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Correction to: Evolutionary biomechanics: Hard tissues and soft evidence? (Proc. R. Soc. B (2021) 288 (20202809) DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2809) (2021)
Journal Article
Broyde, S., Dempsey, M., Wang, L., Cox, P. G., Fagan, M., & Bates, K. T. (2021). Correction to: Evolutionary biomechanics: Hard tissues and soft evidence? (Proc. R. Soc. B (2021) 288 (20202809) DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2809). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 288(1950), Article 20202809. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0831

Further analysis of our finite element (FE) models, as part of ongoing work, has revealed a systematic error running through all 30 models in our original analysis. In all 30 FE models, the force magnitudes applied to represent maximum isometric cont... Read More about Correction to: Evolutionary biomechanics: Hard tissues and soft evidence? (Proc. R. Soc. B (2021) 288 (20202809) DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2809).

Evolutionary biomechanics: hard tissues and soft evidence? (2021)
Journal Article
Broyde, S., Dempsey, M., Wang, L., Cox, P. G., Fagan, M., & Bates, K. T. (2021). Evolutionary biomechanics: hard tissues and soft evidence?. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 288(1945), Article 20202809. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2809

Biomechanical modelling is a powerful tool for quantifying the evolution of functional performance in extinct animals to understand key anatomical innovations and selective pressures driving major evolutionary radiations. However, the fossil record i... Read More about Evolutionary biomechanics: hard tissues and soft evidence?.

Bite force and cranial bone strain in four species of lizards (2018)
Journal Article
Ross, C. F., Porro, L. B., Herrel, A., Evans, S. E., & Fagan, M. J. (2018). Bite force and cranial bone strain in four species of lizards. The journal of experimental biology, 221(23), jeb.180240. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.180240

In vivo bone strain data provide direct evidence of strain patterns in the cranium during biting. Compared to mammals, in vivo bone strains in lizard skulls are poorly documented. This paper presents strain data from the skulls of Anolis equestris, G... Read More about Bite force and cranial bone strain in four species of lizards.

The biomechanical role of the chondrocranium and sutures in a lizard cranium (2017)
Journal Article
Jones, M. E. H., Gröning, F., Dutel, H., Sharp, A., Fagan, M. J., & Evans, S. E. (2017). The biomechanical role of the chondrocranium and sutures in a lizard cranium. Journal of the Royal Society interface / the Royal Society, 14(137), Article 20170637. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0637

The role of soft tissues in skull biomechanics remains poorly understood. Not least, the chondrocranium, the portion of the braincase which persists as cartilage with varying degrees of mineralization. It also remains commonplace to overlook the biom... Read More about The biomechanical role of the chondrocranium and sutures in a lizard cranium.

Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex (2016)
Journal Article
Lautenschlager, S., Gill, P., Luo, Z., Fagan, M. J., & Rayfield, E. J. (2017). Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex. Biological Reviews, 92(4), 1910-1940. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12314

The evolution of the mammalian jaw during the transition from non-mammalian synapsids to crown mammals is a key event in vertebrate history and characterised by the gradual reduction of its individual bones into a single element and the concomitant t... Read More about Morphological evolution of the mammalian jaw adductor complex.

A virtual approach to evaluate therapies for management of multiple myeloma induced bone disease: Modelling Therapies for Multiple Myeloma Induced Bone Disease (2015)
Journal Article
Ji, B., Genever, P. G., & Fagan, M. J. (2016). A virtual approach to evaluate therapies for management of multiple myeloma induced bone disease: Modelling Therapies for Multiple Myeloma Induced Bone Disease. International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering, 32(3), e02735. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2735

Multiple myeloma bone disease is devastating for patients and a major cause of morbidity. The disease leads to bone destruction by inhibiting osteoblast activity while stimulating osteoclast activity. Recent advances in multiple myeloma research have... Read More about A virtual approach to evaluate therapies for management of multiple myeloma induced bone disease: Modelling Therapies for Multiple Myeloma Induced Bone Disease.

Investigating the efficacy of bisphosphonates treatment against multiple myeloma induced bone disease using a computational model (2014)
Journal Article
Ji, B., Yang, Q., Genever, P. G., & Fagan, M. J. (2014). Investigating the efficacy of bisphosphonates treatment against multiple myeloma induced bone disease using a computational model. Bio-medical materials and engineering, 24(6), 3373-3378. https://doi.org/10.3233/BME-141160

Multiple myeloma (MM)-induced bone disease is mortal for most MM patients. Bisphosphonates are first-line treatment for MM-induced bone disease, since it can inhibit osteoclast activity and the resultant bone resorption by suppressing the differentia... Read More about Investigating the efficacy of bisphosphonates treatment against multiple myeloma induced bone disease using a computational model.

