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Outputs (54)

The Four Waves of Systems Thinking (2023)
Journal Article
Cabrera, D., Cabrera, L., & Midgley, G. (2023). The Four Waves of Systems Thinking. Journal of Systems Thinking, 3, 1-51. https://doi.org/10.54120/jost.000051

This Handbook is about the past, present, and future of systems thinking. It captures the history of systems thinking over its first three ‘waves,’ which are thought of as significant paradigmatic time periods in the history of the field. It then int... Read More about The Four Waves of Systems Thinking.

Multi-level participation in integrative, systemic planning: The case of climate adaptation in Ghana (2023)
Journal Article
Helfgott, A., Midgley, G., Chaudhury, A., Vervoort, J., Sova, C., & Ryan, A. (2023). Multi-level participation in integrative, systemic planning: The case of climate adaptation in Ghana. European journal of operational research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.01.045

Adaptation to climate change is impacted by a range of interrelated processes operating from local to global levels. There are often significant disconnects between different people's perceptions of responsibilities, capabilities and motivations, and... Read More about Multi-level participation in integrative, systemic planning: The case of climate adaptation in Ghana.

Alexander Bogdanov and the question of unity: An emerging research agenda (2023)
Journal Article
Şenalp, Ö., & Midgley, G. (2023). Alexander Bogdanov and the question of unity: An emerging research agenda. Systems research and behavioral science, 40(2), 328-348. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2923

In this paper, we propose a research agenda to support the recovery of Alexander Bogdanov's philosophical and systemic thinking that culminated in his magnum opus, Tektology. Our main reason for doing so is to re-address enduring questions about the... Read More about Alexander Bogdanov and the question of unity: An emerging research agenda.

Mindfulness and Behavioural Insights: Reflections on the Meditative Brain, Systems Theory and Organisational Change (2022)
Journal Article
Lilley, R., Whitehead, M., & Midgley, G. (2022). Mindfulness and Behavioural Insights: Reflections on the Meditative Brain, Systems Theory and Organisational Change. Journal of Awareness-Based Systems Change, 2(2), 29-57. https://doi.org/10.47061/jasc.v2i2.3857

This paper explores the impacts of the Mindfulness-Based Behavioural Insights and Decision-Making (MBBI) programme. Combining mindfulness with behavioural insights instruction, the authors have developed the MBBI programme through a series of iterati... Read More about Mindfulness and Behavioural Insights: Reflections on the Meditative Brain, Systems Theory and Organisational Change.

A systems perspective on systemic innovation (2021)
Journal Article
Midgley, G., & Lindhult, E. (2021). A systems perspective on systemic innovation. Systems research and behavioral science, 38(5), 635–670. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2819

The term ‘systemic innovation’ is increasing in use, but there is no consensus on its meaning: five understandings of the term can be identified, each based on a different view of what the word ‘systemic’ should refer to. The first understanding focu... Read More about A systems perspective on systemic innovation.

Critical Systems Thinking, Systemic Intervention and Beyond (2021)
Book Chapter
Midgley, G., & Rajagopalan, R. (2021). Critical Systems Thinking, Systemic Intervention and Beyond. In G. S. Metcalf, K. Kijima, & H. Deguchi (Eds.), Handbook of Systems Sciences (107-157). New York: Springer Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0720-5

Applied systems thinking has evolved since the 1950s through three paradigmatic waves. Authors in the first wave regarded systems as real-world entities, and systems models as representations of reality, so objectivity was important. In contrast, sec... Read More about Critical Systems Thinking, Systemic Intervention and Beyond.

Designing interagency responses to wicked problems: Creating a common, cross-agency understanding (2020)
Journal Article
Sydelko, P., Midgley, G., & Espinosa, A. (2021). Designing interagency responses to wicked problems: Creating a common, cross-agency understanding. European journal of operational research, 24(1), 250-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.11.045

Wicked problems are open-ended, highly interdependent issues that cross agency, stakeholder, jurisdictional, and geopolitical boundaries. In response, there has been advocacy for interagency working. However, this confounds conventional approaches to... Read More about Designing interagency responses to wicked problems: Creating a common, cross-agency understanding.

