Interventions maintaining eating Independence in nursing home residents: a multicentre qualitative study

Palese, Alvisa; Bressan, Valentina; Kasa, Tea; Meri, Marin; Hayter, Mark; Watson, Roger

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Despite 32 years of research and 13 reviews published in the field, no intervention can be considered a gold standard for maintaining eating performance among residents with dementia. The study aim was to highlight the interventions derived from tacit knowledge and offered daily in assisting eating by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in nursing homes (NHs). METHOD: A multicentre descriptive qualitative study was performed in 2017. Thirteen NHs admitting residents with moderate/severe functional dependence in eating mainly due to dementia, were approached. A purposeful sample of 54 HCPs involved on a daily basis in assisting residents during mealtime were interviewed in 13 focus groups. Data analysis was conducted via qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: The promotion and maintenance of eating performance for as long as possible is ensured by a set of interventions targeting three levels: (a) environmental, by 'Ritualising the mealtime experience by creating a controlled stimulated environment'; (b) social, by 'Structuring effective mealtime social interactions'; and (c) individual, by 'Individualising eating care' for each resident. CONCLUSIONS: In NHs, the eating decline is juxtaposed with complex interventions regulated on a daily basis and targeting the environment, the social interactions, and the residents' needs. Several interventions that emerged as effective, according to the experience of participants, have never been documented before; while others are in contrast to the evidence documented. This suggests the need for further studies in the field; as no conclusions regarding the best interventions have been established to date.

Citation

Palese, A., Bressan, V., Kasa, T., Meri, M., Hayter, M., & Watson, R. (2018). Interventions maintaining eating Independence in nursing home residents: a multicentre qualitative study. BMC Geriatrics, 18(1), 292. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0985-y

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Nov 19, 2018
• Online Publication Date: Nov 27, 2018
• Publication Date: Nov 27, 2018
• Deposit Date: Nov 28, 2018
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 28, 2018
• Journal: BMC Geriatrics
• Print ISSN: 1471-2318
• Electronic ISSN: 1471-2318
• Publisher: Springer Verlag
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 18
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 292
• Pages: 292
• Series ISSN: 1471-2318
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-0985-y
• Keywords: Feeding difficulties; Mealtime difficulties; Eating assistance, interventions; Dementia; Elderly; Tacit knowledge; Perceived effectiveness; Nursing home; Qualitative study; Content analysis
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/1163131
• Publisher URL: https://bmcgeriatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12877-018-0985-y