@article { , title = {Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality: methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study}, abstract = {© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ. BACKGROUND: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. METHODS: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. RESULTS: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future.}, doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531}, eissn = {1475-5785}, issn = {1353-8047}, journal = {Injury prevention}, note = {Received 14 October 2019 Revised 29 November 2019 Accepted 6 December 2019; 1 Original research To cite: James SL, Castle CD, Dingels ZV, et al. Inj Prev Epub ahead of print: [please include Day Month Year]. ► Additional material is published online only. To view, please visit the journal online (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ injuryprev-2019-043531). For numbered affiliations see end of article. Correspondence to on September 8, 2020 by guest. Protected by copyright. Inj Prev: first published as 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043531 on 24 August 2020. Downloaded from}, pages = {i125-i153}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group}, url = {https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/3584516}, volume = {26}, keyword = {Health and Health Inequalities, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health}, year = {2020}, author = {James, Spencer L. and Bertolacci, Gregory J. and Castle, Chris D. and Dingels, Zachary V. and Fox, Jack T. and Hamilton, Erin B. and Roberts, Nicholas L.S. and Sylte, Dillon O. and Henry, Nathaniel J. and LeGrand, Kate E. and Abushouk, Abdelrahman I. and Adebayo, Oladimeji M. and Adsuar, Jose C. and Advani, Shailesh M. and Alghnam, Suliman A. and Almasri, Nihad A. and Badiye, Ashish D. and Banerjee, Srikanta K. and Bennett, Derrick A. and Bensenor, Isabela M. and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A. and Budhathoki, Shyam S. and Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A. and Berhe, Kidanemaryam and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Bhardwaj, Pankaj and Bhat, Anusha Ganapati and Bhattacharyya, Krittika and Bibi, Sadia and Bijani, Ali and Boloor, Archith and Borges, Guilherme and Borschmann, Rohan and Borzì, Antonio Maria and Boufous, Soufiane and Braithwaite, Dejana and Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich and Brugha, Traolach and Car, Josip and Cárdenas, Rosario and Carvalho, Félix and Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio and Castelpietra, Giulio and Badawi, Alaa and Baig, Atif Amin and Bairwa, Mohan and Bakhtiari, Ahad and Balachandran, Arun and Banach, Maciej and Banik, Palash Chandra and Banstola, Amrit and Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn and Bärnighausen, Till Winfried and Barzegar, Akbar and Bayati, Mohsen and Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad and Bedi, Neeraj and Behzadifar, Masoud and Belete, Habte and Andrei, Catalina Liliana and Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza and T Antonio, Carl Abelardo and Anvari, Davood and Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher and Arabloo, Jalal and Arab-Zozani, Morteza and Arefi, Zohreh and Aremu, Olatunde and Ariani, Filippo and Arora, Amit and Asaad, Malke and Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina and Ayano, Getinet and Ayanore, Martin Amogre and Azarian, Ghasem and James, Spencer L and Castle, Chris D and Dingels, Zachary V and Fox, Jack T and Hamilton, Erin B and Liu, Zichen and Roberts, Nicholas L S and Sylte, Dillon O and Bertolacci, Gregory J and Cunningham, Matthew and Henry, Nathaniel J and LeGrand, Kate E and Abdelalim, Ahmed and Abdollahpour, Ibrahim and Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi and Abedi, Aidin and Abegaz, Kedir Hussein and Abosetugn, Akine Eshete and Abushouk, Abdelrahman I and Adebayo, Oladimeji M and Adsuar, Jose C and Advani, Shailesh M and Agudelo-Botero, Marcela and Ahmad, Tauseef and Ahmed, Muktar Beshir and Ahmed, Rushdia and Eddine Aichour, Miloud Taki and Alahdab, Fares and Alanezi, Fahad Mashhour and Alema, Niguse