Kin discrimination, negative relatedness, and how to distinguish between selfishness and spite
(2020)
Journal Article
Patel, M., West, S. A., & Biernaskie, J. M. (2020). Kin discrimination, negative relatedness, and how to distinguish between selfishness and spite. Evolution Letters, 4(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1002/evl3.150
Spiteful behaviors occur when an actor harms its own fitness to inflict harm on the fitness of others. Several papers have predicted that spite can be favored in sufficiently small populations, even when the harming behavior is directed indiscriminat... Read More about Kin discrimination, negative relatedness, and how to distinguish between selfishness and spite.