@article { , title = {Validation of an algorithm to reveal the U wave in atrial fibrillation}, abstract = {Major cardiac organisations recommend U wave abnormalities should be reported during ECG interpretation. However, U waves cannot be measured in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) due to the obscuring fibrillatory wave. The aim was to validate a U wave measurement algorithm for AF patients. Multi-beat averaging was applied to ECGs of 25 patients during paroxysms of AF and the presence of U waves compared to those from the same patients during sinus rhythm (SR). In a further database of 10 long-term AF recordings, the number of beats for effective U wave extraction by the algorithm was calculated. U waves were revealed in all AF recordings and there was no significant difference between the presence of U waves in AF and SR (p = 0.88). U wave amplitude was significantly increased in AF (mean (s.d.) amplitude 55 (39) AF vs 37 (28) μV SR, p = 0.005). The presence of U waves could easily be discerned when as few as 10 beats were used in the algorithm. The study demonstrates the validity of the algorithm to reveal U waves in AF recordings. The algorithm offers the potential to detect U wave abnormalities in patients with AF.}, doi = {10.1038/s41598-018-30493-8}, eissn = {2045-2322}, issn = {2045-2322}, issue = {1}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, publicationstatus = {Published}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, url = {https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/983355}, volume = {8}, keyword = {Biomedical Engineering Research Group, Health and Health Inequalities, Atrial fibrillation, Electrocardiography – EKG}, year = {2018}, author = {Al-Karadi, M. S. and Wilkinson, A. J. and Caldwell, J. and Langley, P.} }