Effect of PTFE loading of gas diffusion layers on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells running at high-efficiency operating conditions

Ismail, M. S.; Hughes, K. J.; Ingham, D. B.; Ma, L.; Pourkashanian, M.

doi:10.1002/er.2968

Comparative Study of the Effect of Fuel Deoxygenation and Polar Species Removal on Jet Fuel Surface Deposition (2019)
Journal Article
Alborzi, E., Gadsby, P., Ismail, M. S., Sheikhansari, A., Dwyer, M. R., Meijer, A. J., …Pourkashanian, M. (2019). Comparative Study of the Effect of Fuel Deoxygenation and Polar Species Removal on Jet Fuel Surface Deposition. Energy and Fuels, 33(3), 1825-1836. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b03468

The effect of near-complete deoxygenation and polar species removal on the deposition propensity of a Jet A-1 fuel type with marginal thermal oxidative stability was studied in a laboratory-scale approach. The fuel deoxygenation was carried out via n... Read More about Comparative Study of the Effect of Fuel Deoxygenation and Polar Species Removal on Jet Fuel Surface Deposition.

Influence of catalyst structure on PEM fuel cell performance – A numerical investigation (2019)
Journal Article
Carcadea, E., Varlam, M., Marinoiu, A., Raceanu, M., Ismail, M. S., & Ingham, D. B. (2019). Influence of catalyst structure on PEM fuel cell performance – A numerical investigation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 44(25), 12829-12841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.12.155

The effect of the catalyst microstructure on a 5 cm2 PEM fuel cell performance is numerically investigated. The catalyst layer composition and properties (i.e. ionomer volume fraction, platinum loading, particle radius, electrochemical active area an... Read More about Influence of catalyst structure on PEM fuel cell performance – A numerical investigation.

Dynamics of liquid water in the anode flow channels of PEM fuel cells: A numerical parametric study (2018)
Journal Article
Chen, Z. X., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Ma, L., Hughes, K. J., & Pourkashanian, M. (2019). Dynamics of liquid water in the anode flow channels of PEM fuel cells: A numerical parametric study. Journal of the Energy Institute, 92(6), 1956-1967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2018.10.016

A 3D volume of fluid (VOF) model for an anode channel in a PEM fuel cell has been built. The effects of the initial position of the water droplet, its size as well as the wettability of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) are investigated under different o... Read More about Dynamics of liquid water in the anode flow channels of PEM fuel cells: A numerical parametric study.

The effects of cathode flow channel size and operating conditions on PEM fuel performance: A CFD modelling study and experimental demonstration (2018)
Journal Article
Carcadea, E., Varlam, M., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Patularu, L., Marinoiu, A., & Schitea, D. (2018). The effects of cathode flow channel size and operating conditions on PEM fuel performance: A CFD modelling study and experimental demonstration. International journal of energy research, 42(8), 2789-2804. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.4068

A comprehensive 3D, multiphase, and nonisothermal model for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell has been developed in this study. The model has been used to investigate the effects of the size of the parallel-type cathode flow channel on the fuel ce... Read More about The effects of cathode flow channel size and operating conditions on PEM fuel performance: A CFD modelling study and experimental demonstration.

Simultaneous thermal and visual imaging of liquid water of the PEM fuel cell flow channels (2018)
Journal Article
Aslam, R. M., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2019). Simultaneous thermal and visual imaging of liquid water of the PEM fuel cell flow channels. Journal of the Energy Institute, 92(2), 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2018.01.005

Water flooding and membrane dry-out are two major issues that could be very detrimental to the performance and/or durability of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The above two phenomena are well-related to the distributions of and the in... Read More about Simultaneous thermal and visual imaging of liquid water of the PEM fuel cell flow channels.