How Systems Thinking Enhances Systems Leadership (2020)
Report
Hobbs, C., & Midgley, G. (2020). How Systems Thinking Enhances Systems Leadership. London: National Leadership Centre

Systems leadership is only part of what is needed to deal with cross-cutting issues. Leaders need to be allowed to step back from the system they are in, think about what they are trying to achieve in relation to the bigger picture, and collaborate w... Read More about How Systems Thinking Enhances Systems Leadership.

Exploring Boundaries in Food Systems Research: Implications for Projects on UK Food Security (2020)
Report
Helfgott, A., & Midgley, G. (in press). Exploring Boundaries in Food Systems Research: Implications for Projects on UK Food Security. Swindon: RCUK Global Food Security Programme (subcontract to University of Oxford)

Executive Summary This report describes the Global Food Security (GFS) Boundaries Project, which represents the first systematic attempt to apply critical systems thinking and practice to a food systems research programme (as opposed to a single... Read More about Exploring Boundaries in Food Systems Research: Implications for Projects on UK Food Security.

Systemic evaluation of community environmental management programmes (2020)
Journal Article
Foote, J., Midgley, G., Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., Hepi, M., & Earl-Goulet, J. (2021). Systemic evaluation of community environmental management programmes. European journal of operational research, 288(1), 207-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2020.05.019

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Community environmental management (CEM) involves the facilitation of community partnerships, local dialogue, consultation and participative decision-making. This is increasingly seen as a solution to some of the more complex env... Read More about Systemic evaluation of community environmental management programmes.

Foreword (2020)
Book Chapter
Midgley, G. (2020). Foreword. In Immersive Systemic Knowing: Advancing Systems Thinking Beyond Rational Analysis (xi-xi). Cham: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49135-2

This is the Foreword to a book by Raghav Rajagopalan called "Immersive Systemic Knowing: Advancing Systems Thinking Beyond Rational Analysis", published by Springer, New York, in October 2020.

Expertise in research integration and implementation for tackling complex problems: when is it needed, where can it be found and how can it be strengthened? (2020)
Journal Article
Bammer, G., O’Rourke, M., O’Connell, D., Neuhauser, L., Midgley, G., Klein, J. T., …Richardson, G. P. (2020). Expertise in research integration and implementation for tackling complex problems: when is it needed, where can it be found and how can it be strengthened?. Palgrave communications, 6(1), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0380-0

© 2020, The Author(s). Expertise in research integration and implementation is an essential but often overlooked component of tackling complex societal and environmental problems. We focus on expertise relevant to any complex problem, especially cont... Read More about Expertise in research integration and implementation for tackling complex problems: when is it needed, where can it be found and how can it be strengthened?.

Stakeholder identification and engagement in problem structuring interventions (2019)
Journal Article
Gregory, A. J., Atkins, J. P., Midgley, G., & Hodgson, A. (2020). Stakeholder identification and engagement in problem structuring interventions. European journal of operational research, 283(1), 321-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.10.044

© 2019 The Authors This paper addresses the under-researched issue of stakeholder identification and engagement in problem structuring interventions. A concise framework is proposed to aid critical reflection in the design and reporting of stakeholde... Read More about Stakeholder identification and engagement in problem structuring interventions.

Towards a heart and soul for co-creative research practice: A systemic approach (2019)
Journal Article
Nicholas, G., Foote, J., Kainz, K., Midgley, G., Prager, K., & Zurbriggen, C. (2019). Towards a heart and soul for co-creative research practice: A systemic approach. Evidence and Policy, 15(3), 353-370. https://doi.org/10.1332/174426419X15578220630571

© Policy Press 2019 The language of co-creation has become popular with policy makers, researchers and consultants wanting to support evidence-based change. However, there is little agreement about what features a research or consultancy project must... Read More about Towards a heart and soul for co-creative research practice: A systemic approach.

