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The repeatability of the abbreviated (4-h) Oral Fat Tolerance Test and influence of prior acute aerobic exercise (2016)
Journal Article
O’Doherty, A. F., Sathyapalan, T., Rigby, A. S., Ingle, L., & Carroll, S. (2018). The repeatability of the abbreviated (4-h) Oral Fat Tolerance Test and influence of prior acute aerobic exercise. European Journal of Nutrition, 57(1), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1320-z

© 2016 The Author(s) Purpose: The Oral Fat Tolerance Test (OFTT) is regarded as a repeatable measure used to assess postprandial triglyceride (TAG) levels, with higher levels observed in cardio-metabolic disorders. Acute aerobic exercise intervention... Read More about The repeatability of the abbreviated (4-h) Oral Fat Tolerance Test and influence of prior acute aerobic exercise.

Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women (2015)
Journal Article
Borkoles, E., Carroll, S., Clough, P., & Polman, R. C. (2016). Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women. Maturitas, 83, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.09.010

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-ND license. Objective This study examined the effects of a non-dieting lifestyle intervention approach for morbidly obese women designed in the fr... Read More about Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women.

Exploring quality of life in patients with and without heart failure (2015)
Journal Article
Zhang, J., Hobkirk, J., Carroll, S., Pellicori, P., Clark, A. L., & Cleland, J. G. (2016). Exploring quality of life in patients with and without heart failure. International journal of cardiology, 202, 676-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.076

Aims The EuroHeart Failure Survey Questionnaire (EHFSQ-1) has 39 questions on symptoms and quality of life (QoL); many items are related. We sought to identify underlying clusters amongst EHFSQ-1 questions, construct an overall “QoL score” and invest... Read More about Exploring quality of life in patients with and without heart failure.

Variability of automated carotid intima-media thickness measurements by novice operators (2014)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Milner, M., Meijer, R., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (2016). Variability of automated carotid intima-media thickness measurements by novice operators. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 36(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12189

Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) measurements provide a non-invasive assessment of sub-clinical atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to assess the inter- and intra-observer variability of automated C-IMT measurements undertaken by two novi... Read More about Variability of automated carotid intima-media thickness measurements by novice operators.

Variability in heart rate recovery measurements over 1 year in healthy, middle-aged adults (2014)
Journal Article
Mellis, M. G., Ingle, L., & Carroll, S. (2014). Variability in heart rate recovery measurements over 1 year in healthy, middle-aged adults. International journal of sports medicine, 35(2), 135-138. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1349091

This study assessed the longer-term (12-month) variability in post-exercise heart rate recovery following a submaximal exercise test. Longitudinal data was analysed for 97 healthy middle-aged adults (74 male, 23 female) from 2 occasions, 12 months ap... Read More about Variability in heart rate recovery measurements over 1 year in healthy, middle-aged adults.

The metabolic inter-relationships between changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles with acute weight loss in clinically obese children and adolescents (2013)
Journal Article
Hobkirk, J. P., King, R. F., Davies, I., Harman, N., Gately, P., Pemberton, P., …Carroll, S. (2014). The metabolic inter-relationships between changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles with acute weight loss in clinically obese children and adolescents. Pediatric obesity : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 9(3), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00165.x

Objective Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are highly atherogenic and strongly associated with obesity-related dyslipidemia. The metabolic inter-relationships between weight loss induced changes in waist circumference, triglycerid... Read More about The metabolic inter-relationships between changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles with acute weight loss in clinically obese children and adolescents.

Abnormalities of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with chronic heart failure (2012)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Sloan, R., Carroll, S., Goode, K., Cleland, J. G., & Clark, A. L. (2012). Abnormalities of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with chronic heart failure. Pulmonary Medicine, 2012, 589164. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/589164

Introduction. The relation between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) can be characterised by the instantaneous ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide production, the ventilatory equivalent for CO(2) (VEqCO(2)). We hypothe... Read More about Abnormalities of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with chronic heart failure.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in obese premenopausal women (2012)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Marshall, P., Ingle, L., & Borkoles, E. (2012). Cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in obese premenopausal women. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 22(6), e133-e139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01522.x

Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) has been proposed as a measure of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in apparently healthy adults. We aimed to determine the effects of a lifestyle intervention on HRR among clinically obese premenopausal women. A r... Read More about Cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in obese premenopausal women.

Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk: possible protective mechanisms? (2012)
Journal Article
Hamer, M., Ingle, L., Carroll, S., & Stamatakis, E. (2012). Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk: possible protective mechanisms?. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(1), 84-88. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3182251077

INTRODUCTION: The biological mechanisms through which increased physical activity or structured exercise training lowers the risk of recurrent cardiac events are incompletely understood. We examined the extent to which modification of primary risk ma... Read More about Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk: possible protective mechanisms?.

