Marc E. H. Jones
The biomechanical role of the chondrocranium and the material properties of cartilage
Jones, Marc E. H.; Gröning, Flora; Aspden, Richard M; Dutel, Hugo; Sharp, Alana; Moazen, Mehran; Fagan, Michael J; Evans, Susan E
Authors
Flora Gröning
Richard M Aspden
Hugo Dutel
Alana Sharp
Mehran Moazen
Michael J Fagan
Susan E Evans
Contributors
Michael Fagan
Project Leader
Abstract
The chondrocranium is the cartilage component of the vertebrate braincase. Among jawed vertebrates it varies greatly in structure, mineralisation, and in the extent to which it is replaced by bone during development. In mammals, birds, and some bony fish, most of the chondrocranium is replaced by bone whereas in lizards, amphibians, and chondrichthyan fish it may remain a significant part of the braincase complex in adulthood. To what extent this variation relates to differences in skull biomechanics is poorly understood. However, there have been examinations of chondrocranium histology, in vivo strain, and impact on rostrum growth following partial removal of the chondrocranium. These studies have led to suggestions that the chondrocranium may provide structural support or serve to dampen external loads. Advances in computing-power have also facilitated an increase in the number of three-dimensional computer-based models. These models can be analysed (in silico) to test specific biomechanical hypotheses under specified loading conditions. However, representing the material properties of cartilage is still problematic because these properties differ according to the speed and direction of loading. The relationship between stress and strain is also non-linear. Nevertheless, analyses to date suggest that the chondrocranium does not provide a vertical support in lizards but it may serve to absorb some loads in humans. We anticipate that future models will include ever more detailed representations of the loading, anatomy, and material properties, in tandem with rigorous forms of model validation. However, comparison among a wider range of vertebrate subjects should also be pursued, in particular larvae, juveniles, and very small adult animals.
Citation
Jones, M. E. H., Gröning, F., Aspden, R. M., Dutel, H., Sharp, A., Moazen, M., Fagan, M. J., & Evans, S. E. (2020). The biomechanical role of the chondrocranium and the material properties of cartilage. Vertebrate Zoology, 70(4), 699-715. https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ70-4-2020-10
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Oct 28, 2020 |
Online Publication Date | Nov 24, 2020 |
Publication Date | 2020 |
Deposit Date | Apr 1, 2022 |
Publicly Available Date | Apr 4, 2022 |
Journal | Vertebrate Zoology |
Print ISSN | 1864-5755 |
Electronic ISSN | 2625-8498 |
Publisher | Pensoft Publishers |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 70 |
Issue | 4 |
Pages | 699-715 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.26049/VZ70-4-2020-10 |
Keywords | Biomechanics; cartilage; chondrocranium; finite element analysis; Salvator meriannae; skull |
Public URL | https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/3667121 |
Publisher URL | https://vertebrate-zoology.arphahub.com/about |
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Copyright Statement
© Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2020.
The article and published supplementary material are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
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