Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

Role of zinc in bulk precipitation from the steaming process of potable water

Al-Gailani, Amthal; Taylor, Martin J.; Barker, Richard

Authors

Richard Barker



Abstract

Water chemistry plays an important role in fouling kinetics and morphology. This work investigates the influence of zinc cations in potable water, specifically the kinetics of crystallisation and their effect on the fouling layer during the operation of a batch steam generator system and a once-through flow system. The kinetics of precipitation in the batch crystalliser were examined based on the change in concentration of the foulants, while the fouling resistance approach was used in the flow system. In addition, morphological testing was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Powder X-ray Diffraction, and Energy dispersive X-ray. The findings showed that the precipitation rate of calcium carbonate decreases with the increase in zinc ions until reaching the zinc carbonate supersaturation in the water due to water evaporation. Regarding morphology, co-precipitation of zinc carbonate was observed at high zinc concentrations. As a result, a double effect was observed where zinc both retarded and enhanced fouling over time. The fouling rate in the flow system decreased as the zinc concentration increased. Zinc ions were found to influence the morphology of deposit minerals significantly. Moreover, the surface deposition of zinc salts increased with the solution content of zinc.

Citation

Al-Gailani, A., Taylor, M. J., & Barker, R. (2023). Role of zinc in bulk precipitation from the steaming process of potable water. Heat and Mass Transfer, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03384-6

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jun 14, 2023
Online Publication Date Jul 3, 2023
Publication Date Jul 3, 2023
Deposit Date Jul 4, 2023
Publicly Available Date Jul 6, 2023
Journal Heat and Mass Transfer/Waerme- und Stoffuebertragung
Print ISSN 0947-7411
Electronic ISSN 1432-1181
Publisher Springer
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-023-03384-6
Keywords Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes; Condensed Matter Physics
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4321593

Files

Published article (2.6 Mb)
PDF

Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Copyright Statement
© The Author(s) 2023.
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.




You might also like



Downloadable Citations