. 203-205.
	ASGOT ... SERVED LIKE THE OTHERS. Like Alwy, the other Alwy and Wulfric of 8,22 and Edric of 8,23.
	30 PACKLOADS OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
8,24	BROUGHTON [HACKETT]. Brocton Inardi in 'Evesham B' (see {Appendix}); see 8,25 Robert note.
	BRICTMER ... SERVED LIKE THE OTHERS. Like Alwy, the other Alwy and Wulfric of 8,22, and Edric and Asgot of 8,23.
8,25	ROBERT PARLER. For the byname, see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 263, and compare Reaney, Dictionary of English Surnames, under Parlour. Robert and his descendants held other church land of which Urso was the legal or illegal tenant in 1086. A Robert Parler holds North Piddle in 'Evesham A72' (= Domesday 8,15) and a part of Powick is called pars Roberti Parlere in 'Evesham A63'; see {Appendix}. A descendant of Robert was Isnard or Inard Parler who holds what is probably this same part of Powick in 'Evesham B' (see 8,10a Powick note). Hampton Lovett (26,17) is Hamtun quam Inard Parler tenet in 'Evesham D1'; see {Appendix}. Other places held by Urso in Domesday are named after Inard Parler in 'Evesham B': Brocton Inardi (Broughton Hackett: 8,24) and Wicha Inardi (Wick: 8,2). Innerstone probably has the same origin; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 157; and 2,25 hides note). For a discussion of the name Inard, Old German Isenard, see Foote and Brown, Early English and Norse Studies, p. 55.
	A PIECE OF LAND. Frustum terrae, an unusual expression, probably indicating that it had not been, or was not known to have been, hidated.
	APPEAR IN THE HUNDRED. Latin pergit means 'goes', 'proceeds', 'travels', implying that this land is not represented at meetings or courts of the hundreds and that it pays no dues or services. The Revised Medieval Latin Word-List, under pergo, suggests 'pay suit'; Round in VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 303, has 'nor owes services at the hundred court'. In HEF 1,72 ('Newarne') 2 ½ hides are said to have 'met' or 'come to hundred meetings' (conveniebant), and in HEF C3 a horse owner went (pergebat) to hear pleas and to hundred meetings.
	WITHOUT ... LIVESTOCK. Latin pecunia normally means 'cattle' (= animalia) in Domesday, its original Latin meaning (from pecus: 'herd'), rather than 'money'. It possibly refers here to the plough oxen. Elsewhere in Domesday it sometimes has the sense 'resources'.
8,26a	ALFRED OF MARLBOROUGH. Lord of Ewyas Harold in Herefordshire where he was a tenant-in-chief; see HEF 19 Alfred note.
	[SEVERN] STOKE. Clearly in Pershore Hundred in Domesday, but 12 hides are included in 'Ash' Hundred in 'Evesham A17' (as Stokes Roberti; see {Appendix}); a further 3 hides are also listed in 'Ash' Hundred but de feudo Westmonasterii. Boselin's land appears in Pershore Hundred in 'Evesham A82'.
	ALWARD AND WULFRIC. The names appear after T.R.E., apparently as an afterthought; see 8,16 Alward note.
8,26b	AND PAY. Or 'it (the hide) pays': redd't abbreviates both reddit (singular) and reddunt (plural); see 2,51 pay note .
8,26c	IN TOTAL, VALUE. That is, the total value of 8,26a, 8,26b and 8,26c. 'Evesham A82' (see {Appendix}) gives the value of Boselin's land as 20s.
8,27	COMBERTON. The estate was later known as West Green; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 58.
	AZUR. From Old Danish Azur; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 172, under filius Azer. 'Evesham C138' has Artur (Arthur), an interesting instance of rationalization of a misunderstood reading (probably Azzur); see {Appendix}. An Arthur appears in 8,10e.
	NOW 20s. It is '10s' in 'Evesham A83'; see {Appendix}.
8,28	£83. The manuscript and the Ordnance Survey facsimile have qt' with an abbreviation sign for a written above the q (making it quater, 'four times') Farley omits the abbreviation sign over the q.
9	ST MARY'S OF PERSHORE. Pershore Abbey. Its 100 hides, with the 200 hides of Westminster Abbey (WOR 8), formed the triple hundred of Pershore which had all belonged formerly to Pershore Abbey; see WOR 8 Westminster note and {Introduction: Hundreds}.
9,1a	PERSHORE. 'Evesham A149-156' (see {Appendix}) arranges the matter differently, detailing each outlier in turn and supplying additional information. The hidage given for the outliers is: Chivington 3 hides; Wick ½ hide; Abberton 6 ½ hides, value 25s; Drakes Broughton 3 hides (1 free); Wadborough 5 hides. Urso's 1 ½ hides (9,1b) held by Acerus were at Comberton (so also in 'Evesham B'). They are said to be held from the king. See Sawyer, 'Evesham A: a Domesday Text', pp. 18-20.
	[DRAKES] BROUGHTON. Apparently represented in 'Evesham B' by Walecote and Torendune, that is, by the nearby Walcot ( SO9448) and Thorndon Farm (SO9149).
	AT [WYRE] PIDDLE. Or 'on the (River) Piddle'. Pidele is distinguished from North Piddle (Pidelet), see 2,19 Piddle note and 8,15 Piddle note. Wyre Piddle is adjacent to Pershore though held in Domesday by the Bishop of Worcester.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
9,1b	IN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. See 2,71 acknowledgement note.
	ONE REVENUE OR 20s. Firma here is a fixed amount in kind, generally commuted to money. Compare 'one night's revenue', on which see SOM 1,2 revenue note.
	A YEAR. The Latin in anno governs both the 'one revenue' and the '20s'.
	ON THE DAY OF KING EDWARD'S DEATH. 5th January 1066.
9,1d	ROBERT THE BURSAR. See 2,13 Robert note.
	A PARK. See 5,1 park note.
	LORDSHIP VILLAGERS. That is, those on the lordship land, 24 of them in 1086; see 9,1a.
9,1e	WADBOROUGH. 'Evesham A153' (see {Appendix}) gives the same story.
	COW PASTURAGE. The Latin is uaccaria; see Revised Medieval Latin Word List, under vacca.
	LIFE-SPAN OF THREE HEIRS. That is, of Godric and his two succeeding heirs; a common type of lease. Compare 'lives of 3 men' in 23,1.
	ONE REVENUE. See 9,1b revenue note .
9,2	OPEN LAND AND WOOD. See 8,6 wood note.
9,3	ALDERMINSTER. Now in Warwickshire. Domesday Sture; it is stura in 'Evesham A158', but in the right-hand margin is scilicet Aldremanestun' xx hide (see {Appendix}). Alderminster is a fifteenth-century corruption of 'Aldermanneston'; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 184. The early documents of the Worcestershire churches consistently distinguish between Sture in Ismere, the river of Stourport, and Sture without suffix, the Warwickshire river. The use of a river name for a town is especially common in Domesday Wiltshire, Devon and Dorset.
	11 PLOUGHS. '9 ploughs' in 'Evesham A158'; see {Appendix}.
	1 MAN-AT-ARMS. Rare in Domesday Worcestershire.
	2 HIDES. Probably at Goldicote (SP 2451); see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 8.
	THIS LAND PAYS TAX. Farley's text does not show that this addition is almost entirely written in the right-hand margin of folio 175b, sloping slightly downwards, the h' (haec) falling below the last stroke of the xvii (the value of the mills) two lines above. The scribe seems to be the same as for the main entry.
9,4	42 VILLAGERS WITH [***] 20 PLOUGHS. For the gap caused by a tear in the parchment, see 10,3 value note.
	ABBOT EDMUND. Abbot of Pershore; died 1085.
	URSO CLAIMS BACK THIS LAND. 'Evesham A160' says 'Urso claims these 4 hides mentioned above'; see {Appendix}. Besides the 2 ½ hides here, he is said in 'Evesham A155' to claim land held by Leofwin the priest. The value in 'Evesham A160' is that of the 2 ½ hides, however.
	EXCHANGED. The land involved is unknown. 'Evesham A160' says 'he exchanged them ... for the land of which he has now been dispossessed'; see {Appendix}.
9,5a	LEIGH. This place is Lega Ricardi in 'Evesham B'; see {Appendix}.
	3 HIDES. The detail amounts to 3 ½ hides in 9,5a-c.
9,5b	1 ½ HIDES. Probably the manor of Braces Leigh (SO7950); see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 104.
9,5c	BRANSFORD. According to 'Evesham N2', Bransford and Acton Beauchamp (11,1) were given by Abbot Aethelwig of Evesham to Urso in exchange for Bengeworth (10,11 Hampton note); see {Appendix}.
	THE COUNTY. That is, the county court. The singular dicit comitatus slips naturally to the plural nesciunt.
	ABBOT OF EVESHAM. Abb' can abbreviate abbas or abbatia ('abbot' or 'abbey'); if the former, it refers to Aethelwig who succeeded Manni in 1058 when the latter was seized by paralysis (the Evesham Chronicle: Macray, p. 87). Manni is said to have died on the same day as King Edward the Confessor, 5th January 1066 (the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 88).
	ON THE DAY OF KING EDWARD'S DEATH. 5th January 1066.
9,6a	DOES NOT PAY TAX. The Latin non geld', perhaps means 'did not pay tax', since geld' can abbreviate both the present geldat and the past geldabat, see 8,11 never note.
	IN HEREFORDSHIRE. Domesday Herefordshire records parts of Mathon: ½ hide held by Roger of Lacy and ½ hide by Drogo son of Poyntz, both held before 1066 by thanes of Earl Oda (HEF 10,39. 23,6). Mathon was for centuries a westward projection of Worcestershire. If 'Bagburrow' (HEF 2,28) is correctly identified, Mathon will in 1086 have been divided from Worcestershire by a part of the Herefordshire hundred of "Wimundestreu", thus forming a detached portion of the county. The Worcestershire part of the parish was transferred to Herefordshire in 1897. On Earl Oda, see HEF 1,44 Oda note.
	THE COUNTY. See 9,5c county note .
9,6c	WASTE. VALUE 5s. Waste land sometimes has a value; see 8,8 waste note .