Developing a systemic program evaluation methodology: A critical systems perspective (2018)
Journal Article
Torres-Cuello, M. A., Pinzón-Salcedo, L., & Midgley, G. (2018). Developing a systemic program evaluation methodology: A critical systems perspective. Systems research and behavioral science, 35(5), 538-547. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2561

In recent years, there has been an increased interest within the program evaluation field for introducing systems thinking concepts. However, most of these attempts have been primarily directed towards supporting the practice of evaluation and not to... Read More about Developing a systemic program evaluation methodology: A critical systems perspective.

A systemic integration approach to designing interagency responses to wicked problems (2017)
Conference Proceeding
Sydelko, P., Midgley, G., & Espinosa, A. (2017). A systemic integration approach to designing interagency responses to wicked problems. In Proceedings of the 61st Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (23-54)

Wicked problems are open-ended, highly interdependent issues that cross agency, stakeholder, jurisdictional, political and geopolitical boundaries. This confounds governments because policies and budgets tend to be aligned within these boundaries an... Read More about A systemic integration approach to designing interagency responses to wicked problems.

Ten essentials for action-oriented and second order energy transitions, transformations and climate change research (2017)
Journal Article
Fazey, I., Schäpke, N., Caniglia, G., Patterson, J., Hultman, J., van Mierlo, B., …Wyborn, C. (2018). Ten essentials for action-oriented and second order energy transitions, transformations and climate change research. Energy research & social science ERSS, 40, 54-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2017.11.026

The most critical question for climate research is no longer about the problem, but about how to facilitate the transformative changes necessary to avoid catastrophic climate-induced change. Addressing this question, however, will require massive ups... Read More about Ten essentials for action-oriented and second order energy transitions, transformations and climate change research.

Evaluating how system health assessment can trigger anticipatory action for resilience (2017)
Book Chapter
Lowe, D., Oliver, P., Midgley, G., & Yearworth, M. (2018). Evaluating how system health assessment can trigger anticipatory action for resilience. In A. M. Madni, B. Boehm, R. G. Ghanem, D. Erwin, & M. J. Wheaton (Eds.), Disciplinary Convergence in Systems Engineering Research (765-776). Cham.: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62217-0_53

© Springer International Publishing AG 2018. All rights are reserved. In 2014, the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory developed and implemented a novel approach to assess the system by which the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence delivers infr... Read More about Evaluating how system health assessment can trigger anticipatory action for resilience.

Emerging trends and new frontiers in community operational research (2017)
Journal Article
Johnson, M. P., Midgley, G., & Chichirau, G. (2018). Emerging trends and new frontiers in community operational research. European journal of operational research, 268(3), 1178-1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.11.032

Community Operational Research (Community OR), and its disciplinary relation, Community-Based Operations Research, has an increasingly high profile within multiple domains that benefit from empirical and analytic approaches to problem solving. These... Read More about Emerging trends and new frontiers in community operational research.

What is Community Operational Research? (2017)
Journal Article
Midgley, G., Johnson, M. P., & Chichirau, G. (2018). What is Community Operational Research?. European journal of operational research, 268(3), 771-783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.08.014

Community Operational Research (Community OR) has been an explicit sub-domain of OR for more than 30 years. In this paper, we tackle the controversial issue of how it can be differentiated from other forms of OR. While it has been persuasively argued... Read More about What is Community Operational Research?.

Systemic lean intervention: enhancing lean with community operational research (2017)
Journal Article
Ufua, D. E., Papadopoulos, T., & Midgley, G. (2018). Systemic lean intervention: enhancing lean with community operational research. European journal of operational research, 268, 1134-1148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2017.08.004

This paper explores how theory and methodology from Community OR can enhance Lean initiatives. We are driven by the paucity of the literature discussing the involvement of non-obvious stakeholders, particularly local communities, in the adoption of L... Read More about Systemic lean intervention: enhancing lean with community operational research.

The Mälardalen University Visiting Professorship in Systemic Innovation: A Report to the Swedish Knowledge Foundation (2017)
Working Paper
Midgley, G. The Mälardalen University Visiting Professorship in Systemic Innovation: A Report to the Swedish Knowledge Foundation

Executive Summary: Over a period of a year (1.4.16 to 31.3.17), the Swedish Knowledge Foundation funded a Visiting Professorship in Systemic Innovation based at Mälardalen University (MDH), Eskilstuna, Sweden. The position was taken by Gerald Midgle... Read More about The Mälardalen University Visiting Professorship in Systemic Innovation: A Report to the Swedish Knowledge Foundation.

