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Suggested visual hallucinations in and out of hypnosis

Mazzoni, Giuliana; Rotriquenz, Elisabetta; Carvalho, Claudia; Vannucci, Manila; Roberts, Kathrine; Kirsch, Irving

Authors

Giuliana Mazzoni

Elisabetta Rotriquenz

Claudia Carvalho

Manila Vannucci

Kathrine Roberts

Irving Kirsch



Abstract

We administered suggestions to see a gray-scale pattern as colored and a colored pattern in shades of gray to 30 high suggestible and eight low suggestible students. The suggestions were administered twice, once following the induction of hypnosis and once without an induction. Besides rating the degree of color they saw in the stimuli differently, participants also rated their states of consciousness as normal, relaxed, hypnotized, or deeply hypnotized. Reports of being hypnotized were limited to highly suggestible participants and only after the hypnotic induction had been administered. Reports of altered color perception were also limited to high suggestibles, but were roughly comparable regardless of whether hypnosis had been induced. These data indicate that suggestible individuals do not slip into a hypnotic state when given imaginative suggestions without the induction of hypnosis, but nevertheless report experiencing difficult suggestions for profound perceptual alterations that are pheonomenologically similar to what they report in hypnosis. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Citation

Mazzoni, G., Rotriquenz, E., Carvalho, C., Vannucci, M., Roberts, K., & Kirsch, I. (2009). Suggested visual hallucinations in and out of hypnosis. Consciousness and cognition, 18(2), 494-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2009.02.002

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jan 1, 1990
Online Publication Date Mar 16, 2009
Publication Date 2009-06
Journal CONSCIOUSNESS AND COGNITION
Print ISSN 1053-8100
Electronic ISSN 1090-2376
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 18
Issue 2
Pages 494-499
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2009.02.002
Keywords Hypnosis; Suggestion; Suggestibility; Altered state; Color perception; Hallucination
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/391409
Publisher URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810009000117?via%3Dihub