9,7	THE COUNTY STATES. The whole entry, preceded by a gallows sign, is written in a smaller version of the main hand; probably added later.
	CHURCH TAX. See 2,21 tax note .
	ALL THE 300 HIDES. That is, the former possessions of the Church of Pershore, now divided with Westminster Church; see WOR 8 Westminster note. Mathon (9,6), being in 'Doddingtree' Hundred, is not included in the 300 hides.
	ONE PACKLOAD OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
	AT MARTINMAS. November 11th.
	IF THAT DATE SHOULD BE MISSED. The Latin is si dies ille fract[us] fuerit, literally 'if that day should be broken'; that is, should he fail to pay corn on the day due. Compare 2,80.
	FIRST HE SHALL PAY WHAT HE OWES. The packload of corn first agreed.
10	CHURCH OF EVESHAM. Evesham Abbey had difficulty in retaining its lands under William I in the face of claims from Worcester Church and the depredations of Urso and Odo of Bayeux. Abbot Manni was crippled by paralysis in 1058 (see 9,5c abbot note) and was succeeded by the powerful Aethelwig (Alwin in Domesday), who acquired many lands for the abbey (listed in the Evesham Chronicle: Macray, p. 95). He died in 1077 and his successor Walter found his authority and his ownership of lands under immediate attack; see 10,11 Hampton note and 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}. A later survey of the Evesham manors taken c. 1104 is 'Evesham J'; see {Appendix}.
10,1	[IN 'FISHBOROUGH' HUNDRED]. The heading is implied in 10,2, all the places in 10,1-10 being in this hundred.
	3 FREE HIDES. [***]. The rest of the line is blank after this in the manuscript. The parchment is roughed up here, with a triangular mark after liberę; it is not possible to tell whether the scribe intended to fill the gap later. 'Evesham A18' (see {Appendix}) describes these hides as not paying tax.
10,2	'FISHBOROUGH' HUNDRED. An ecclesiastical hundred consisting of 65 hides and 12 acres of the lands of Evesham Abbey, and forming, apart from Oldberrow and Ombersley, a compact area around Evesham. The total hidage given to 'Fishborough' in 'Evesham A18-32' (omitting 'Evesham A30', Bengeworth, which should be in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred) is 65 hides 2 virgates; see {Appendix}. The two additional virgates are at Littleton; see 'Evesham A21'. 'Evesham A' has 1 hide more at Offenham, but 1 hide less at Badsey. Domesday notes that the hundred is made up to 100 hides by additions (20 hides of 'Doddingtree' Hundred and 15 hides of Worcester) that do not belong to Evesham; see {Introduction: Hundreds}.
	OF THESE, 12 HIDES ARE FREE. They are 3 hides at Evesham (10,1); 1 hide at Lenchwick (10,3); 1 hide at Offenham (10,5); 1 hide at Aldington (10,5); 3 hides at Wickhamford (10,6); 3 hides at Ombersley (10,10).
	20 HIDES OF 'DODDINGTREE'. They are not detailed; see {Introduction: Hundreds} .
	15 HIDES OF WORCESTER. Cities and boroughs are normally allotted a notional number of hides in Domesday, the figure being sometimes stated as for Droitwich (15,14; see 15,14 hides note) sometimes being necessary to make up the total for the hundred. According to C1 the 'city settled for 15 hides'.
10,3	LENCHWICK ... NORTON. The context implies the parish of Norton near Evesham. 'Evesham A20' treats Norton separately, but the entry for Lenchwick ('Evesham A19') includes the ploughs and value for both; see {Appendix}.
	2,000 EELS. That is, 80 sticks at 25 eels to the stick.
	VALUE BEFORE 1066 £7 [***]. The gap printed by Farley is caused by a tear in the parchment, with perhaps one or two letters erased before it; Farley did not print the gap caused by the same tear on the other side of the folio (9,4 after xlii vill' cū).
10,4	OLDBERROW ... 12 ACRES. A detached portion of 'Fishborough' Hundred, now in Warwickshire. The modern parish is considerably larger.
	COUNTRYMEN, PIGMEN. Rustici, presumably a noun in apposition to porcarii, defining their status (see 2,57 countryman note); as an adjective ('rustic', 'rural'), it would be otiose.
10,5	OFFENHAM ... LITTLETON ... BRETFORTON ... ALDINGTON. 'Evesham A21-24' (see {Appendix}) arranges the details differently. For Offenham, 'Evesham A22' gives 2 hides, one of them free, where Domesday lists only 1 free hide. From 'Evesham A22' it is evident that the 3 ploughs in lordship and the 7 villagers' ploughs were at Offenham, and the 1086 value in Domesday is that for Offenham. Domesday omits ½ hide at Littleton ('Evesham A21'), 2 lordship ploughs and the present value, 70s. 'Evesham A21' has 8 men's ploughs at Littleton, Domesday has 4 ploughs at a place unspecified, held by 2 riders and 2 Frenchmen. Bretforton's 6 hides are said by 'Evesham A24' to belong to Aldington, confirmed by later evidence; see Sawyer, 'Evesham A: a Domesday Text', pp. 16-17'; VCH Worcestershire, ii. p. 355.
	LITTLETON. The foundation grant (Early Charters of the West Midlands p. 88 no. 10 = Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, no. 125 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 80) of 13 mansae is accounted for by this Littleton and the entry at 10,8. The grant was said to have contained three Littletons; see the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 71). The present entry is probably South Littleton, closest to Offerton; those at 10,8 were probably Middle Littleton and North Littleton; see VCH Worcestershire, ii. p. 409.
	OXEN FOR 1 PLOUGH. Usually eight; see 1,1c ploughmen note.
	THEY DRAW STONE TO THE CHURCH. An exceptional entry. The earliest parts of Offenham church seem to be fifteenth century; those of Bretforton and Littleton, thirteenth century; see VCH Worcestershire, ii. pp. 423, 364, 410. While there may have been earlier churches on these sites, the stone was probably being taken to the nearby abbey church of Evesham. It had been largely rebuilt in 1044-58 by Abbot Manni, being consecrated c. 1053 (see the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle under that year), but it was still being renewed and extended under Abbot Walter; see VCH Worcestershire, ii. p. 386; the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 55). The latter (Macray, p. 97) records of Abbot Walter: fecit etiam cryptas et ecclesiam superius usque ad navem, excepta turri, quam non perfecit nisi arcus et primas fenestras ('he also made the crypts and the church higher above ground as far as the roof of the nave, apart from the tower which he did not complete apart from the arches and the first openings').
10,7	BADSEY. 'Evesham A32', a later addition in a different hand, allots 5 ½ hides to the village and 4 ploughs to the villagers; see {Appendix}.
	2 PLOUGHS; [***]. A gap of about 12 letters follows the ploughs, before the villagers, due to an erasure.
10,8	LITTLETON. See 10,5 Offenham note.
	VALUE ... 70s. 'Value 50s' in 'Evesham A27'; see {Appendix} .
10,10	THE CHARTERS OF THE CHURCH. For early grants of immunity in Ombersley, see Early Charters of the West Midlands, nos. 201 and 11, pp. 87, 89 (= Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, nos. 116, 130 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, nos. 54, 1250)
	BOTH WOOD AND OPEN LAND. See 8,6 wood note.
	2,000 EELS. See 10,3 eels note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	VALUE ... NOW £16. 'Evesham A29' adds et Burgones xx solidos; see {Appendix}. Burgones is a difficult word; it is not found in the Revised Medieval Latin Word-List nor in its successor, the Dictionary of Medieval Latin, and it only occurs in Ducange, Glossarium, in the sense of 'sheepfold', a meaning unlikely here. It could originate in a badly-written form of Old English burgmen plural of burgmann ('a burgher', 'a man who lives in a burh or town'). It could equally be a mistaken form of burgenses ('burgesses') written burgēses: the nunnation mark would have been lost and a poorly written e read as an o and insular s as n. But this does not fully resolve the problem, since the Domesday entry has no mention of burgesses. It is possible, however, that they were in Droitwich, which is adjacent and is mentioned in the entry.
10,11	HAMPTON. Domesday records (2,74-75) the Bishop of Worcester holding 5 hides at Hampton and 4 hides at Bengeworth (10,12) as tenant-in-chief, with the abbot as subtenant; see 2,74 hides note and 2,75 hides note. Only the hidage is there given, the details being entered here. This compromise, affecting the disputed parts of the two lands, was finally arranged before the Domesday Commissioners to the effect that the two lands belonged tenurially to Evesham Abbey, but fiscally and juridically to Worcester Church; for the latter reason they are counted in the bishop's Hundred of 'Oswaldslow'; see 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}; and Bigelow, Anglo-Norman Pleas, p. 288. 'Evesham A30-31' reflects the delicacy of the arrangement by apparently including the 4 hides of Bengeworth in 'Fishborough' Hundred; see {Appendix}.
		The immediate dispute had involved Hampton and Bengeworth and some houses in Worcester; but the rival claims were much older and involved more lands; see VCH Worcestershire, ii. p. 397-99; the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, pp. 95-97; Hemming (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, pp. 270-73 ). Both Evesham Abbey and Worcester Church claimed rival foundation grants, and neither was above forgery. Evesham Abbey claimed a grant of 708 by Coenred, King of Mercia (the Evesham Chronicle: Macray, p. 72) or of Coenred and Offa (King of the East Angles) of 709 giving them 9 mansae at Bengeworth and Hampton (Early Charters of the West Midlands, no. 10 p. 88 = Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, no. 125 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 80). Worcester Church, on the other hand, maintained that the land was part of Cropthorne, granted by Offa of Mercia in 780; see 2,72 Cropthorne note. A later group of doubtful charters seem to give Evesham Abbey land and rights at Hampton and Bengeworth, two of them attested by bishops of Worcester; see Early Charters of the West Midlands, nos. 340, 344, 354-55 pp. 127-129 (= Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, no. 48 = Kemble, Codex Diplomaticus, nos. 938, 911, 941 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, nos. 991, 1223, 1052, 1398).