Evaluating how System Health Assessment can Trigger Anticipatory Action for Resilience (2017)
Working Paper
Lowe, D., Oliver, P., Midgley, G., & Yearworth, M. Evaluating how System Health Assessment can Trigger Anticipatory Action for Resilience

In 2014 the Defence Science and Technology Laboratory developed and implemented a novel approach to assess the system by which the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence delivers infrastructure projects and services. This approach brought together existi... Read More about Evaluating how System Health Assessment can Trigger Anticipatory Action for Resilience.

Emerging Trends and New Frontiers in Community Operational Research (2017)
Working Paper
Johnson, M. P., Midgley, G., & Chichirau, G. Emerging Trends and New Frontiers in Community Operational Research

Community operational research (COR), and its disciplinary relation, community-based operations research, have an increasingly high profile within multiple domains that benefit from empirical and analytic approaches to problem solving. Many of these... Read More about Emerging Trends and New Frontiers in Community Operational Research.

What is Systemic Innovation? (2017)
Working Paper
Midgley, G., & Lindhult, E. What is Systemic Innovation?

The term ‘systemic innovation’ is increasing in use. However, there is no consensus on its meaning: four different ways of using the term can be identified in the literature. Most people simply define it as a type of innovation where value can only b... Read More about What is Systemic Innovation?.

Systemic evaluation of a community environmental management programme (2016)
Working Paper
Foote, J., Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., Hepi, M., Midgley, G., & Earl-Goulet, J. Systemic evaluation of a community environmental management programme

Community environmental management (CEM) involves achieving environmental objectives through the facilitation of community partnerships, local dialogues, consultations and participative decision making. This is increasingly seen as a solution to some... Read More about Systemic evaluation of a community environmental management programme.

Systemic lean intervention: enhancing lean with community operational research (2016)
Working Paper
Ufua, D. E., Papadopoulos, T., & Midgley, G. Systemic lean intervention: enhancing lean with community operational research

This paper discusses how the theory and methodology of Community OR can enhance Lean initiatives. We argue that Lean practice can benefit from going beyond just the involvement of organizational stakeholders: local communities can be swept into the p... Read More about Systemic lean intervention: enhancing lean with community operational research.

Dealing with challenges to methodological pluralism: the paradigm problem, psychological resistance and cultural barriers (2016)
Journal Article
Midgley, G., Nicholson, J., & Brennan, R. (2017). Dealing with challenges to methodological pluralism: the paradigm problem, psychological resistance and cultural barriers. Industrial marketing management, 62, 150-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.08.008

This paper calls for methodological pluralism in industrial marketing research. We discuss three challenges that proponents of methodological pluralism have to address if their practice is to be seen as credible: the paradigm problem; psychological r... Read More about Dealing with challenges to methodological pluralism: the paradigm problem, psychological resistance and cultural barriers.

Moving beyond value conflicts : systemic problem structuring in action (2016)
Working Paper
Midgley, G. Moving beyond value conflicts : systemic problem structuring in action

Value conflicts can become entrenched in a destructive pattern of mutual stigmatization, which inhibits the emergence of new understandings of the situation and actions for improvement. In extreme cases, such patterns can even lead to violence. This... Read More about Moving beyond value conflicts : systemic problem structuring in action.

Four domains of complexity (2016)
Journal Article
Midgley, G. (2016). Four domains of complexity. Emergence: complexity and organization, 18(2),

In this short paper, which reflects on one of my contributions to the systems literature in 1992 (Pluralism and the Legitimation of Systems Science), I discuss the context at that time. Systems scientists were embroiled in a paradigm war, which threa... Read More about Four domains of complexity.

