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The Stellar Mass-Black Hole Mass Relation at z ∼ 2 down to MBH ∼ 10⁷ M⊙ Determined by HETDEX

Zhang, Yechi; Ouchi, Masami; Gebhardt, Karl; Liu, Chenxu; Harikane, Yuichi; Cooper, Erin Mentuch; Davis, Dustin; Farrow, Daniel J.; Gawiser, Eric; Hill, Gary J.; Kollatschny, Wolfram; Ono, Yoshiaki; Schneider, Donald P.; Finkelstein, Steven L.; Gronwall, Caryl; Jogee, Shardha; Krumpe, Mirko

Authors

Yechi Zhang

Masami Ouchi

Karl Gebhardt

Chenxu Liu

Yuichi Harikane

Erin Mentuch Cooper

Dustin Davis

Eric Gawiser

Gary J. Hill

Wolfram Kollatschny

Yoshiaki Ono

Donald P. Schneider

Steven L. Finkelstein

Caryl Gronwall

Shardha Jogee

Mirko Krumpe



Abstract

We investigate the stellar mass-black hole mass ( M * - M BH ) relation with type 1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) down to M BH = 10 7 M ⊙ , corresponding to a ≃ −21 absolute magnitude in rest-frame ultraviolet, at z = 2-2.5. Exploiting the deep and large-area spectroscopic survey of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX), we identify 66 type 1 AGNs with M BH ranging from 107-1010 M ⊙ that are measured with single-epoch virial method using C iv emission lines detected in the HETDEX spectra. M * of the host galaxies are estimated from optical to near-infrared photometric data taken with Spitzer, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and ground-based 4-8 m class telescopes by CIGALE spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. We further assess the validity of SED fitting in two cases by host-nuclear decomposition performed through surface brightness profile fitting on spatially resolved host galaxies with the James Webb Space Telescope/NIRCam CEERS data. We obtain the M * - M BH relation covering the unexplored low-mass ranges of M BH ∼ 10 7 - 10 8 M ⊙ , and conduct forward modeling to fully account for the selection biases and observational uncertainties. The intrinsic M * - M BH relation at z ∼ 2 has a moderate positive offset of 0.52 ± 0.14 dex from the local relation, suggestive of more efficient black hole growth at higher redshift even in the low-mass regime of M BH ∼ 10 7 - 10 8 M ⊙ . Our M * - M BH relation is inconsistent with the M BH suppression at the low- M * regime predicted by recent hydrodynamic simulations at a 98% confidence level, suggesting that feedback in the low-mass systems may be weaker than those produced in hydrodynamic simulations.

Citation

Zhang, Y., Ouchi, M., Gebhardt, K., Liu, C., Harikane, Y., Cooper, E. M., Davis, D., Farrow, D. J., Gawiser, E., Hill, G. J., Kollatschny, W., Ono, Y., Schneider, D. P., Finkelstein, S. L., Gronwall, C., Jogee, S., & Krumpe, M. (2023). The Stellar Mass-Black Hole Mass Relation at z ∼ 2 down to MBH ∼ 10⁷ M⊙ Determined by HETDEX. The Astrophysical journal, 948(2), Article 103. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc2c2

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Mar 4, 2023
Online Publication Date May 11, 2023
Publication Date May 10, 2023
Deposit Date Apr 17, 2024
Publicly Available Date Apr 23, 2024
Journal Astrophysical Journal
Print ISSN 0004-637X
Electronic ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher American Astronomical Society
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 948
Issue 2
Article Number 103
DOI https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc2c2
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4626455

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Copyright Statement
©2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.
Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.




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