		The dispute lasted throughout King William's reign. Domesday records an uneasy compromise in 1066, the 5 hides of Hampton paying only tax to the bishop in 'Oswaldslow' Hundred, all other services and dues being discharged at Evesham. The compromise reached in 1086 was preceded by a number of stages. On the death of Abbot Aethelwig (1077), according to the Evesham Chronicle his successor Walter was unwilling to accept the homage of a number of men who had held Evesham lands from Aethelwig, but hoped instead to secure their lands. These men turned to Odo, Bishop of Bayeux and half-brother of the king, and he, on the king's instruction, held a court at "Ildeberga" (see 10,12 "Ildeberga" note) to judge the case. Instead of awarding the lands to the abbey, or to its tenants, he awarded them to himself and succeeded by this means in acquiring 28 villages. Of these, Walter succeeded in recovering Bengeworth and Hampton (and other lands mentioned below in this note) and may briefly have enjoyed full possession and all rights. It is to this stage that Walter's proving of his right to 5 hides at Bengeworth recorded in Domesday 10,12 probably belongs; see the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 96); Bigelow, Anglo-Norman Pleas, p. 20.
		It is unlikely that Odo can have awarded himself lands of Evesham Abbey at a judicial enquiry in the simple way that the aggrieved writer of the Evesham Chronicle suggests; it is more likely, as Hemming (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 273) suggests, that Odo seized the lands on the death of Aethelwig and that the enquiry at "Ildeberga" was about their return. The the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 97) refers to the recovery in these terms: de hiis [terris] vero, Walterus Abbas Westune, Hamptune et medietatem de Beningwrthe (quam Ernegrim tenuit) revocavit; medietatem vero, quam episcopus dedit Assere, occupavit Urso ('Now, of these [lands], Abbot Walter regained Weston, Hampton and half of Bengeworth (which Arngrim held); but Urso seized the half that the bishop gave to Azur'. Arngrim's 5 hides were the 5 proved by Bishop Walter, Assere is the Azur of Domesday 2,75, the 1066 holder of 5 of the 6 hides held there by Urso in 1086.
		B.L., Cotton Vespasian B xxiv, folio 28, contains two writs relating to these restorations (calendared in Regesta Regum Anglo-Normannorum, i. nos. 185-86, printed in Macray, Chronicon Abbatiae de Evesham, p. xlviii). The first is from King William to Archbishop Lanfranc and Odo and confirms on Evesham Abbey, Weston and Swell (in Gloucestershire) and Bengeworth 'and other lands'. The second is from Odo himself to Wulfstan (Bishop of Worcester) and Urso, Durand and Walter, sheriffs of Worcestershire, Gloucestershire and Warwickshire, explaining that William has confirmed on Evesham Abbey the lands that the abbot proved before 7 shires (sic; '5 shires' in the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 97), '4 shires' in Domesday 10,12): Weston, Swell, Bengeworth, Bevington, Wixford, Oldberrow, Kinwarton, Hillborough and Ragley. Hemming (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, p. 273), telling the tale from the Worcester viewpoint, says that Odo sought from his half-brother King William all the lands which Aethelwig had held, apart from those that rightly belonged to the abbey, and in the process acquired the lands Acton, Eastbury, Bengeworth etc. that Aethelwig had himself acquired from Worcester Church.
		The outcome of this plea at "Ildeberga" did not please Bishop Wulfstan (see 'Worcester G28' in the {Appendix}) and further litigation ensued: (a) a hearing, probably in Worcester itself, before Geoffrey, Bishop of Coutances, at which the abbot acknowledged a number of Worcester Church rights over the lands; (b) an attempt by the bishop to persuade the Domesday Commissioners that Hampton and Bengeworth were of his lordship (these stages are discussed in considering 'Worcester H' in the {Appendix}).
		Earlier in William's reign, other lands had been involved in the dispute between Worcester Church and Evesham Abbey. Hemming (Hearne, Hemingi Chartularium, pp. 270-73) contended that both Aethelwig and Wulfstan had enjoyed the king's support, but that while Wulfstan was interested in spiritual matters, Aethelwig had used his power to the disadvantage of the rival church, acquiring Acton Beauchamp, Eastbury (2,69), Bengeworth, some houses in Worcester and Milcot and Weston in Warwickshire from the monks, as well as Evenlode and Daylesford (2,42-44) from the bishop. The Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 95 )admits that Evesham obtained these lands, but claims that Worcester Church had earlier seized them from Evesham Abbey along with Stratford-on-Avon (WAR 3,2) and Fladbury (2,15) which the abbey never recovered. Bengeworth was acquired by Aethelwig from Urso in exchange for Acton Beauchamp and Bransford (see 11,1 exchange note).
		Some of these lands were among the 28 villages said to have been taken from the abbey by Odo and which were never recovered. These are listed in 'Evesham N' (see {Appendix}) and in the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 97). The lists differ, the Evesham Chronicle adding Ragley, Temple Grafton, a second Chastleton, a second Salford and two Milcotes. In 'Evesham N', Lower Swell, Upper Slaughter and Childswickham seem to displace Hudicote (Hidcote Boyce), Stoke (Lark Stoke) and Westun (Weston-on-Avon) in the list contained in the Evesham Chronicle. Two of these lands, Acton Beauchamp and Sheriffs Lench, are found in the Bishop of Bayeux's fief (11,1-2); others fell into other hands.
	7 PLOUGHS. '6 ploughs' in 'Evesham A31'; see {Appendix}.
	A YOUNG VINEYARD. The Latin is uinea nouella. The phrase is classical, vineas novellas alligato crebro ('support young vines often'): Cato, De Agricultura, 33,4.
10,12	BENGEWORTH. For the dispute involving Hampton and Bengeworth, see 10,11 Hampton note.
	ABBOT WALTER. Abbot of Evesham 1077-1104. The chronology of the Evesham abbots is difficult; it is discussed in VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 264 by Round, and corrected in VCH Worcestershire, ii. p. 126. The dates quoted in older sources for Walter's death vary from 1084 to 1104. He is found as a witness to documents dating from the last years of the eleventh century and the first years of the twelfth. The earlier date for his death, found in the Evesham Chronicle and Round, is probably based on a misunderstanding of Domesday 26,16 'Abbot Walter ... held it for more than 7 years', which records the length of Walter's tenure of Hampton Lovett prior to Urso's acquisition of it; not the time from his accession to his death.
	"ILDEBERGA". This place occurs as Gildeneberga in the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 97) and as Gildbeorh in Early Charters of the West Midlands, no. 118 (= Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, no. 1238 = Kemble, Codex Diplomaticus, no. 1362 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no. 1325). In the charter it appears in the bounds of Evenlode, on the road between Moreton-in-the-Marsh and the four stones which preceded the present four shires stone and probably the four shires themselves; see JRM in WAR 3,4 sheriffdoms note; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 124; Place-Names of Gloucestershire, i. p. 219; VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 307 note 3. Until the 1931 boundary changes, the four shires which met here were Worcestershire, Warwickshire, Gloucestershire, and Oxfordshire. In WAR 3,4 Bishop Wulfstan is reported as establishing his claim to part of Alveston before Queen Matilda (wife of King William, died 1083), in the presence of four sheriffdoms, probably on the same site.
	THE BISHOP OF BAYEUX. See WOR 11 Bishop note.
10,13	RANULF. Brother of Abbot Walter; see 'Worcester H2' in the {Appendix}; VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 307.
10,14	ATCH LENCH. '3 ½ hides' in 'Evesham A12', the current value being 20s. See 'Evesham P15' and note. For these texts, see {Appendix}.
10,15	BEVINGTON. See 10,11 Hampton note. Wood Bevington (SP0553) and Cock Bevington (SP0552) are in Warwickshire, Bevington Waste is partly in Warwickshire and partly in Worcestershire; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 331; Place-Names of Warwickshire, pp. 220-21. The 1086 boundary may have been in a different place. Wood and Cock Bevington, as members of Salford Priors, were no doubt silently included in that estate in Domesday (WAR 43,1), held by the nun Leofeva. They were later held by Kenilworth Priory, similarly as part of Salford Priors; see Feudal Aids, v. p. 178; Lay Subsidy Roll (1334), p. 326.
10,16	CHURCH LENCH. 'Evesham D5', 'Evesham J10', 'Evesham P17' (see {Appendix}) and the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 97) record Urso as holding land here from Walter, a fact omitted by Domesday, unless the arrangement was made after 1086; see the Introduction to 'Evesham P' in the {Appendix}.
	1 FRENCHMAN. Seemingly the quidam serviens of 'Evesham A11'; see {Appendix}.
10,17	MESSUAGES. Probably houses, but masura, mansura can include a group of buildings, see WIL M1: 'In ... Malmesbury ... 25 messuages (masuras) in which there are houses (domus)'. Masurae also occur in 23,12. See SOM 26,6 plots note; Ellis, General Introduction to Domesday Book, i. p. 244; Dictionary of Medieval Latin, under mansura.
11	BISHOP OF BAYEUX. Odo, half-brother of King William and elder brother of Robert, Count of Mortain. He was Earl of Kent from 1066/67-1082, then from 1087-88, and 'regent' during some of King William's absences abroad, notably in 1067 with the Earl of Hereford, William son of Osbern. At the time when Domesday was written he was in prison in Rouen, and many of his lands (as here and in Gloucestershire) were forfeited to the king. He was released by King William on his deathbed in 1087, returned to England, but rebelled against William Rufus, was defeated in 1088 and all his lands in England were confiscated. He fled to Normandy, dying in 1097. Bayeux is in the département of Calvados, France.
		Both his lands in Worcestershire were obtained from Evesham Church. He had removed other lands from that church, some of which he gave to Urso the sheriff; see 10,11 Hampton note and 'Evesham D' and 'Evesham N' in the {Appendix}.
11,1	HELD. Odo's confiscated fief had not yet been granted afresh.
	IN EXCHANGE [***]. According to 'Evesham D2' (see {Appendix}), Abbot Aethelwig gave the land to Urso in exchange for land the latter had seized at Bengeworth which was nearer to the abbey. On the death of Aethelwig, Urso repossessed Bengeworth also. 'Evesham N2' adds that the exchange included Bransford as well (9,5c). The Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 95) echoes this latter version, saying has duas villas [Brainesford, Actune] dedit Ursoni pro Beningwrthe quam injuste occupavit, sicut medietatem iterum postea fecit et omnes tres iniuste detinet ('He gave these two vills [Bransford and Acton Beauchamp] to Urso in exchange for Bengeworth which he (Urso) unfairly seized, just as he did half again later and he is holding on to all three unfairly'). The monks of Worcester claimed that Bishop Aethelwig had first dispossessed them of Acton, before Urso seized it from the abbot; see 'Worcester G2' in the {Appendix}.