Boundary games: how teams of OR practitioners explore the boundaries of intervention (2015)
Journal Article
Velez-Castiblanco, J., Brocklesby, J., & Midgley, G. (2016). Boundary games: how teams of OR practitioners explore the boundaries of intervention. European journal of operational research, 249(3), 968-982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.08.006

An operational research (OR) practitioner designing an intervention needs to engage in a practical process for choosing methods and implementing them. When a team of OR practitioners does this, and/or clients and stakeholders are involved, the social... Read More about Boundary games: how teams of OR practitioners explore the boundaries of intervention.

Antimicrobials in animal agriculture: Parables and policy (2015)
Journal Article
Scott, H. M., Midgley, G., & Loneragan, G. H. (2015). Antimicrobials in animal agriculture: Parables and policy. Zoonoses and public health, 62(s1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12191

In addition to the scientific, economic, regulatory and other policy factors that impact on antimicrobial decision-making in different jurisdictions around the world, there exist ethical, social and cultural bases for the contemporary use of these pr... Read More about Antimicrobials in animal agriculture: Parables and policy.

Systemic Intervention (2015)
Working Paper
Midgley, G. (2015). Systemic Intervention

This paper describes the practice of systemic intervention, emphasizing (1) the need to explore stakeholder values and boundaries for analysis; (2) responses to the challenges of marginalization processes; and (3) a wide, pluralistic range of methods... Read More about Systemic Intervention.

Knowing differently in systemic intervention (2015)
Journal Article
Rajagopalan, R., & Midgley, G. (2015). Knowing differently in systemic intervention. Systems research and behavioral science, 32(5), 546-561. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2352

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This paper makes the case for extended ways of knowing in systemic intervention. It argues that the deployment of formal (even reflective) thinking and dialogue methods are inadequate, on their own, to the critical ta... Read More about Knowing differently in systemic intervention.

Action research in a problem avoiding culture using a Buddhist systems methodology (2014)
Journal Article
Shen, C., & Midgley, G. (2015). Action research in a problem avoiding culture using a Buddhist systems methodology. Action Research, 13(2), 170-193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750314558428

Problem avoidance can be an issue in both Eastern and Western cultures, and in some Eastern contexts it can stem from the desire to promote organizational harmony: identifying problems can lead to blame, thereby fracturing harmonious relationships. T... Read More about Action research in a problem avoiding culture using a Buddhist systems methodology.

Gaining access to agency and structure in industrial marketing theory: A critical pluralist approach (2014)
Journal Article
Nicholson, J. D., Brennan, R., & Midgley, G. (2014). Gaining access to agency and structure in industrial marketing theory: A critical pluralist approach. Marketing Theory, 14(4), 395-416. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593114538994

This article is concerned with gaining greater insight into the interplay between agency and structure in industrial marketing (IM) scholarship. The article’s intent is to embed Midgley’s notion of critical pluralism within this endeavour. The articl... Read More about Gaining access to agency and structure in industrial marketing theory: A critical pluralist approach.

Issues mapping: a problem structuring method for addressing science and technology conflicts (2014)
Journal Article
Cronin, K., Midgley, G., & Jackson, L. S. (2014). Issues mapping: a problem structuring method for addressing science and technology conflicts. European journal of operational research, 233(1), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.08.012

There are new opportunities for the application of problem structuring methods to address science and technology risk conflicts through stakeholder dialogue. Most previous approaches to addressing risk conflicts have been developed from a traditional... Read More about Issues mapping: a problem structuring method for addressing science and technology conflicts.

Developing a Systemic Problem Structuring Method for Use in a Problem- Avoiding Culture (2014)
Working Paper
Shen, C. Y., & Midgley, G. (2014). Developing a Systemic Problem Structuring Method for Use in a Problem- Avoiding Culture

This paper presents a Buddhist systems methodology (BSM) designed for use in Taiwanese Buddhist organisations. The authors argue that the BSM has advantages in Taiwanese contexts compared with Western systemic problem structuring methods, which mostl... Read More about Developing a Systemic Problem Structuring Method for Use in a Problem- Avoiding Culture.