Meles and Alemu, Biresaw Wassihun and Alghnam, Suliman A and Ali, Beriwan Abdulqadir and Ali, Saqib and Alinia, Cyrus and Alipour, Vahid and Aljunid, Syed Mohamed and Almasi-Hashiani, Amir and Almasri, Nihad A and Altirkawi, Khalid and Abdeldayem Amer, Yasser Sami and Andrei, Catalina Liliana and Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza and T Antonio, Carl Abelardo and Anvari, Davood and Yaw Appiah, Seth Christopher and Arabloo, Jalal and Arab-Zozani, Morteza and Arefi, Zohreh and Aremu, Olatunde and Ariani, Filippo and Arora, Amit and Asaad, Malke and Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina and Ayano, Getinet and Ayanore, Martin Amogre and Azarian, Ghasem and Badawi, Alaa and Badiye, Ashish D and Baig, Atif Amin and Bairwa, Mohan and Bakhtiari, Ahad and Balachandran, Arun and Banach, Maciej and Banerjee, Srikanta K and Banik, Palash Chandra and Banstola, Amrit and Barker-Collo, Suzanne Lyn and Bärnighausen, Till Winfried and Barzegar, Akbar and Bayati, Mohsen and Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad and Bedi, Neeraj and Behzadifar, Masoud and Belete, Habte and Bennett, Derrick A and Bensenor, Isabela M and Berhe, Kidanemaryam and Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth and Bhardwaj, Pankaj and Bhat, Anusha Ganapati and Bhattacharyya, Krittika and Bhutta, Zulfiqar A and Bibi, Sadia and Bijani, Ali and Boloor, Archith and Borges, Guilherme and Borschmann, Rohan and Borzì, Antonio Maria and Boufous, Soufiane and Braithwaite, Dejana and Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich and Brugha, Traolach and Budhathoki, Shyam S and Car, Josip and Cárdenas, Rosario and Carvalho, Félix and Castaldelli-Maia, João Mauricio and Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A and Castelpietra, Giulio and Catalá-López, Ferrán and Cerin, Ester and Chandan, Joht S and Chapman, Jens Robert and Chattu, Vijay Kumar and Chattu, Soosanna Kumary and Chatziralli, Irini and Chaudhary, Neha and Cho, Daniel Youngwhan and Choi, Jee-Young J and Kabir Chowdhury, Mohiuddin Ahsanul and Christopher, Devasahayam J and Chu, Dinh-Toi and Cicuttini, Flavia M and Coelho, João M and Costa, Vera M and Dahlawi, Saad M A and Daryani, Ahmad and Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto and Leo, Diego De and Demeke, Feleke Mekonnen and Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam and Demsie, Desalegn Getnet and Deribe, Kebede and Desai, Rupak and Nasab, Mostafa Dianati and Silva, Diana Dias da and Dibaji Forooshani, Zahra Sadat and Do, Hoa Thi and Doyle, Kerrie E and Driscoll, Tim Robert and Dubljanin, Eleonora and Adema, Bereket Duko and Eagan, Arielle Wilder and Elemineh, Demelash Abewa and El-Jaafary, Shaimaa I and El-Khatib, Ziad and Ellingsen, Christian Lycke and Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed and Eskandarieh, Sharareh and Eyawo, Oghenowede and Faris, Pawan Sirwan and Faro, Andre and Farzadfar, Farshad and Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad and Fernandes, Eduarda and Ferrara, Pietro and Fischer, Florian and Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin and Fomenkov, Artem Alekseevich and Foroutan, Masoud and Francis, Joel Msafiri and Franklin, Richard Charles and Fukumoto, Takeshi and Geberemariyam, Biniyam Sahiledengle and Gebremariam, Hadush and Gebremedhin, Ketema Bizuwork and Gebremeskel, Leake G and Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn and Gebremichael, Berhe and Gedefaw, Getnet Azeze and Geta, Birhanu and Getenet, Agegnehu Bante and Ghafourifard, Mansour and Ghamari, Farhad and Gheshlagh, Reza Ghanei and Gholamian, Asadollah and Gilani, Syed Amir and Gill, Tiffany K and Goudarzian, Amir Hossein and Goulart, Alessandra C and Grada, Ayman and Grivna, Michal and Guimarães, Rafael Alves and Guo, Yuming and Gupta, Gaurav and Haagsma, Juanita A and Hall, Brian James and Hamadeh, Randah R and Hamidi, Samer and Handiso, Demelash Woldeyohannes and Haro, Josep Maria and Hasanzadeh, Amir and Hassan, Shoaib and Hassanipour, Soheil and Hassankhani, Hadi and Hassen, Hamid Yimam and Havmoeller, Rasmus and Hendrie, Delia and Heydarpour, Fatemeh and Híjar, Martha and Ho, Hung Chak and Hoang, Chi