		The gap of about two letters after excābitionē, is due to an erasure in the manuscript.
11,2	[SHERIFFS] LENCH. So called from Urso the sheriff; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 290, iii. p. 46; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 331. It is Lenz Bernardi in 'Evesham A4' and 'Evesham D4', the current value in the former being given as 40s; see {Appendix}.
	CHURCH OF EVESHAM. Domesday records a grant of 2 hides by Gilbert son of Turold; 'Evesham D4' records this as a purchase by Aethelwig. The other 2 hides belonged to the church before 1066. See also 'Evesham N3'. For these Evesham texts, see {Appendix}.
	EARL WILLIAM. See 1,1b William note.
	ABBOT ALWY. The same man as Alwin, 26,15-16; he is Ageluuius in the Evesham Chronicle, and the Aethelwig of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
	1 GOLD MARK. Usually reckoned at £6.
	COLLECTED THE GOLD FOR THE KING'S USE. The Latin recepit is usually translated 'acquired' in this edition; the context however demands 'collected' or 'received'. See SOM 1,14 William note.
12	ST GUTHLAC'S. That is the Priory of St Guthlac in Hereford.
12,1	NIGEL THE DOCTOR. One of King William's doctors and possibly also doctor to Earl Roger of Shrewsbury: Monasticon Anglicanum, vi. p. 750, but see VCH Shropshire, i. p. 290. He also held land once belonging to St Guthlac's in HEF 7.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
12,2	THIS ENTRY was written later, below the marginal rulings, at the foot of folio 176a exdented into the left-hand margin by about three letters. Transposition signs indicate its correct position in the text.
13	THE CHAPTER HEADING is omitted. The presbiteri of 13,1 are styled clerici in the List of Landholders (folio 172a). A heading for Clent Hundred needs to be understood from 12,1 in the absence of a chapter heading.
14	EARL ROGER. Roger of Montgommery, Earl of Shrewsbury from 1074 until his death in 1094.
14,1	HALESOWEN. See 23,6 Warley note, {Introduction: County Boundary} and SHR 4,1,5 Chawson note.
	10 HIDES. [***]. In the manuscript there is a gap of about 13 letters after the number of hides, possibly for a fraction or for geld[antes]; see 'Worcester D' in the {Appendix}.
	1 ½ HIDES ... FROM THE EARL. The Latin is i. hid' de comite 7 dimid': the ½ hide seems to have been an afterthought. This part of the manor was probably at Romsley (SO9679); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 145.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
14,2	SALWARPE. See SHR 4,1,5 Chawson note.
	YOUNG ALWIN. Domesday cilt, from Old English cild ('childe', 'born to an inheritance', 'well-born', 'a young nobleman'). See Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 244. He was son of Godwin and nephew of Earl Leofric; he repudiated his father's will restoring the estate to Worcester Church, see 'Worcester G14' in the {Appendix}.
	5 HIDES. [***]. In the manuscript there is a gap of about 13 letters after the number of hides, possibly for a fraction or for geld[antes]; see 'Worcester D' in the {Appendix}.
	PARK. See 5,1 park note .
15	RALPH OF TOSNY. Ralph III, also called Ralph of Conches (see 15,6 Bayton note). He was son of Roger I of Tosny and brother-in-law of William son of Osbern: Douglas, William the Conqueror, p. 86. He was lord of Clifford Castle in Herefordshire, his chief seat being at Flamstead in Hertfordshire (HRT 22,1). He died some time before March 1102. Tosny and Conches are in the département of Eure, France. Place-names in Toney, for example, Newton Toney in Wiltshire, are named after his descendants.
15,1	WORSLEY. Identified by VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 234, as Wordley in Astley, but see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 37 note 1.
15,2	`LINDON'. Domesday Linde. In Rock parish. It lay to the north-east of the parish, but has not been precisely located; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 57, 63; VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 323.
	EARL ALGAR. Earl of East Anglia 1051-52 and 1053-57, then Earl of Mercia 1057-62. He was outlawed in 1055 and again in 1058, but won back his position on each occasion with the help of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, King of Gwynedd and Powys. Algar was the son of Earl Leofric and the Lady (Countess) Godiva; father of Earls Edwin and Morcar; died c. 1062.
15,3	"HALAC". Probably in Rock parish; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 320.
	2 PLOUGHS POSSIBLE. The transposition sign for 12,2 is next to this line, not, as Farley printed it, on the line below; but though displaced from its normal position in the manorial details, this addition belongs with 15,3 rather than with 12,1.
15,4	ALTON. Acquired from Worcester Church; see 'Worcester G9' in the {Appendix}.
15,5	ROCKMOOR. Domesday More, formerly Moor in Rock, held as Mora Hugonis by Roger de Toeney in 'Evesham B' (see {Appendix}). This land is later known as the manor of Cheney's More; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 322. For another part, see 15,7.
15,6	BAYTON. Included the manors of Shakenhurst (SO6773) and 'Tymberlake'; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 238. A 'hay' (see 2,7 enclosure note ) is mentioned in Bayton in the grant of Alton (15,4) 'with its church and all his forest of Wyre and all he had therein save his hedged enclosure (haia) at Beitone' by 'Ralph de Conchis son of Roger of Tosny' to the Abbey of Saint-Evroult: Round, Calendar of Documents, France, no. 625 p. 219.
15,7	ROCKMOOR. See 15,5 Rockmoor note.
15,9	ASTLEY. Taken from Worcester Church, according to 'Worcester G10' in the {Appendix}. In 1210-12 William of Beauchamp held Shrawley (SO8064) from Ralph de Toeni (the Red Book of the Exchequer: Hall, p. 567), possibly a part of this holding of Astley, to which it is adjacent.
	[THE CHURCH OF] SAINT-TAURIN. In Evreux, in the département of Eure, France. For the grant, see Round, Calendar of Documents, France, no. 316 p. 106.
	ERNSI <OF PAINSWICK>. The Domesday form of this name, Ernesi, represents Old English Earnsige: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 243. JRM preferred the first element Ern- for Old English Earn- and the second element -si for Old English -sige, as they reflected the Domesday spelling. The Phillimore printed edition has Ernsy and (in Gloucestershire) Erneis; these have now been standardized as Ernsi. The Alecto edition has Earnsige. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Worcestershire.
		Although six tenants-in-chief had lands previously held by an Ernsi, it is likely that all had belonged to the same individual before the Conquest, the lord of the substantial manor of Painswick (GLS 39,8) and a number of other valuable properties in Gloucestershire, Herefordshire and Worcestershire. The restricted area in which the name occurs, the status and grouping of many of the properties, and an intricate web of interrelations between them, point to unitary ownership. Painswick, acquired by Roger of Lacy, is circled by the manors of Hascoit Musard and by that of Drogo son of Poyntz at Frampton, part of which Roger was holding illegally (GLS 54,1). Drogo also held another Ernsi manor, Swell (adjacent to one of the Musard manors at Eyford), as a tenant of Ralph of Tosny (GLS 45,6). William of Eu had also acquired an Ernsi holding in Swell (GLS 1,12). Both Roger of Lacy and Drogo son of Poyntz obtained manors previously held by an Ernsi in Herefordshire, and Ralph one held by Ernsi in Worcestershire: none of these three tenants-in-chief are likely to have had two predecessors with this uncommon name. Finally, the one remaining holding, acquired by Ralph of Mortimer (HEF 1,20), was - like that held by Drogo (HEF 1,30) - part of the great manor of Leominster. See also Clarke, English Nobility, p. 307, who omits HEF 1,20;30. 10,68 from his list (JP).
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	WOODLAND, 1 LEAGUE ... WIDE. Entered in the right-hand margin; probably, but not certainly, the same woodland as that which pays nothing.
15,10	REDMARLEY. See 2,25 Redmarley note. This is probably the later manor of Redmarley Oliver; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 373; and see 20,2 Redmarley note. Land at this Redmarley (iuxta Duddantreo sita: 'situated near 'Doddingtree' ') seems to have been held by Worcester Church (see 'Worcester G7' in the {Appendix}), in addition to its other land at Redmarley d'Abitot in the south of the county. The Redmarley in 'Doddingtree' Hundred was later seized by Urso, but Domesday records no holding of his there, though he held 1 hide of the adjacent Astley.
	VALUE BEFORE 1066, 30s. In the manuscript an 7 has been added, later and in error, between valb' and xxx.
15,11	SHELSLEY. Shelsley Beauchamp, the entry at 19,6 being Shelsley Walsh; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 332. A third Shelsley, Shelsley Kings, was part of the royal manor of Martley (X3 = HEF 1,39); see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 77.
	13 SMALLHOLDERS. Followed by a gap of about 11 letters, due to an erasure; a line has been drawn to link the smallholders with their ploughs.
15,12	EASTHAM AND 'BASTWOOD'. Formerly Worcester Church land, according to 'Worcester G4' in the {Appendix}.
	`BASTWOOD'. Domesday Bestewde lay in the part of Eastham parish that is to the east of Piper's Brook, the site of the manor being that of the present Eastham Grange; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 270; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 48.
	3 HIDES [***]. The hides are followed by a gap of about seven letters, possibly for a fraction or for geld[antes]; see 'Worcester D' in the {Appendix}.
15,13	QUEEN EDITH. Wife of King Edward the Confessor, daughter of Earl Godwin (on whom see 19,12 Godwin note). She died in 1075.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
15,14	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	OR LAND. In the manuscript [ve]l t[er]ra[m] is entered below the marginal rulings.
	THE 10 HIDES WHICH PAY TAX. Boroughs are often notionally assessed in hides to complete the hundredal organization of a county; see 10,2 Worcester note. The 10 hides of Droitwich are represented by the entries at 1,7. 4,1. 5,1. 7,1. 8,13. 12,1. 15,14. 18,6. 22,1. 24,1. 26,16; see 1,3a Droitwich note. The 1 hide of Westminster Abbey (8,13) is, however, said not to pay tax. The 10 hides reappear in 'Evesham Q29', discussed in the Introduction to 'Evesham Q' in the {Appendix}.