On the gas permeability of the microporous layer used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (2017)
Journal Article
Orogbemi, O. M., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2018). On the gas permeability of the microporous layer used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Journal of the Energy Institute, 91(6), 894-901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2017.09.006

In an attempt to obtain accurate values of the gas permeability of the microporous layer (MPL), substrates with negligible MPL penetration and of known gas permeability, i.e. membrane filters, have been employed. The values of the MPL permeability ob... Read More about On the gas permeability of the microporous layer used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Simultaneous direct visualisation of liquid water in the cathode and anode serpentine flow channels of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells (2017)
Journal Article
Aslam, R. M., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2018). Simultaneous direct visualisation of liquid water in the cathode and anode serpentine flow channels of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Journal of the Energy Institute, 91(6), 1057-1070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2017.07.003

Water flooding is detrimental to the performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and therefore it has to be addressed. To better understand how liquid water affects the fuel cell performance, direct visualisation of liquid water in... Read More about Simultaneous direct visualisation of liquid water in the cathode and anode serpentine flow channels of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells.

Through-plane gas permeability of gas diffusion layers and microporous layer: Effects of carbon loading and sintering (2017)
Journal Article
Orogbemi, O. M., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2018). Through-plane gas permeability of gas diffusion layers and microporous layer: Effects of carbon loading and sintering. Journal of the Energy Institute, 91(2), 270-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joei.2016.11.008

Knowledge of the absolute permeability for the various porous layers is necessary to obtain accurate profiles for water saturation within the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in a two-phase model of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).... Read More about Through-plane gas permeability of gas diffusion layers and microporous layer: Effects of carbon loading and sintering.

Effects of catalyst agglomerate shape in polymer electrolyte fuel cells investigated by a multi-scale modelling framework (2017)
Journal Article
Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., Hughes, K. J., & Pourkashanian, M. (2017). Effects of catalyst agglomerate shape in polymer electrolyte fuel cells investigated by a multi-scale modelling framework. Energy, 122, 420-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.01.092

A multi-scale modelling framework is developed for the PEFC cathode electrode. Unlike the conventional agglomerate model, the effects of the microstructure of the agglomerate are numerically coupled to the fuel cell-scale model in this framework. Thi... Read More about Effects of catalyst agglomerate shape in polymer electrolyte fuel cells investigated by a multi-scale modelling framework.

The effects of the composition of microporous layers on the permeability of gas diffusion layers used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (2016)
Journal Article
Orogbemi, O. M., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2016). The effects of the composition of microporous layers on the permeability of gas diffusion layers used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(46), 21345-21351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.160

The effects of the composition of the microporous layer (MPL) on the through-plane permeability of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have been thoroughly experimentally investigated in this paper. For a gi... Read More about The effects of the composition of microporous layers on the permeability of gas diffusion layers used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

The effects of shape on the performance of cathode catalyst agglomerates in polymer electrolyte fuel cells A micro-scale FEM study (2016)
Journal Article
Ismail, M., Ingham, D., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2016). The effects of shape on the performance of cathode catalyst agglomerates in polymer electrolyte fuel cells A micro-scale FEM study. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow, 26(3-4), 1145-1156. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-10-2015-0416

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the effects of the shape on the performance of the cathode catalyst agglomerate used in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The shapes investigated are slabs, cylinders and spheres... Read More about The effects of shape on the performance of cathode catalyst agglomerates in polymer electrolyte fuel cells A micro-scale FEM study.

Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon foam electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acid solution (2016)
Journal Article
Liu, J., Yu, S., Daio, T., Ismail, M. S., Sasaki, K., & Lyth, S. M. (2016). Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon foam electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acid solution. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 163(9), F1049-F1054. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0631609jes

Metal-free, nitrogen-doped carbon foam is utilized as a model non-precious electrocatalyst system to investigate the role of nitrogen in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the absence of iron contamination. This graphene-like foam displays relati... Read More about Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon foam electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in acid solution.