In vivo cranial bone strain and bite force in the agamid lizard Uromastyx geyri (2014)
Journal Article
Porro, L. B., Ross, C. F., Iriarte-Diaz, J., O'Reilly, J. C., Evans, S. E., & Fagan, M. J. (2014). In vivo cranial bone strain and bite force in the agamid lizard Uromastyx geyri. The journal of experimental biology, 217(11), 1983-1992. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.096362

In vivo bone strain data are the most direct evidence of deformation and strain regimes in the vertebrate cranium during feeding and can provide important insights into skull morphology. Strain data have been collected during feeding across a wide ra... Read More about In vivo cranial bone strain and bite force in the agamid lizard Uromastyx geyri.

Comparing the distribution of strains with the distribution of bone tissue in a human mandible: a finite element study (2012)
Journal Article
Gröning, F., Fagan, M., & O'Higgins, P. (2013). Comparing the distribution of strains with the distribution of bone tissue in a human mandible: a finite element study. Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 296(1), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22597

Comparative anatomy and experimental studies suggest that the mass and distribution of tissue within a bone is adapted to the strains the bone experiences during function. Finite element analysis is a powerful tool that can be used to investigate thi... Read More about Comparing the distribution of strains with the distribution of bone tissue in a human mandible: a finite element study.

Functional evolution of the feeding system in rodents (2012)
Journal Article
Cox, P. G., Rayfield, E. J., Fagan, M. J., Herrel, A., Pataky, T. C., & Jeffery, N. (2012). Functional evolution of the feeding system in rodents. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e36299. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036299

The masticatory musculature of rodents has evolved to enable both gnawing at the incisors and chewing at the molars. In particular, the masseter muscle is highly specialised, having extended anteriorly to originate from the rostrum. All living rodent... Read More about Functional evolution of the feeding system in rodents.

Modeling the human mandible under masticatory loads: which input variables are important? (2012)
Journal Article
Gröning, F., Fagan, M., & O'higgins, P. (2012). Modeling the human mandible under masticatory loads: which input variables are important?. Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology, 295(5), 853-863. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.22455

Finite element analyses (FEA) that have simulated masticatory loadings of the human mandible differ significantly with regard to their basic input variables such as material properties, constraints, and applied forces. With sensitivity analyses it is... Read More about Modeling the human mandible under masticatory loads: which input variables are important?.

Comment on "The effects of modelling simplifications on craniofacial finite element models: the alveoli (tooth sockets) and periodontal ligaments" (volume 44, issue 10, pages 1831-1838) (2012)
Journal Article
Gröning, F., & Fagan, M. (2012). Comment on "The effects of modelling simplifications on craniofacial finite element models: the alveoli (tooth sockets) and periodontal ligaments" (volume 44, issue 10, pages 1831-1838). Journal of biomechanics, 45(9), 1749-1750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.10.042

The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwestern Europe (2011)
Journal Article
Higham, T., Compton, T., Stringer, C., Jacobi, R., Shapiro, B., Trinkaus, E., …Fagan, M. (2011). The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwestern Europe. Nature, 479(7374), 521-524. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10484

The earliest anatomically modern humans in Europe are thought to have appeared around 43,000-42,000 calendar years before present (43-42 kyr cal BP), by association with Aurignacian sites and lithic assemblages assumed to have been made by modern hum... Read More about The earliest evidence for anatomically modern humans in northwestern Europe.

Finite element modelling of squirrel, guinea pig and rat skulls: using geometric morphometrics to assess sensitivity. (2011)
Journal Article
Cox, P. G., Fagan, M. J., Rayfield, E. J., & Jeffery, N. (2011). Finite element modelling of squirrel, guinea pig and rat skulls: using geometric morphometrics to assess sensitivity. Journal of anatomy, 219(6), 696-709. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01436.x

Rodents are defined by a uniquely specialized dentition and a highly complex arrangement of jaw-closing muscles. Finite element analysis (FEA) is an ideal technique to investigate the biomechanical implications of these specializations, but it is ess... Read More about Finite element modelling of squirrel, guinea pig and rat skulls: using geometric morphometrics to assess sensitivity..

The effects of the periodontal ligament on mandibular stiffness: a study combining finite element analysis and geometric morphometrics (2011)
Journal Article
Gröning, F., Fagan, M. J., & O'Higgins, P. (2011). The effects of the periodontal ligament on mandibular stiffness: a study combining finite element analysis and geometric morphometrics. Journal of biomechanics, 44(7), 1304-1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.01.008

It is generally accepted that the periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in transferring occlusal forces from the teeth to the alveolar bone. Studies using finite element analysis (FEA) have helped to better understand this role and show tha... Read More about The effects of the periodontal ligament on mandibular stiffness: a study combining finite element analysis and geometric morphometrics.

Why do humans have chins? Testing the mechanical significance of modern human symphyseal morphology with finite element analysis (2010)
Journal Article
Gröning, F., Liu, J., Fagan, M. J., & O'Higgins, P. (2011). Why do humans have chins? Testing the mechanical significance of modern human symphyseal morphology with finite element analysis. American journal of physical anthropology, 144(4), 593-606. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21447

The modern human mandibular symphysis differs from those of all other primates in being vertically orientated and possessing a chin, but the functional significance of this unique morphology is not well understood. Some hypotheses propose that it is... Read More about Why do humans have chins? Testing the mechanical significance of modern human symphyseal morphology with finite element analysis.