16	RALPH OF MORTIMER. Son of Roger of Mortimer, he received a number of estates forfeited by Roger son of William (son of Osbern) in 1074, including Wigmore Castle in Hereford (HEF 9,1) which became his seat. Mortemer is in the département of Seine-Maritime, France; see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 101-102.
16,1	SODINGTON. Domesday Sudtune. It is Suthinton in Book of Fees, pp. 140, 527; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 311 note 3; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 60.
	1 HIDE. [***]. A gap of about seven letters follows the hidage, possibly for a fraction or for geld[antes]; see 'Worcester D' in the {Appendix}.
16,2	SAEWOLD <OF MAMBLE>. The Domesday of forms of this name - Sauuold[us], Sauuold, Seuuold - represent Old English Sæweald: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 354. JRM preferred the second element -wold for Old English -weald as it reflected the spelling of the Domesday forms. The Alecto edition has Sæweald.
		Apart from Abbot Saewold, whose name occurs only in Exon (SOM 7,15 land note), the name Saewold occurs on 17 holdings in Domesday Book, probably representing six individuals. The two Worcestershire holdings devolved upon the same tenant-in-chief and were adjacent to each other, and so likely to have been held by the same individual; they were too small and distant from other Saewolds to be plausibly linked to them (JP).
16,3	"BROC". A lost place, possibly part of Sodington (16,1) with which it is associated in the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 567) and Book of Fees, p. 140, Suthinton and Brok there being held by Roger de Mortuo Mari. If this is Old English broc ('marsh', 'brook', usually the latter in place-names) it possibly refers to a tributary of the River Teme or River Severn, the ½ fishery showing that it is on a stream or river. There is still a Brook Farm (Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 70) on the north-east border of Rock parish adjacent to Ribbesford Wood (SO777720), on the Gladder Brook, but at the far end of the parish from Sodington.
	"FECH". From Old Irish Fiacha, Modern Irish Feagh, Latinized as Fiachus. The reservations expressed in von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 250, are not well-founded; many Irish had come to north-west England in the tenth century with the Norwegians and scattered Irish names (such as Duncan in SOM 19,86) would be expected. See Redin, Uncompounded Personal Names in Old English, and Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, under Fiacha.
		Despite this, it has been thought safest in this edition to leave this personal name in its Domesday form. The Alecto edition has Feche.
16,4	CONNINGSWICK. Domesday Colinguic; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 71.
	SAEWOLD <OF MAMBLE>. See 16,2 Saewold note.
17	ROBERT OF STAFFORD. In the chapter heading of the manuscript Robeti is an error for Roberti.
17,1	MORTON [UNDERHILL?]. Identified with Abbots Morton by VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 311, and Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 331, but the latter was clearly an ecclesiastical holding in Domesday (10,13). See Sawyer, 'Evesham A: a Domesday Text', on 'Evesham A3'.
		The burgess and salt-house may well have been at Droitwich; see 1,3a Droitwich note
	ARNOLD <OF WALTON>. See STS 11,8 Arnold note.
18	ROGER OF LACY. Son of Walter of Lacy (died 1085) and Ermelina (Emma); see Wightman, Lacy Family. He rebelled in 1088 and 1094, was banished and his lands given to his brother Hugh. Roger also held lands in Berkshire, Herefordshire, Gloucestershire, Shropshire, and elsewhere. He died some time after 1106 in Normandy where he had attained high office under Duke Robert. The family name is from Lassy in the département of Calvados, France.
18,3	SHELL. Domesday Scelves; on the name-form, see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 138. The 'Evesham A' entry for Heisse ('Evesham A15'; see {Appendix}) appears to correspond to Scelves; see Sawyer, 'Evesham A: a Domesday Text'. If this is so, the hundred name, 'Ash', its site otherwise unknown, is perhaps a part of Shell; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 1.
	SLAVES ... SALT-HOUSES. The reason for these being in the accusative case is not apparent.
	4 SALT-HOUSES WITH WOODLAND ... 60 MEASURES. The render of the salt-houses (60 measures) has been added as an afterthought, sandwiching the wood which has nothing to do with salt.
	VALUE ... NOW 15s. In 'Evesham A15' the value, cum tota silva, is '40s'; minus the wood (sine silva), it is '15s'; see {Appendix}.
	IN AN ENCLOSURE. Similar phrases in OXF 1,5 (silva est in defen' regis) and WAR 27,3 (silva ... sed in defenso regis) suggest that the woodland has been put into the king's forest; see 1,1c forest note. Entries in Domesday Herefordshire (HEF 1,43. 2,2;9;24;56) show the forms defenso, defensu and defensione.
18,4	ELAF <OF KINGTON>. The Domesday name-forms Elaf, Eilaf, Ailof, Airaf, represent Old Danish and Old Swedish Elaf: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 246. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Worcestershire.
		Elaf is an uncommon name, occurring on nine holdings in seven counties, all but one of them held from different tenants-in-chief. The Elaf of this modest holding had no discernible connections to any of his namesakes, none of them close enough to warrant linking them (JP).
	1 HEDGED ENCLOSURE. Latin haia; see 2,7 enclosure note.
	WHERE. In the manuscript in qua, with an oblique line over the a to indicate the ablative; Farley does not print this oblique line, though it is usually his practice to do so, as in 23,1. 26,17 etc.
	2 PLOUGHS. '5 [ploughs]' in 'Evesham A16'; see {Appendix}.
18,5	MARTLEY. In 'Doddingtree' Hundred in X3, the hundred head being here omitted. The entry appears to be incomplete and was probably an afterthought.
18,6	THIS ENTRY was added at the foot of folio 176c, below the marginal rulings, in the middle of 19,2, both lines beginning eight letters into the left-hand margin. Transposition signs indicate the correct position in the text.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	AELFRIC MAPSON. Mapesone in the manuscript; Farley misprinted Mapes ne. For the byname, see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 160.
	THEY PAY. Redd[un]t, apparently referring to the burgesses and the salt-houses, as the figure 1 ½ in Latin is normally followed by a singular verb. Compare 22,1.
	HIS MANOR OF HEREFORD. Roger holds a number of lands in Herefordshire (HEF 10) but no manor of Hereford itself is mentioned. He holds some houses in the borough (10,7) but his principal Herefordshire manor was probably Weobley (10,48), later caput of the Lacy barony; thus Hereford stands for Herefordshire, as in other cases where the scribe used the name of the county town rather than of the county.
19	OSBERN SON OF RICHARD. Son of Richard Scrope. Lord of Richards Castle in Herefordshire. In the Book of Fees a number of his lands are held from the honour of Castrum Ricardi (Richards Castle) by William de Stutevill', which assists in the identification of some places.
19,1	IN 'DODDINGTREE' HUNDRED. Written in the manuscript midway between the chapter 19 heading and the first line of 19,1; not as Farley printed it on the same line as the chapter heading.
	RICHARD SCROPE. He appears to be a Norman who settled in Herefordshire at the time of the Confessor, continued to be a landholder after the Conquest, and was succeeded by his son Osbern (WOR 19 Osbern note); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 224; Ekwall, Dictionary of English Place-Names, under Shrewsbury; von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 349 note 1. The surname, despite Tengvik's hesitations and Ekwall's accidental complication (this family's surname is not the origin of Shrewsbury), is obviously an Anglo-Scandinavian nickname, the Old Norse byname Skropi, presumably anglicized as the hypothetical Scrop(e) which would produce Anglo-Norman Scrupe, Escrob, Scrob; see Björkman, Englischen Namenkunde, p. 76; Lind, Norsk-Isländska Personbinamn, p. 333. It looks as if a pre-Conquest Norman settler has been given an Anglo-Scandinavian surname.
	22 PACKLOADS OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
19,2	TENBURY [WELLS]. Formerly Worcester Church land according to 'Worcester G4' in the {Appendix}. It included the manor of Sutton Sturmy (SO6165); see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 367.
	14 VILLAGERS AND SMALLHOLDERS. The Latin is xiiii. int[er] vill[anos] 7 bord[arios], that is, together the villagers and smallholders totalled 14.
19,3	CLIFTON[-ON-TEME]. Formerly an outlier of the Gloucestershire manor of Westbury-on-Severn (GLS 1,11; see GLS 1,11 Clifton note), but also once Worcester Church land according to 'Worcester G4' in the {Appendix}. In GLS 1,11 Clifton-on-Teme is said to consist of 10 hides, but these reappear in Worcestershire at 19,3;5-6;8-9 respectively as 3 hides in Clifton-on-Teme, 1 ½ hides in Stanford-on-Teme, 1 hide in Shelsley, 1 hide in Homme Castle and 3 hides in Lower Sapey.
	ROBERT D'OILLY. Sheriff of Warwickshire from the early to late 1080s, of Oxfordshire and perhaps Berkshire. He was Castellan of Oxford Castle under King William and is called the constable of Oxford; see the Abingdon Chronicle (Stevenson, ii. pp. 7, 12). He was probably married to one of the daughters of Wigot of Wallingford; see Freeman, Norman Conquest, iv. Appendix Note C. For Oilly, see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 103.
19,4	KYRE. Domesday Chure (Cuer at 19,7). One of the holdings was the later Kyre Wyard, held as Cure Wyard from William de Stutevill' in Book of Fees, p. 959; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 282. Both lands had been outliers of the Gloucestershire manor of Westbury-on-Severn (GLS 1,11; see GLS 1,11 Kyre note); one had belonged to Worcester Church according to 'Worcester G4' in the {Appendix}.
	10 PACKLOADS. See 2,57 packloads note.
	GRAIN. Latin frumentum, a term covering all cereal plants: corn, wheat, barley etc. The render here is probably the same as the annona of 19,1;19.
19,5	STANFORD[-ON-TEME]. These 1 ½ hides had formerly been part of Clifton-on-Teme, then assessed at 10 hides, which themselves belonged to the great manor of Westbury-on-Severn in Gloucestershire; see 19,3 Clifton note and GLS 1,11 Clifton note. It is held as Stanford Esturmi from William de Stuttevill' in Book of Fees, p. 960.
