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Spore exines increase vitamin D clinical bioavailability by mucoadhesion and bile triggered release (2022)
Journal Article
Diego-Taboada, A., Sathyapalan, T., Courts, F., Lorch, M., Almutairi, F., Burke, B. P., …Mackenzie, G. (2022). Spore exines increase vitamin D clinical bioavailability by mucoadhesion and bile triggered release. Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 350, 244-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.017

Sporopollenin exine capsules (SpECs) are microcapsules derived from the outer shells (exines) of plant spore and pollen grains. This work reports the first clinical study on healthy volunteers to show enhanced bioavailability of vitamin D encapsulate... Read More about Spore exines increase vitamin D clinical bioavailability by mucoadhesion and bile triggered release.

Sporopollenin, the least known yet toughest natural biopolymer (2015)
Journal Article
Mackenzie, G., Boa, A. N., Diego-Taboada, A., Atkin, S. L., & Sathyapalan, T. (2015). Sporopollenin, the least known yet toughest natural biopolymer. Frontiers in Materials, 2, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2015.00066

© 2015 Mackenzie, Boa, Diego-Taboada, Atkin and Sathyapalan. Sporopollenin is highly cross-linked polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is extraordinarily stable and has been found chemically intact in sedimentary rocks some 500 milli... Read More about Sporopollenin, the least known yet toughest natural biopolymer.