Linh and Hole, Michael K and Holla, Ramesh and Hossain, Naznin and Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi and Hostiuc, Sorin and Hu, Guoqing and Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel and Ilesanmi, Olayinka Stephen and Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja and Naghibi Irvani, Seyed Sina and Mofizul Islam, M and Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed and Ivers, Rebecca Q and Jahani, Mohammad Ali and Jakovljevic, Mihajlo and Jalilian, Farzad and Jayaraman, Sudha and Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra and Jha, Ravi Prakash and John-Akinola, Yetunde O and Jonas, Jost B and Jones, Kelly M and Joseph, Nitin and Joukar, Farahnaz and Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy and Jungari, Suresh Banayya and Jürisson, Mikk and Kabir, Ali and Kahsay, Amaha and Kalankesh, Leila R and Kalhor, Rohollah and Kamil, Teshome Abegaz and Kanchan, Tanuj and Kapoor, Neeti and Karami, Manoochehr and Kasaeian, Amir and Kassaye, Hagazi Gebremedhin and Kavetskyy, Taras and Kayode, Gbenga A and Keiyoro, Peter Njenga and Kelbore, Abraham Getachew and Khader, Yousef Saleh and Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif and Khalid, Nauman and Khalil, Ibrahim A and Khalilov, Rovshan and Khan, Maseer and Khan, Ejaz Ahmad and Khan, Junaid and Khanna, Tripti and Khazaei, Salman and Khazaie, Habibolah and Khundkar, Roba and Kiirithio, Daniel N and Kim, Young-Eun and Kim, Yun Jin and Kim, Daniel and Kisa, Sezer and Kisa, Adnan and Komaki, Hamidreza and Kondlahalli, Shivakumar K M and Koolivand, Ali and Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich and Koyanagi, Ai and Kraemer, Moritz U G and Krishan, Kewal and Defo, Barthelemy Kuate and Bicer, Burcu Kucuk and Kugbey, Nuworza and Kumar, Nithin and Kumar, Manasi and Kumar, Vivek and Kumar, Narinder and Kumaresh, Girikumar and Lami, Faris Hasan and Lansingh, Van C and Lasrado, Savita and Latifi, Arman and Lauriola, Paolo and Vecchia, Carlo La and Leasher, Janet L and Huey Lee, Shaun Wen and Li, Shanshan and Liu, Xuefeng and Lopez, Alan D and Lotufo, Paulo A and Lyons, Ronan A and Machado, Daiane Borges and Madadin, Mohammed and Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy and Mahotra, Narayan Bahadur and Majdan, Marek and Majeed, Azeem and Maled, Venkatesh and Malta, Deborah Carvalho and Manafi, Navid and Manafi, Amir and Manda, Ana-Laura and Manjunatha, Narayana and Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz and Mansournia, Mohammad Ali and Maravilla, Joemer C and Mason-Jones, Amanda J and Masoumi, Seyedeh Zahra and Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard and Maulik, Pallab K and Mehndiratta, Man Mohan and Melketsedik, Zeleke Aschalew and Memiah, Peter T N and Mendoza, Walter and Menezes, Ritesh G and Mengesha, Melkamu Merid and Meretoja, Tuomo J and Meretoja, Atte and Merie, Hayimro Edemealem and Mestrovic, Tomislav and Miazgowski, Bartosz and Miazgowski, Tomasz and Miller, Ted R and Mini, G K and Mirica, Andreea and Mirrakhimov, Erkin M and Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Mehdi and Mithra, Prasanna and Moazen, Babak and Moghadaszadeh, Masoud and Mohamadi, Efat and Mohammad, Yousef and Darwesh, Aso Mohammad and Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah and Mohammadpourhodki, Reza and Mohammed, Shafiu and Mohammed, Jemal Abdu and Mohebi, Farnam and Mohseni Bandpei, Mohammad A and Molokhia, Mariam and Monasta, Lorenzo and Moodley, Yoshan and Moradi, Masoud and Moradi, Ghobad and Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar and Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah and Morawska, Lidia and Velásquez, Ilais Moreno and Morrison, Shane Douglas and Mossie, Tilahun Belete and Muluneh, Atalay Goshu and Musa, Kamarul Imran and Mustafa, Ghulam and Naderi, Mehdi and Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman and Naik, Gurudatta and Naimzada, Mukhammad David and Najafi, Farid and Nangia, Vinay and Nascimento, Bruno Ramos and Naserbakht, Morteza and Nayak, Vinod and Nazari, Javad and Ndwandwe, Duduzile Edith and Negoi, Ionut and Ngunjiri, Josephine W and Nguyen, Trang Huyen and Nguyen, Cuong Tat and