	BRICTRIC <OF WADDESDON>. Although his lands devolved upon eight or nine tenants-in-chief, they can be reconstructed from his distinctive description as a thane of Queen Edith, some of whose manors devolved upon the Count of Mortain, Robert d'Oilly, Miles Crispin, Hugh of Bolbec and Osbern son of Richard. Other links between the Brictrics on these fiefs are provided by holdings by more than one of them in the vills of Beachendon, Chesham, Littlecote, Marston and Wingrave, links which identify Brictric as a predecessor of Odo of Bayeux, Turstin Mantle and William son of Ansculf in Buckinghamshire. The only other Brictric in that county was at Helsthorpe, a couple of miles from Wingrave and Horton. In Bedfordshire, too, the only unidentified Brictric was probably Brictric <of Waddesdon> since he was a lord of men and his holding at Milton Ernest was close to the two of Brictric <of Waddesdon> at Clapham and Thurleigh. Brictric was the greatest landowner in Buckinghamshire before the Conquest, with large manors at Waddesdon and Marsworth and holdings valued at almost £90 out of a total of a little over £100 for all counties, his 'men' having a further £22 between them, £19 of this in Buckinghamshire. See also Clarke, English Nobility, pp. 262-64, whose list does not include one Chesham holding, and Kimble, Stewkely and Whaddon (JP).
19,6	SHELSLEY. Shelsley Walsh, held as Seldesley le Waleys from William de Stutevill' in Book of Fees, p. 960; see 15,11 Shelsley note and VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 335. Like several other estates in this fief, Shelsley had formerly been part of Clifton-on-Teme, then assessed at 10 hides, which themselves had belonged to the great manor of Westbury-on-Severn in Gloucestershire; see 19,3 Clifton note and GLS 1,11 Clifton note.
	SIGMUND [* THE DANE *]. A Danish thane of Earl Leofric; he held it from Worcester Church; see 'Worcester G3' (see {Appendix}). Edwin (C1 Edwin note) was Leofric's grandson.
	EARL EDWIN. See C1 Edwin note.
19,7	KYRE. See 19,4 Kyre note.
19,8	HOMME [CASTLE]. Domesday Hāme, though the form is not given in Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 43 (under Hamcastle Farm). Long known as Ham Castle, but recent owners of what is now a private house have restored the form found in Hemming (see 'Worcester G4' in the {Appendix}), first recorded by the Ordnance Survey in 1965. Ham Bridge at SO7361 preserves the more normal modern form. The land formerly belonged to Worcester Church; see 'Worcester G4'. Like several other estates in this fief Homme Castle had formerly been part of Clifton-on-Teme, then assessed at 10 hides, which themselves had belonged to the great manor of Westbury-on-Severn in Gloucestershire; see 19,3 Clifton note and GLS 1,11 Clifton note.
	16 PACKLOADS OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
19,9	[LOWER] SAPEY. Held as Sapi Pichard from William de Stutevill' in Book of Fees, p. 959; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 313 note 6; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 75. It was formerly held by Worcester Church; see 'Worcester G9' in the {Appendix}. Like several other estates in this fief Lower Sapey had formerly been part of Clifton-on-Teme, then assessed at 10 hides, which themselves had belonged to the great manor of Westbury-on-Severn in Gloucestershire; see GLS 1,11 Clifton note.
		Upper Sapey lay to the north, just over the border in Herefordshire, and was possibly part of the Bishop of Hereford's manor of Bromyard (HEF 2,49) in 1086, it being held from him in Feudal Aids, ii. p. 378.
	ONLY 9 CATTLE. Animalia, commonly called animalia otiosa 'idle animals' elsewhere, that is beef or dairy cattle in contrast to the ploughing oxen, though occasionally, as perhaps here, they seem to take the place of the plough-team statement. However, there are several occurrences of animalia in connection with ploughs (where one would expect boves, 'oxen') in the Liber Exoniensis entries corresponding to DEV 17,26;28;38 etc.. Cattle and other animals were counted in the surviving circuit returns (the Liber Exoniensis and Little Domesday) but normally omitted from Great Domesday, except to make a particular point.
	6 PACKLOADS OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
19,11	EDVIN [LOACH]. Like several other estates in this fief Edvin Loach had belonged to the great manor of Westbury-on-Severn in Gloucestershire; see GLS 1,11 Edvin note.
19,12	[IN CLENT HUNDRED]. The location of Wychbold and Elmbridge (19,12-13) suggests that a heading for Clent Hundred has been omitted.
	WYCHBOLD. Including Crutch (SO9066) and Dodderhill (SO8964); see VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 57, 59. The land had been seized from Worcester Church by Edwin, brother of Earl Leofric according to 'Worcester G30' in the {Appendix}.
	EARL GODWIN. [***]. Earl of the West Saxons; father of Earl (King) Harold and Edith (wife of King Edward the Confessor). He died in 1053.
		The rest of this line has been left blank, perhaps for some additional information.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
19,13	ALDGYTH [* WIFE OF GRUFFYDD *]. Domesday Aeldiet, perhaps representing Old English Ealdgyth; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, pp. 240-41, though as the sex of Aeldiet is unknown he also suggested a derivation from the hypothetical Old English Ealdgeat. The Phillimore printed edition has Aldgeat for Osbern's predecessor here. The Alecto edition has Ealdgyth. If Aeldiet represents Aldgyth (JRM's version of the Old English name), then she might be the wife of King Gruffydd (and later of Earl Harold) who was the predecessor of Osbern son of Richard in WAR 6,5.
		Aldgyth was the daughter of Earl Algar, widow of King Gruffydd, and wife of King Harold Godwinson. The comparative rarity of the name and the tenure from Osbern son of Richard who married Aldgyth's daughter, Nest, makes this identification probable. Another holding which may have been hers lay in Tyringham, Buckinghamshire (BUK 17,22), where it is recorded that 'Aelfeva, Harold's wife' had a manor. The form of the name (Alueua) does not translate to Aldgyth, but a scribal error may be suspected. The alternative is to posit the existence of second Harold married to a lady of sufficient status to hold land in her own right in the heart of Harold Godwinson's territories, an Harold apparently unrecorded elsewhere despite being a lord of men. It is also tempting to connect this Aldgyth with Aldgyth <of Welshampton>. The name is sufficiently uncommon to make this plausible. Apart from two remote and tiny holdings in Suffolk (SUF 67,15. 74,6.), there were only three other manors held by an Aldgyth T.R.E., one in Somerset (SOM 5,42), one in Derbyshire (DBY 6,51), the third in Yorkshire (YKS 5E27 and note. CE6). Of these, only the Derbyshire might plausibly be associated with Aldgyth's other holdings; but there are no other indications of a connection (JP).
19,14	CROWLE. Domesday Croelai; it is Croela Gualteri in 'Evesham A9' (see {Appendix}), later known as the manor of Froxmere Court or Crowle Hackett; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 331. The land had been held by Sigmund (2,78), probably the same man who held Shelsley (19,6). See 'Worcester G20' in the {Appendix}.
	THE REMAINING TWO LINES of this entry are written at the foot of folio 176d below the marginal rulings, in the middle of 20,3. They extend about four letters into the central margin, not shown by Farley, and are separated from the 18,6 entry by a gallows sign. Transposition signs indicate the correct position in the text. It would seem that the whole entry was written later as the first two lines are cramped.
	WOODLAND ... FOR 100 PIGS. See 3,3 pigs note.
	40[s]. Sol[idos] omitted in error, probably because of lack of space at the end of the column; it is xl solidos in 'Evesham A9' (see {Appendix}).
20	GILBERT SON OF TUROLD. Probably the same man as Gilbert of Bouillé; see WAR B2 Gilbert note. For his gift of 2 hides of Sheriffs Lench to Evesham Abbey, see 11,2 and 11,2 church note.
20,1	DODDENHAM. It included the manor of Ankerdine (SO7356); see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 261.
	CEOLMER. See von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 214.
20,2	REDMARLEY. In Great Witley parish; the holding probably became the later manor of Redmarley Adam; see VCH Worcestershire, iv. p. 374; see also 2,25 Redmarley note and 15,10 Redmarley note.
	1 ½ HIDES. [***]. A gap of about four letters follows the hidage, due to an imperfection in the parchment; but see 14,1 hides note.
20,3	HANLEY. This holding and the one following (20,4) no doubt represent between them the villages of Hanley Child and Hanley William. In 'Evesham Q18' (see {Appendix}), the second village is called alia Hanleg; see 1,2 another note. A further ½ hide, making a 5-hide unit, may have lain just over the border in Herefordshire: ½ hide at Hanlei is held by Roger of Lacy in "Plegelgete" Hundred in HEF 10,75.
20,4	KENWARD. See 2,13 Kenward note.
20,6	HADZOR. Formerly held by Worcester Church according to 'Worcester G18' in the {Appendix}.
	COTTAGE-MEN. Cotmanni, like cotarii; see 8,7 cottagers note. They are infrequent in Domesday Worcestershire, others being at 23,2;12. 26,3;6.
21	DROGO SON OF POYNTZ. On Poyntz, see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 194.
21,1	WASTE ... VALUE. Or perhaps 'it is waste and was waste before 1066. The value was 5s'. The T.R.E. falls between the two clauses.
21,2	LAND FOR 2 PLOUGHS. The estimated number of ploughlands is rarely recorded in Domesday Worcestershire; see also 23,14; and Domesday Geography of Midland England, p. 232. They are regularly entered in the adjacent Warwickshire and Staffordshire, but only rarely in Gloucestershire or Herefordshire.
21,3	GLASSHAMPTON. Domesday Glese; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 34.
21,4	1 VIRGATE IN MARTLEY. The virgate is named as Pudiford, now Pudford Farm (SO7461), in 'Evesham Q24' (see {Appendix}).
	A MANOR OF THE KING. See X3 and HEF 1,39.
22	HAROLD SON OF EARL RALPH. Ralph the Timid, son of Countess Goda (King Edward's sister) and Count Drogo. He came to England in 1041 and was Earl of Hereford from 1053 or earlier to 1057. He may have inherited part of the earldom of Swein; see Harmer, Anglo-Saxon Writs, p. 570. In 1066 Harold was presumably a minor because in MDX 9,1 he is said to have been then in the charge of Queen Edith, his aunt. In 1086 he held land in Worcestershire and Warwickshire; Ewyas Harold in Herefordshire (HEF 19,1) is named after him.
