@article { , title = {In vitro modulation of the LPS-induced proinflammatory profile of hepatocytes and macrophages-approaches for intervention in obesity?}, abstract = {Low grade endotoxemia is a feature of obesity which is linked to development of steatohepatitis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, macrophages (J774) and hepatocytes (HepG2) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli 0111: B4 and analyzed for modulation of this response when preconditioned or stimulated subsequent to LPS, with different doses of Vitamin D₃ or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) over a time period of 1 and 5 days. Pro-inflammatory TNFα and pro-fibrotic TGFβ released into the supernatants were measured by ELISA; qPCR was performed for Srebp-1c and PPARα mRNA (genes for products involved in fatty acid synthesis and catabolism, respectively). Vitamin D3 and DHA exerted a consistent, dose dependent anti-inflammatory effect, and increased PPARα relative to Srebp-1c in both cell types. By contrast, addition of free fatty acids (FFA, oleic acid/palmitic acid 2:1) caused aggravation of LPS-induced inflammatory reaction and an increase of Srebp-1c relative to PPARα. Our results argue in favor of dietary supplementation of Vitamin D₃ or DHA (and avoidance of monounsaturated/saturated fatty acids) to alleviate development of fatty liver disease.}, doi = {10.3389/fcell.2016.00061}, eissn = {2296-634X}, issue = {JUN}, journal = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, url = {https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/442664}, volume = {4}, keyword = {Health and Health Inequalities, Vitamin D₃, Docosahexaenoic acid, HepG2, J774, Lipopolysaccharide}, year = {2016}, author = {Kheder, Ramiar K. and Hobkirk, James and Stover, Cordula M.} }