@article { , title = {Effect of soy in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and subclinical hypogonadism: a randomised controlled study}, abstract = {Context: Isoflavones found in soy products have a chemical structure similar to estrogen, leading to concerns of an adverse estrogenic effect in men, particularly in those with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who have low testosterone levels due to hypogonadism. Objective: The primary outcome was change in total testosterone levels. The secondary outcomes were the changes in glycaemia and cardiovascular risk markers. Design: Randomised double blind parallel study. Setting: Secondary care setting in UK. Participants: 200 men with T2DM with a total testosterone level≤12nmol/L Intervention: 15g soy protein with 66mg of isoflavones (SPI) or 15g soy protein alone without isoflavones (SP) daily as snack bars for three months. Results: There was no change in either total testosterone or in absolute free testosterone levels with either SPI or SP. There was an increase in TSH and reduction in fT4 (p<0.01) after SPI supplementation. Glycaemic control improved with a significant reduction in HbA1c (-4.19(7.29)mmol/mol,p<0.01) and HOMA-IR after SPI. Cardiovascular risk improved with a reduction in triglycerides, CRP and diastolic BP (p<0.05) with SPI versus SP supplementation. There was 6\% improvement in 10-year coronary heart disease risk after three months of SPI supplementation. Endothelial function improved with both SPI and SP supplementation (p<0.01) with an increased reactive hyperemia index that was greater for the SPI group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Testosterone levels were unchanged and there was a significant improvement in glycaemia and cardiovascular risk markers with SPI compared to SP alone over three months. There was significant increase in TSH and a reduction in fT4.}, doi = {10.1210/jc.2016-2875}, eissn = {1945-7197}, issn = {0021-972x}, issue = {2}, journal = {Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism}, pages = {425-433}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, url = {https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/445224}, volume = {102}, keyword = {Health and Health Inequalities, Soybean, Diabetes mellitus, Hypogonadism}, year = {2017}, author = {Sathyapalan, Thozhukat and Rigby, Alan S. and Bhasin, Shalender and Thatcher, Natalie J. and Kilpatrick, Eric S. and Atkin, Stephen L.} }