22,1	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	7 SALT-HOUSES ... SALT. Compare GLS 61,2 where the same Harold has 50 measures of salt from a salt-house.
23	WILLIAM SON OF ANSCULF. William of Pinkeni (Picquigny near Amiens in the département of Somme, France), so named in WIL 24,19. 68,22-23. Ansculf is Ansculf de Pinchengi in BUK 17,2. He was lord of Dudley castle (23,10) and an important figure in the midland counties.
	AFTER THE NUMBER OF HIDES gaps of varying size are found in the entries at 23,1-4;6-8;10-13, possibly for a fraction or for geld[antes]; see 'Worcester D' in the {Appendix}.
23,1	WOOD. Nemus, a rare substitute for silva in Domesday (see also 26,2). It is the usual word in the Liber Exoniensis, rendered by silva in corresponding entries inGreat Domesday. The width is omitted; see 1,1c leagues note.
	BISHOP OF CHESTER. Peter, but the title 'of Chester' is an anachronism. Until 1075/76 the bishop's seat was at Lichfield. Other transfers to larger towns were made at about the same time, including the move from Dorchester-on-Thames to Lincoln (1072). In 1102 Chester was replaced by Coventry.
	LIVES OF THREE MEN. A lease, in this case for Wulfwin, his widow and his son. Compare 9,1e.
	BISHOP [OF] LI[CHFIELD?]. Probably Lichfield. The manuscript leaves room for three or four letters after Li .. Since the land was to revert to Chester (that is, Lichfield; see 23,1 Chester note), Wulfwin's son was probably Leofwin, Bishop of Lichfield (1053-1067). But since Domesday names the new see of Chester, Li . may also stand for a new contemporary see, Lincoln, in which case the son was Wulfwy, Bishop of Dorchester-on-Thames (also 1053-1067) whence the see was transferred to Lincoln. Space may have been left in the manuscript because it was not known which see was meant. The purpose of the oral will was to deter claims by lay heirs; it failed, for William succeeded to Selly Oak as to other holdings of Wulfwin. The date of the will is after 1062, since Wulfwin was a thane of Earl Edwin (1,1d), but before 1067 (JRM).
23,3	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See 1,1d Baldwin note.
23,4	'WILLINGWICK'. For its location, see 1,1c 'Willingwick' note and for the duplication here, see 1,1d 'Willingwick' note.
	BALDWIN [* SON OF HERLEWIN *]. See 1,1d Baldwin note.
23,6	[IN CLENT HUNDRED]. The heading inserted in the margin at 23,8 should certainly have included 23,7 Churchill which is on the far side of Clent Hundred from its boundary with 'Came' Hundred, and probably 23,6 Warley which is, however, adjacent to the boundary between Clent Hundred and 'Came' Hundred.
	WARLEY. Formerly Warley Wigorn (see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 145), to distinguish it from the other part of the parish Warley Salop, part of Earl Roger's manor of Halesowen (14,1); see {Introductuion: County Boundary}.
23,7	2 HIDES. [***]. In the manuscript there is an erasure here of about 11 letters, and it was probably not written over as it normally would have been (see 26,1 70s note), for the same reasons as other gaps were left in this chapter (see WOR 23 after note).
23,8	BELL [HALL]. Domesday Bellem; see 26,13 Belbroughton note.
	2 "ORAE". That is, 3s 4d at 20 pence to the "ora"; see C2 "ora" note.
	WILLIAM SON OF OSBERN. Earl William of Hereford; see 1,1b William note. As he died in 1071, he can only just have taken the land from Ralph son of Hubert if the latter had held it for more than five years after 1066; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 316.
23,11	ACARD [* OF IVRY *]. A French name. There is an Acard of Ivry in BDF 23,17.
23,12	ACARD [* OF IVRY *]. See 23,11 Acard note.
	THORGER <OF PEDMORE>. The Domesday form, Turgar(us), represents Old Norse Thorgeirr, Old Danish Thorger: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 393. In the Phillimore printed edition the form Thorgar was used, but this has now been altered to the Old Danish form. The Alecto edition has Thorger. This is the only occurrence of this name in Domesday Worcestershire.
		The name Thorger is uncommon, occurring nine times in Domesday Book and probably representing six or seven individuals. It is possible that this Thorger is the same individual as the predecessor of Ansfrid of Cormeilles at HEF 21,2 since the property at Pedmore had houses in Worcester which lay midway between the two holdings; but there are no tenurial or other associations to support this (JP).
	IN WORCESTER 2 MESSUAGES. See 10,17 messuages note.
	A SMALL WOOD. Latin siluula (diminutive of silua, 'wood') should mean 'a small wood'. Elsewhere in Domesday this word, together with silua parua (as in 26,11) and silua paruula, appear to have this sense. Here it is used as a dependent genitive ('1 league of small wood'), but that is unlikely to change the sense; the problem is the extent (a league by a league). Unless siluula is an error for silua or the phrase is elliptical ('a league consisting of [a quantity of pieces of] small woodland'), it appears that it must refer to the size of the trees, elsewhere in Domesday rendered silua minuta or silua modica; see STS 11,11 wood note.
23,13	PAYNE <OF HOGGESTON>. Note on this identification to be supplied (JP).
23,14	BELLINGTON. Later part of Chaddesley Corbett parish and thus in 'Cresslow' Hundred; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 235. It is possible that a 'Cresslow' hundred head should be supplied, though in other chapters lands in 'Cresslow' Hundred occur before those in Clent Hundred. As a border place and part of the castlery of Dudley, it could well have been in Clent Hundred in 1086.
	IN HIS CASTLERY. Subject to the jurisdiction of his castle at Dudley (23,10). Bellington is 9 miles south-west of Dudley. There are a number of examples in Domesday Herefordshire of lands subject to a castle; see HEF {Introduction: Castles}.
	HOLLAND. See von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 291.
	LAND FOR 5 PLOUGHS. See 21,2 ploughs note.
24	WILLIAM SON OF CORBUCION. Appointed sheriff of Warwickshire soon after 1086.
24,1	WITTON IN DROITWICH. Domesday unusually specifies the locality for Witton; see also 26,16.
	"TUINI". An unparalleled personal name, possibly a miscopying of Tumi which has the same number of minim strokes. Von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 388 note 4, said that Farley misprinted Tuini for Tumi, but the former is the clear reading of the manuscript.
	SALT-HOUSES. This and the following details refer to Witton, not to Worcester.
	PART OF 1 SALT-HOUSE. Latin partem is accusative in error, probably influenced by redd[un]t in the previous clause which has mittas (accusative) as its direct object.
25	WILLIAM GOIZENBODED. His main holdings were in Gloucestershire (GLS 34). He was son of Richard 'a young man' (25,1); see GLS 34,8 Richard note. The byname is left unexplained in Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 390. The ending is -boded, past participle of Old English bodian ('to announce'). Goizen- is perhaps Guizen-, a French form of Old English wiccan ('witch'), where w- has become gu- (as in French guerre, 'war', from hypothetical Old German werra), a common feature of Central French, sometimes found in Anglo-Norman, and z represents the sounds [ts] or [t ſ], a French rendering of Old English -cc-. The name may thus be hypothetical Old English wiccanboded ('foretold by a witch' or 'cursed by a witch'). Other forms of this byname in related texts are Guezenboeth in 'Worcester D' and Cunteboiz' in 'Evesham N14'; see GLS {Appendix).
25,1	CHAWSON. See VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 317 note 5, and p. 329 note 1.
	RICHARD A YOUNG MAN. The interlined iuvenis probably represents Old English geonga ('young') or geongran ('younger'), the latter used often to distinguish an older and younger person of the same name. It is common from the late tenth century, and distinct in sense from cilt (14,2 Alwin note); see Tengvik, Old English Bynames, p. 314. This Richard also appears in GLS 34,8 apparently as William's father; that entry states that King William gave the widow of Alwin the sheriff in marriage to Ricardo cuidam iuveni. It is not clear whether iuvenis had become a byname by 1086.
	1 PLOUGH.[***]. A gap of about nine letters follows, perhaps merely to mark off the value clause, usually entered on a separate line on folio 177 c,d; but possibly for the later addition of woodland, pasture etc.
26	URSO OF ABETOT. Brother of Robert the bursar, he was sheriff of Worcestershire and called Urso of Worcester in GLS 65,1. He helped to crush the revolt of Earl Roger of Hereford in 1075; his heirs through a daughter were the Beauchamps. His holdings as tenant or subtenant in the county total nearly 200 hides, or a sixth of the county, including important holdings at Droitwich, centre of the salt industry. He rapaciously seized much church land, and in 1086 held all the land that the Bishop of Bayeux held and had 'acquired' from Evesham Abbey; see WOR 11 bishop note. Domesday Worcestershire is silent about his injustices, which nonetheless appear between its lines. See, however, GLS 1,48, referring to the estate of Little Sodbury: '1 virgate in Droitwich belongs to this manor; it paid 25 sesters of salt. Urso the sheriff has so oppressed the men that now they cannot pay the salt'. However, his depredations are evident even in his own chapter where 26,15-17 consist of land formerly held by Evesham Church. In 9,4 he is found claiming part of the 30-hide manor of Broadway; see Round in VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 262-65; Freeman, Norman Conquest, v. Appendix, pp. 759-66. Abetot is the traditional spelling of the name, but the place is represented by Saint-Jean-d'Abbetot in the département of Seine-Maritime, France.
26,1	COOKHILL. Domesday Cochehi, said to be in 'Doddingtree' Hundred, where no place of the name has been identified. The corresponding entry in the Evesham texts appears to be 'Evesham A5' (see {Appendix}) Cokehelle, Cook Hill now in Inkberrow parish, in 'Ash' Hundred (the reference is omitted in Place-Names of Worcestershire). With this estate 'Ash' Hundred totalled exactly 100 hides; see {Introduction: Hundreds}.
	IN LORDSHIP 1 PLOUGH; ... 2 MORE PLOUGHS POSSIBLE. 'Evesham A5' (see {Appendix}) has '1 plough between the men' (i.e. the villagers).