Systemic intervention for computer-supported collaborative learning (2013)
Journal Article
Barros-Castro, R. A., Midgley, G., & Pinzón, L. (2015). Systemic intervention for computer-supported collaborative learning. Systems research and behavioral science, 32(1), 86-105. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2220

This paper presents a systemic intervention approach as a means to overcome the methodological challenges involved in research into computer-supported collaborative learning applied to the promotion of mathematical problem-solving (CSCL-MPS) skills i... Read More about Systemic intervention for computer-supported collaborative learning.

Towards a new framework for evaluating systemic problem structuring methods (2013)
Journal Article
Midgley, G., Cavana, R. Y., Brocklesby, J., Foote, J. L., Wood, D. R. R., & Ahuriri-Driscoll, A. (2013). Towards a new framework for evaluating systemic problem structuring methods. European journal of operational research, 229(1), 143-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2013.01.047

Operational researchers and social scientists often make significant claims for the value of systemic problem structuring and other participative methods. However, when they present evidence to support these claims, it is usually based on single case... Read More about Towards a new framework for evaluating systemic problem structuring methods.

Beyond organisational agendas: using boundary critique to facilitate the inclusion of societal concerns in information systems planning (2008)
Journal Article
Córdoba, J. R., & Midgley, G. (2008). Beyond organisational agendas: using boundary critique to facilitate the inclusion of societal concerns in information systems planning. European Journal of Information Systems, 17(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2008.4

As the development of the information society takes place worldwide, individuals, groups and organisations face the challenge of taking advantage of information and communication technologies (ICTs). 'Digital divides' are emerging: some sections of s... Read More about Beyond organisational agendas: using boundary critique to facilitate the inclusion of societal concerns in information systems planning.

Practitioner identity in systemic intervention: Reflections on the promotion of environmental health through Māori community development (2007)
Journal Article
Midgley, G., Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., Foote, J., Hepi, M., Taimona, H., Rogers-Koroheke, M., …Wood, D. (2007). Practitioner identity in systemic intervention: Reflections on the promotion of environmental health through Māori community development. Systems research and behavioral science, 24(2), 233-247. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.827

In systemic intervention, boundary critique is important. This means explicitly exploring the inclusion, exclusion and marginalization of both people and issues. Most of the practitioner's attention in boundary critique is usually focused on relation... Read More about Practitioner identity in systemic intervention: Reflections on the promotion of environmental health through Māori community development.

Addressing organisational and societal concerns : an application of critical systems thinking to information systems planning in Colombia (2003)
Working Paper
Midgley, G., & Córdoba-Pachon, J. (2003). Addressing organisational and societal concerns : an application of critical systems thinking to information systems planning in Colombia

Most current information system s (IS) planning methodologies are focused on achieving ‘successful’ plans, i.e. plans that provide competitive advantage, can be implemented in a given period of time, and that solve the problems of information needs b... Read More about Addressing organisational and societal concerns : an application of critical systems thinking to information systems planning in Colombia.

A Contextual View of Ethics (1993)
Journal Article
Midgley, G. (1993). A Contextual View of Ethics. The psychologist, 6(4), 175-178

Gerald Midgley examines the arguments presented by Jeffrey Gray, Peter Singer and Richard Ryder in our special issue on animal experimentation (May 1991). He proposes a contextual theory of moral choice to deal with the conflicting ethical principles... Read More about A Contextual View of Ethics.

Forensic DNA evidence on trial : science and uncertainty in the courtroom
Book
Midgley, G., Ahuriri-Driscoll, A., Grace, V., & Veth, J. Forensic DNA evidence on trial : science and uncertainty in the courtroom. The University of Hull

When juries hear forensic DNA evidence presented in court, what does it mean to them? And does it mean the same for police officers, lawyers and forensic scientists? If jurors, scientists and others have fundamentally different understandings of DNA... Read More about Forensic DNA evidence on trial : science and uncertainty in the courtroom.

Moving beyond value conflicts : systemic problem structuring in action
Conference Proceeding
Midgley, G. Moving beyond value conflicts : systemic problem structuring in action.

Abstract: Value conflicts can become entrenched in a destructive pattern of mutual stigmatization, which inhibits the emergence of new understandings of the situation and actions for improvement. In extreme cases, such patterns can even lead to viole... Read More about Moving beyond value conflicts : systemic problem structuring in action.