Nguyen, Diep Ngoc and Thi Nguyen, Huong Lan and Nikbakhsh, Rajan and Anggraini Ningrum, Dina Nur and Nnaji, Chukwudi A and Ofori-Asenso, Richard and Ogbo, Felix Akpojene and Oghenetega, Onome Bright and Oh, In-Hwan and Olagunju, Andrew T and Olagunju, Tinuke O and Bali, Ahmed Omar and Onwujekwe, Obinna E and Orpana, Heather M and Ota, Erika and Otstavnov, Nikita and Otstavnov, Stanislav S and P A, Mahesh and Padubidri, Jagadish Rao and Pakhale, Smita and Pakshir, Keyvan and Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra and Park, Eun-Kee and Patel, Sangram Kishor and Pathak, Ashish and Pati, Sanghamitra and Paulos, Kebreab and Peden, Amy E and Filipino Pepito, Veincent Christian and Pereira, Jeevan and Phillips, Michael R and Polibin, Roman V and Polinder, Suzanne and Pourmalek, Farshad and Pourshams, Akram and Poustchi, Hossein and Prakash, Swayam and Angga Pribadi, Dimas Ria and Puri, Parul and Syed, Zahiruddin Quazi and Rabiee, Navid and Rabiee, Mohammad and Radfar, Amir and Rafay, Anwar and Rafiee, Ata and Rafiei, Alireza and Rahim, Fakher and Rahimi, Siavash and Rahman, Muhammad Aziz and Rajabpour-Sanati, Ali and Rajati, Fatemeh and Rakovac, Ivo and Rao, Sowmya J and Rashedi, Vahid and Rastogi, Prateek and Rathi, Priya and Rawaf, Salman and Rawal, Lal and Rawassizadeh, Reza and Renjith, Vishnu and Resnikoff, Serge and Rezapour, Aziz and Ribeiro, Ana Isabel and Rickard, Jennifer and Rios González, Carlos Miguel and Roever, Leonardo and Ronfani, Luca and Roshandel, Gholamreza and Saddik, Basema and Safarpour, Hamid and Safdarian, Mahdi and Mohammad Sajadi, S and Salamati, Payman and Rashad Salem, Marwa R and Salem, Hosni and Salz, Inbal and Samy, Abdallah M and Sanabria, Juan and Riera, Lidia Sanchez and Santric Milicevic, Milena M and Sarker, Abdur Razzaque and Sarveazad, Arash and Sathian, Brijesh and Sawhney, Monika and Sayyah, Mehdi and Schwebel, David C and Seedat, Soraya and Senthilkumaran, Subramanian and Seyedmousavi, Seyedmojtaba and Sha, Feng and Shaahmadi, Faramarz and Shahabi, Saeed and Shaikh, Masood Ali and Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran and Sheikh, Aziz and Shigematsu, Mika and Shin, Jae Il and Shiri, Rahman and Siabani, Soraya and Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora and Singh, Jasvinder A and Singh, Pankaj Kumar and Sinha, Dhirendra Narain and Soheili, Amin and Soriano, Joan B and Sorrie, Muluken Bekele and Soyiri, Ireneous N and Stokes, Mark A and Sufiyan, Mu'awiyyah Babale and Sykes, Bryan L and Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael and Tabb, Karen M and Taddele, Biruk Wogayehu and Tefera, Yonatal Mesfin and Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash and Tekulu, Gebretsadkan Hintsa and Tesema Tesema, Ayenew Kassie and Tesfay, Berhe Etsay and Thapar, Rekha and Titova, Mariya Vladimirovna and Tlaye, Kenean Getaneh and Tohidinik, Hamid Reza and Topor-Madry, Roman and Tran, Khanh Bao and Tran, Bach Xuan and Tripathy, Jaya Prasad and Tsai, Alexander C and Tsatsakis, Aristidis and Car, Lorainne Tudor and Ullah, Irfan and Ullah, Saif and Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran and Upadhyay, Era and Uthman, Olalekan A and Valdez, Pascual R and Vasankari, Tommi Juhani and Veisani, Yousef and Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy and Violante, Francesco S and Vlassov, Vasily and Waheed, Yasir and Wang, Yuan-Pang and Wiangkham, Taweewat and Wolde, Haileab Fekadu and Woldeyes, Dawit Habte and Wondmeneh, Temesgen Gebeyehu and Wondmieneh, Adam Belay and Wu, Ai-Min and Wyper, Grant M A and Yadav, Rajaram and Yadollahpour, Ali and Yano, Yuichiro and Yaya, Sanni and Yazdi-Feyzabadi, Vahid and Ye, Pengpeng and Yip, Paul and Yisma, Engida and Yonemoto, Naohiro and Yoon, Seok-Jun and Youm, Yoosik and Younis, Mustafa Z and Yousefi, Zabihollah and Yu, Chuanhua and Yu, Yong and Moghadam, Telma Zahirian and Zaidi, Zoubida and Zaman, Sojib Bin and Zamani, Mohammad and Zandian, Hamed and Zarei, Fatemeh and Zhang, Zhi-Jiang and Zhang, Yunquan and Ziapour, Arash and Zodpey, Sanjay and Dandona, Rakhi and Dharmaratne, Samath Dhamminda and Hay, Simon I and Mokdad, Ali H and Pigott, David M and Reiner, Robert C and Vos, Theo} }