Effective diffusivity of polymer electrolyte fuel cell gas diffusion layers: An overview and numerical study (2015)
Journal Article
Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2015). Effective diffusivity of polymer electrolyte fuel cell gas diffusion layers: An overview and numerical study. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 40(34), 10994-11010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.06.073

Published experimental and theoretical investigations conducted to estimate the effective diffusivity of the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and other porous layers in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) have been reviewed. The main observations are t... Read More about Effective diffusivity of polymer electrolyte fuel cell gas diffusion layers: An overview and numerical study.

An efficient mathematical model for air-breathing PEM fuel cells (2014)
Journal Article
Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2014). An efficient mathematical model for air-breathing PEM fuel cells. Applied energy, 135, 490-503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.113

A simple and efficient mathematical model for air-breathing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells has been built. One of the major objectives of this study is to investigate the effects of the Joule and entropic heat sources, which are often negl... Read More about An efficient mathematical model for air-breathing PEM fuel cells.

The through-plane thermal conductivity and the contact resistance of the components of the membrane electrode assembly and gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2014)
Journal Article
Alhazmi, N., Ingham, D. B., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2014). The through-plane thermal conductivity and the contact resistance of the components of the membrane electrode assembly and gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of power sources, 270, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.082

The thermal conductivity of the components of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and GDL must be accurately estimated in order to better understand the heat transfer processes in the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. In this study, an exp... Read More about The through-plane thermal conductivity and the contact resistance of the components of the membrane electrode assembly and gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The fuel cell model of abiogenesis: A new approach to origin-of-life simulations (2014)
Journal Article
Barge, L. M., Kee, T. P., Doloboff, I. J., Hampton, J. M., Ismail, M., Pourkashanian, M., …Kanik, I. (2014). The fuel cell model of abiogenesis: A new approach to origin-of-life simulations. Astrobiology, 14(3), 254-270. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2014.1140

In this paper, we discuss how prebiotic geo-electrochemical systems can be modeled as a fuel cell and how laboratory simulations of the origin of life in general can benefit from this systems-led approach. As a specific example, the components of wha... Read More about The fuel cell model of abiogenesis: A new approach to origin-of-life simulations.

Thermal modelling of the cathode in air-breathing PEM fuel cells (2013)
Journal Article
Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2013). Thermal modelling of the cathode in air-breathing PEM fuel cells. Applied energy, 111, 529-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.05.007

A thermal two-dimensional model has been built for an air-breathing proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell that has been reported in the literature. The objective of the study is to investigate the thermal situation over the cathode surface of the... Read More about Thermal modelling of the cathode in air-breathing PEM fuel cells.

The in-plane thermal conductivity and the contact resistance of the components of the membrane electrode assembly in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2013)
Journal Article
Alhazmi, N., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2013). The in-plane thermal conductivity and the contact resistance of the components of the membrane electrode assembly in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of power sources, 241, 136-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.100

Understanding the thermal properties of the materials which are used in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM) is essential for the thermal management of a PEM fuel cell and consequently for improving its performance. In this paper, the parallel... Read More about The in-plane thermal conductivity and the contact resistance of the components of the membrane electrode assembly in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The contact resistance between gas diffusion layers and bipolar plates as they are assembled in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2012)
Journal Article
Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2013). The contact resistance between gas diffusion layers and bipolar plates as they are assembled in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Renewable energy, 52, 40-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.10.025

The contact resistance between the gas diffusion layer (GDL) and the bipolar plate has been experimentally estimated as they are assembled in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A number of coated and non-coated GDLs, graphite bipolar plates a... Read More about The contact resistance between gas diffusion layers and bipolar plates as they are assembled in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

Effect of PTFE loading of gas diffusion layers on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells running at high-efficiency operating conditions (2012)
Journal Article
Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2013). Effect of PTFE loading of gas diffusion layers on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells running at high-efficiency operating conditions. International journal of energy research, 37(13), 1592-1599. https://doi.org/10.1002/er.2968

In this paper, the effects of microporous layer (MPL) addition and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) loading of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) on the overall performance of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell have been investigated. The focus was on fue... Read More about Effect of PTFE loading of gas diffusion layers on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells running at high-efficiency operating conditions.

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