Systemic arterial pressure wave reflections during acute hemorrhage

Dark, Paul; Little, Rod; Nirmalan, Mahesh; Purdy, Jon

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effects of hemorrhage on wave-reflection-induced systolic pressure augmentation in the aorta. Design: Randomized, controlled laboratory experiment. Setting. University research laboratory. Subjects: Twenty-five anesthetized pigs randomized to surgical controls (n = 7), hemorrhage (n = 9, H), and hemorrhage with reinfusion (n = 9, HR). Interventions. Hemorrhage of 1 mL/kg/min over 20 mins followed by observation (H) or reinfusion (HR) of shed blood. Measurements and Main Results. High-fidelity systemic arterial pressure waveforms, from ascending aorta to femoral artery, were transduced and archived digitally using intravascular semiconductor catheter-tipped pressure transducers. Wave-reflection-induced systolic pressure augmentation was determined using the augmentation index in the ascending aorta (Al-aa) and distal descending aorta (Al-da). Pulse wave velocity, wave travel times, and lumped pressure wave reflection sites were also calculated. Al values were positive at baseline with greater decreases in Aid, compared with Al-aa observed following hemorrhage, with negative values achieved for Al-da alone. Al returned to control values following reinfusion. Lumped reflection site positions and pressure contour maps suggested that a single lumped reflection site (lower abdomen/pelvis) at baseline was replaced by two discrete sites (upper abdomen and pelvis) following hemorrhage, which only recovered following reinfusion. Hemorrhage was associated with hemodynamic conditions that favored late return of wave reflection from the trunk and with the absence of significant changes in systemic vascular resistance. Conclusions: Hemorrhage-induced early return of pressure wave reflection from the abdominal vasculature is associated with systolic pressure augmentation in the ascending aorta and has the potential to worsen afterload conditions and decrease coronary artery perfusion and cardiac performance. Hemorrhage-induced splanchnic vasoconstriction causing pressure wave reflection may explain these loading conditions in the ascending aorta, and systolic pressure augmentation may be a more useful guide to left ventricular afterload than systemic vascular resistance.

Citation

Dark, P., Little, R., Nirmalan, M., & Purdy, J. (2006). Systemic arterial pressure wave reflections during acute hemorrhage. Critical Care Medicine, 34(5), 1497-1505. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000215451.26971.89

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 31, 2006
• Publication Date: May 1, 2006
• Journal: CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
• Print ISSN: 0090-3493
• Publisher: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 34
• Issue: 5
• Pages: 1497-1505
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000215451.26971.89
• Keywords: Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/396212
• Publisher URL: https://journals.lww.com/ccmjournal/Abstract/2006/05000/Systemic_arterial_pressure_wave_reflections_during.29.aspx