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Gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, phase 2b trial

Smith, Jaclyn A.; Kitt, Michael M.; Morice, Alyn; Birring, Surinder S.; McGarvey, Lorcan P.; Sher, Mandel R.; Li, Yu Ping; Wu, Wen Chi; Xu, Zhi Jin; Muccino, David R.; Ford, Anthony P.; Hull, James; Carr, Warner W.; Goldsobel, Alan B.; Gross, Gary N.; Holcomb, John R.; Hussain, Iftikhar; Spangenthal, Selwyn; Storms, William; Elkayam, David; Steven, Gary C.; Krainson, James; Fakih, Faisal Alfonso; Matz, Jonathan; Brooks, Gregory Daniel; Casale, Thomas; Berman, Gary D.; Condemi, John J.; Greos, Leon S.; Gogate, Shaila U.; Sher, Ellen R.; Friesen, Jason H.; Schenkel, Eric J.; Bernstein, David Isaac; Corren, Jonathan; Sundar, Krishna; Gotfried, Mark H.; Montanaro, Anthony; Lumry, William R.; Amar, Niran J.; Kaplan, Michael S.; Prenner, Bruce M.; Murphy, Thomas R.; Good, James S.; Parker, Sean; Harrison, Tim; Pavord, Ian; Brightling, Christopher; Djukanovic, Ratko; McQuaid, Douglas; Denenberg, Michael; Ettinger, Neil A.; Iyer, Vivek

Authors

Jaclyn A. Smith

Michael M. Kitt

Surinder S. Birring

Lorcan P. McGarvey

Mandel R. Sher

Yu Ping Li

Wen Chi Wu

Zhi Jin Xu

David R. Muccino

Anthony P. Ford

James Hull

Warner W. Carr

Alan B. Goldsobel

Gary N. Gross

John R. Holcomb

Iftikhar Hussain

Selwyn Spangenthal

William Storms

David Elkayam

Gary C. Steven

James Krainson

Faisal Alfonso Fakih

Jonathan Matz

Gregory Daniel Brooks

Thomas Casale

Gary D. Berman

John J. Condemi

Leon S. Greos

Shaila U. Gogate

Ellen R. Sher

Jason H. Friesen

Eric J. Schenkel

David Isaac Bernstein

Jonathan Corren

Krishna Sundar

Mark H. Gotfried

Anthony Montanaro

William R. Lumry

Niran J. Amar

Michael S. Kaplan

Bruce M. Prenner

Thomas R. Murphy

James S. Good

Sean Parker

Tim Harrison

Ian Pavord

Christopher Brightling

Ratko Djukanovic

Douglas McQuaid

Michael Denenberg

Neil A. Ettinger

Vivek Iyer



Abstract

Background: Gefapixant is a P2X3 receptor antagonist that has shown promise for the treatment of refractory and unexplained chronic cough. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of gefapixant compared with placebo after 12 weeks of treatment for refractory chronic cough or unexplained chronic cough. Methods: We did a 12-week, phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with refractory chronic cough or unexplained chronic cough aged 18–80 years who were recruited from 44 primarily outpatient pulmonologist or allergist sites in the UK and the USA. Eligible patients had refractory or unexplained chronic cough lasting 1 year or longer, no radiographic chest abnormality, and 40 mm or more on a 100-mm cough severity visual analogue scale at enrolment. Patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo or one of three doses (7·5 mg, 20 mg, or 50 mg) of oral gefapixant twice daily, every day, for 84 days; visits to investigative sites were on days 1, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84, and 85. The randomisation schedule was computer generated using a permuted block algorithm by Advance Research Associates (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Patients and all personnel involved in the conduct and interpretation of the study were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was placebo-adjusted change from baseline in awake cough frequency after 12 weeks, assessed in the full analysis set, which is a subset of the intention-to-treat population. Adverse events were monitored and safety was evaluated in all patients receiving one or more doses of study drug. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02612610. Findings: Between Dec 21, 2015, and July 26, 2016, 253 patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n=63), gefapixant 7·5 mg (n=64), gefapixant 20 mg (n=63), or gefapixant 50 mg (n=63) twice daily. The mean age of patients was 60·2 (SD 9·9) years and 193 (76%) were women. At 12 weeks, patients' geometric mean awake cough frequency was 18·2 coughs per h (geometric SD 3·1) with placebo, and 14·5 coughs per h (3·7) with 7·5 mg, 12·0 coughs per h (4·2) with 20 mg, and 11·3 coughs per h (2·8) with 50 mg gefapixant. Estimated percentage change relative to placebo was −22·0% (−41·8 to 4·6; p=0·097) with 7·5 mg, −22·2% (−42·0 to 4·3; p=0·093) with 20 mg, and −37·0% (95% CI −53·3 to −14·9; p=0·0027) with 50 mg gefapixant. Dysgeusia was the most common adverse event, occurring in three (5%) patients given placebo, six (10%) given 7·5 mg gefapixant, 21 (33%) given 20 mg gefapixant, and 30 (48%) given 50 mg gefapixant. Interpretation: Targeting purinergic receptor P2X3 with gefapixant at a dose of 50 mg twice daily significantly reduced cough frequency in patients with refractory chronic cough or unexplained chronic cough after 12 weeks of treatment compared with placebo. Further development of gefapixant is warranted for the treatment of chronic cough.

Citation

Smith, J. A., Kitt, M. M., Morice, A., Birring, S. S., McGarvey, L. P., Sher, M. R., …Iyer, V. (2020). Gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a randomised, double-blind, controlled, parallel-group, phase 2b trial. The lancet. Respiratory medicine, 8(8), 775-785. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600%2819%2930471-0

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Dec 10, 2019
Online Publication Date Feb 25, 2020
Publication Date Aug 1, 2020
Deposit Date Mar 3, 2020
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
Print ISSN 2213-2600
Electronic ISSN 2213-2619
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 8
Issue 8
Pages 775-785
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600%2819%2930471-0
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/3351486
Publisher URL https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(19)30471-0/fulltext
Related Public URLs https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213260019304710

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