	[HE HAS] 1 BURGESS ... 4 MEASURES OF SALT. The Latin is un[um] burg[en]sem ... iiii. mittas salis. The accusative does not follow naturally from the nominative .ii. serui; some such verb as habet ('he has') must be understood.
	70s. In the manuscript .lxx. solid[os] is written over an erasure and is very blurred.
26,2	`OSMERLEY'. See VCH Worcestershire, iii. pp. 254-55; Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 334.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	WOOD. Latin nem[us]; see 23,1 wood note.
26,3	COFTON [HACKETT]. The manor of Cofton Richard; see VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 56.
26,4	BENTLEY. The parish name Bentley Pauncefote preserves the name of an early holder from the Beauchamps; see Book of Fees, p. 961; the Red Book of the Exchequer (Hall, p. 567).
26,5	WOODCOTE. It is Wdecot' Stephani in 'Evesham Q8'; see {Appendix}. See 1,1a Bromsgrove note.
26,6	HUNWULF. Old English Hunwulf, Old German Hunulf, Old Scandinavian Hundulf.
	5 "ORAE". That is, 8s 4d at 20 pence to the "ora"; see C2 "ora" note.
26,7	ALFKIL. Domesday Euchil; see von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 144.
	3 "ORAE". That is, 5s (see 26,6 "ora" note).
26,8	DOVERDALE. Domesday Lunvredele; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 239. It is held from the barony of William de Bello Campo in Book of Fees, p. 961.
	DROITWICH. See 1.3a Droitwich note.
26,9	ALGEAT <OF "HATETE">. The Domesday forms of this name-form - Eliet, Aelget, Aliet, Elget - could represent either the hypothetical Old English Æthelgeat or Old English Ælfgeat or, where the sex is unknown (as here and in WAR 16,41 and SHR 4,23,3), the Old English feminine names Æthelgyth, Ælfgyth or Ealdgyth: von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 146, under Al-geat, and also p. 142, under Al-. The Phillimore printed edition has the form Algeat, though some of the above Domesday forms appear as Alfgeat; these have now been standardized as Algeat. The Alecto edition followed von Feilitzen with Algeat.
		The name Algeat occurs on four widely separated holdings in Domesday Book, all of modest value, none close to any other, and each devolving upon a different tenant-in-chief. All four were probably held by different individuals in 1066 (JP).
	HELD. In the manuscript, the singular tenuit has been changed to tenuer' (= tenuerunt, plural), no doubt when 7 Eliet was interlined.
	WHO HAS NOTHING. Smallholders normally have ploughs in Domesday. It is unusual for smallholders to succeed the 'resources' paragraph.
26,10	HAMPTON [LOVETT]. Another part is 26,17. One part was formerly owned by Worcester Church (see 'Worcester G15' in the {Appendix}), together with 'Thickenappletree' (27,1); probably this portion, as both have the same T.R.E. holder.
	14 "ORAE". 280 pence or £1 3s 4d at 20 pence to the ora; see C2 "ora" note.
26,11	A SMALL WOOD. The Latin is parua silua and (despite the note in the Phillimore printed edition and 23,12 wood note) probably means that the wood was of small extent, with parua standing in place of the dimensions normally given. See SHR 4,1,4 wood note.
26,12	COOKSEY [GREEN]. See 1,1c Cooksey note.
	HERBRAND [* OF PONT-AUDEMER *]. Note on this identification to be supplied (JP).
	ATILIC. See von Feilitzen, Pre-Conquest Personal Names of Domesday Book, p. 169. The name is an -ic derivative of a poorly-recorded Scandinavian personal name Atli.
	2 HIDES. In the manuscript hide; Farley prints hidae as though there were a diphthong mark under the e.
26,13	BELBROUGHTON. Domesday Brotune. The modern name represents a fusing of Domesday Bellem (now represented by Bell [Hall]: 23,8) and Brocton; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, pp. 274-75. 'Worcester G17' in the {Appendix} records how Broughton, Bell Hall, Chaddesley Corbett and Fairfield were all originally held by Worcester Church, then by Godiva, wife of Earl Leofric, and were seized from her by Earls Edwin and Morcar (her sons). It is possible that the 2 hides included parts of Bell Hall (23,8), Chaddesley Corbett (28,1) and Fairfield (SO9475). The original grant to Worcester Church included Salwarpe and Hampton Lovett, as well as Bell Hall, Belbroughton and Fairfield; see Early Charters of the West Midlands no. 243 p. 100 (= Birch, Cartularium Saxonicum, no. 360 = Sawyer, Anglo-Saxon Charters, no.181); VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 14.
	COUNTESS GODIVA. 'Lady' Godiva, wife of Earl Leofric and grandmother of Earls Edwin and Morcar; she died between 1066 and 1086.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	5 "ORAE". 8s 4d; see 26,10 "ora" note.
26,14	CUSTOMARY DUE. In the manuscript a blot obliterates the final e of c'suetudine.
	3 SMALLHOLDERS WHO HAVE NOTHING. See 26,9 nothing note.
26,15	UPTON [WARREN]. 'Evesham D1;3' (see {Appendix}) record that this estate and Witton (26,16) and Hampton Lovett (26,17) were held by some of Urso's men-at-arms from the Abbey of Evesham until the death of Abbot Aethelwig, whereupon Urso seized the lands; see the Evesham Chronicle (Macray, p. 97). In 'Evesham N1;3' they were said to have been taken from the Abbey by Odo of Bayeux (WOR 11 Bishop note); see 10,11 Hampton note.
	ABBOT ALWIN [* ALWY *] OF EVESHAM. Abbot Aethelwig; see 11,2 Alwy note.
	3 HIDES. [***]. There follows a gap of about three letters, possibly caused by the long tail of the 7 in the line above; but see 14,1 hides note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
26,16	WITTON. This estate was formerly held by Evesham Abbey; see 26,15 Upton note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
	FIFTH YEAR OF KING EDWARD'S REIGN. June 1046 to June 1047.
	[* EARL *] HAROLD'S WAR AGAINST THE NORSEMEN. Earl Harold met and defeated the invading Norse army led by Harold Hardrada and also his outlawed brother Tosti at Stamford Bridge on 25th September 1066, three weeks before the Battle of Hastings.
	AS LONG AS HE LIVED. That is, until 1077.
	ABBOT WALTER. See 10,12 abbot note.
26,17	HAMPTON [LOVETT]. Left unidentified by VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 319, and Domesday Gazetteer. In 'Evesham D1' (see {Appendix}), however, it is Hamtun quam Inardus Parler tenet, that is Hampton Lovett. Urso had added the Evesham portion of the vill to his own (26,10). For Inardus Parler, see 8,25 Robert note. For Evesham Abbey's possession of this estate, see 26,15 Upton note.
	3 "ORAE". 5s at 20d to the ora; see C2 "ora" note.
	THROUGH A DOCUMENT. Latin textum, probably his grant to the church (compare 26,16), rather than a sacred text or the Bible; see VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 319; Revised Medieval Latin Wordlist, under textum.
27	HUGH THE ASS. Lasne, correctly L'Asne from Old french asne, Modern French âne, Latin asinus ('ass', 'donkey'). He probably came to England with William son of Osbern and served under him in defending the English border against the Welsh.
27,1	`THICKENAPPLETREE'. Domesday Tichenapletreu; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 305. Probably in the eastern part of Hampton Lovett Ancient Parish, and partly in the Ancient Parish of St Peter and St Augustine, Dodderhill; see 'Worcester G15' in the {Appendix}; Habington, Survey of Worcestershire, i. p. 242; VCH Worcestershire, iii. p. 155. The 'Came' hundred head seems to be an error for Clent Hundred.
	3 HIDES. [***]. There is a gap of about three letters in the manuscript, possibly for a fraction or for geld[antes]; see 'Worcester D' in the {Appendix}.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
28	THIS CHAPTER IS NUMBERED but not headed in the text. It is xxviii Eldeue in the List of Landholders, folio 172a. One of the names is in error. Eldeue represents hypothetical Old English Ealdgifu, whereas Eddeue here is Old English Eadgifu.
28,1	CHADDESLEY [CORBETT]. So called to distinguish it from Chaceley (part of Longdon: 8,9), formerly Chaddeslega; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 193. Part had belonged to Worcester Church; see 'Worcester G17' in the {Appendix}; and 26,13 Belbroughton note.
	12 PACKLOADS OF CORN. See 2,57 packloads note.
	DROITWICH. See 1,3a Droitwich note.
X	THE REMAINING ENTRIES appear as an addendum, marked off from chapter 28 by a small gap in the manuscript. Both the hand and the colour of the ink of the manuscript are the same as for the preceding entries.
		These entries are essentially cross-references to estates fully surveyed in Herefordshire, though they actually lay in Worcestershire, having been included in Herefordshire's revenue by Earl William..
X1	WULFMER. Probably the same man who preceded Ralph of Tosny and Drogo son of Poyntz in other estates in the county (15,3 ;8;10-11. 21,1-3). Hillhampton would naturally be associated with Redmarley (15,10) held before 1066 by Wulfmer and Ulfketil. In 'Evesham Q27' (see {Appendix}), the name is Almarus, perhaps a scribal error for Ulmarus ('Wulfmer').
X2	FECKENHAM ... HOLLOW [COURT]. Full surveys are given in HEF 1,40-41. The revenue of these manors had been removed to Herefordshire by Earl William.
	HOLLOW [COURT]. With Hollowfields Farm in Hanbury the name represents 'Holloway', Domesday Holewei, Haloede; see Place-Names of Worcestershire, p. 323; VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 321 note 6, iii. p. 376. It is Holeweya in Book of Fees, p. 1290.
	THEY ARE ENTERED IN THE RETURN FOR HEREFORD. Latin breve, usually in Domesday meaning a 'writ': breve regis, the king's writ, putting a man in possession of land. But here and in X3 it clearly refers to the return for the Terra Regis in Herefordshire. See VCH Worcestershire, i. p. 280, and p. 320 notes 3-4.
X3	MARTLEY ... SUCKLEY. These estates are fully surveyed in HEF 1,39;47. The first is stated to be in 'Doddingtree' Hundred, the second to be in Worcestershire. For Suckley, also see 1,1b.
	PAY TAX HERE. That is, in 'Doddingtree' Hundred.