@article { , title = {First source-to-sink monitoring shows dense head controls sediment flux and runout in turbidity currents}, abstract = {Until recently, despite being one of the most important sediment transport phenomena on Earth, few direct measurements of turbidity currents existed. Consequently, their structure and evolution were poorly understood, particularly whether they are dense or dilute. Here, we analyze the largest number of turbidity currents monitored to date from source to sink. We show sediment transport and internal flow characteristic evolution as they runout. Observed frontal regions (heads) are fast (>1.5 m/s), thin (<10 m), dense (depth averaged concentrations up to 38\%vol), strongly stratified, and dominated by grain-to-grain interactions, or slower (<1 m/s), dilute (<0.01\%vol), and well mixed with turbulence supporting sediment. Between these end-members, a transitional flow head exists. Flow bodies are typically thick, slow, dilute, and well mixed. Flows with dense heads stretch and bulk up with dense heads transporting up to 1000 times more sediment than the dilute body. Dense heads can therefore control turbidity current sediment transport and runout into the deep sea.}, doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abj3220}, eissn = {2375-2548}, issue = {20}, journal = {Science advances}, pages = {eabj3220}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science}, url = {https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/3999717}, volume = {8}, year = {2022}, author = {Pope, Ed L. and Cartigny, Matthieu J.B. and Clare, Michael A. and Talling, Peter J. and Lintern, D. Gwyn and Vellinga, Age and Hage, Sophie and Açikalin, Sanem and Bailey, Lewis and Chapplow, Natasha and Chen, Ye and Eggenhuisen, Joris T. and Hendry, Alison and Heerema, Catharina J. and Heijnen, Maarten and Hubbard, Stephen M. and Hunt, James E. and McGhee, Claire and Parsons, Daniel R. and Simmons, Stephen M. and Stacey, Cooper D. and Vendettuoli, Daniela} }