Differential Improvements in Lipid Profiles and Framingham Recurrent Risk Score in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation (2011)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Tsakirides, C., Hobkirk, J., Moxon, J. W. D., Dudfield, M., & Ingle, L. (2011). Differential Improvements in Lipid Profiles and Framingham Recurrent Risk Score in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 92(9), 1382-1387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.013

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether lipid profiles and recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) risk could be modified in patients with and without diabetes mellitus undergoing long-term cardiac rehabilitation (CR). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patien... Read More about Differential Improvements in Lipid Profiles and Framingham Recurrent Risk Score in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients (2011)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Carroll, S., Stamatakis, E., & Hamer, M. (2013). Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients. International journal of cardiology, 163(2), 196-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.001

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the addition of lifestyle related variables to the existing Framingham risk score (FRS) for predicting cardiovascular death in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD). De... Read More about Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients.

Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients. (2011)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Ingle, L., Hamer, M., & Stamatakis, E. (2013). Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients. International journal of cardiology, 163(2), 196-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.001

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the addition of lifestyle related variables to the existing Framingham risk score (FRS) for predicting cardiovascular death in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD). DE... Read More about Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients..

Prognostic significance of different measures of the ventilation-carbon dioxide relation in patients with suspected heart failure (2011)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Sloan, R., Carroll, S., Goode, K., Cleland, J. G., & Clark, A. L. (2011). Prognostic significance of different measures of the ventilation-carbon dioxide relation in patients with suspected heart failure. European journal of heart failure, 13(5), 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfq238

Aims We studied the prognostic significance of the ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide production (VEqCO 2 ) at different time-points of a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in patients with suspected heart failure (HF). Methods and re... Read More about Prognostic significance of different measures of the ventilation-carbon dioxide relation in patients with suspected heart failure.

Impact of a short-term, moderate intensity, lower volume circuit resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetics (2010)
Journal Article
Hazley, L., Ingle, L., Tsakirides, C., Carroll, S., & Nagi, D. (2010). Impact of a short-term, moderate intensity, lower volume circuit resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetics. Research in Sports Medicine, 18(4), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2010.510049

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week, low frequency, hospital-based resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Participants were self-selected into either an 8-week resistance tr... Read More about Impact of a short-term, moderate intensity, lower volume circuit resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetics.

Emergence of the verification phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max (2009)
Journal Article
Midgley, A. W., & Carroll, S. (2009). Emergence of the verification phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 19(3), 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00898.x

Traditional VO2max criteria are typically based on attainment of a VO2 plateau, and threshold values for the respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and blood lactate concentration. Despite long-standing criticisms directed at these criteria, their us... Read More about Emergence of the verification phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max.

Physical activity readiness in patient withdrawals from cardiac rehabilitation. (2009)
Journal Article
Rivett, M. J., Tsakirides, C., Pringle, A., Carroll, S., Ingle, L., & Dudfield, M. (2009). Physical activity readiness in patient withdrawals from cardiac rehabilitation. British Journal of Nursing, 18(3), 188-191. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2009.18.3.39050

BACKGROUND: Adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes may be an important element for improving and maintaining physical activity (PA) behaviour in secondary prevention. Little is known about the PA behaviour in patients who have withdrawn... Read More about Physical activity readiness in patient withdrawals from cardiac rehabilitation..

A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: The case for mixed loading exercise programmes (2008)
Journal Article
Martyn-St James, M., & Carroll, S. (2009). A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: The case for mixed loading exercise programmes. British journal of sports medicine, 43(12), 898-908. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.052704

Objectives: To assess the effects of differing impact exercise protocols on postmenopausal bone loss at the hip and spine. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Electronic bibliographic databases, key journals and reference lists... Read More about A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: The case for mixed loading exercise programmes.

Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women (2008)
Journal Article
Martyn-St James, M., & Carroll, S. (2008). Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Bone, 43(3), 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.012

Whilst exercise is recommended for optimum bone health in adult women, there are few systematic reviews of the efficacy of walking as singular exercise therapy for postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of prescribe... Read More about Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

Changes in body composition in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction initiated on beta-blocker therapy (2007)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Rigby, A. S., Carroll, S., Butterly, R., King, R. F., Cooke, C. B., …Clark, A. L. (2007). Changes in body composition in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction initiated on beta-blocker therapy. Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, 12(1), 46-47

Background: Increasing body mass index, cholesterol and body fat are associated with a better prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Beta-blocker usage is associated with changes in body composition and increased bod... Read More about Changes in body composition in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction initiated on beta-blocker therapy.