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Contextual synthetic lethality of cancer cell kill based on the tumor microenvironment

Chan, Norman; Pires, Isabel M.; Bencokova, Zuzana; Coackley, Carla; Luoto, Kaisa R.; Bhogal, Nirmal; Lakshman, Minalini; Gottipati, Ponnari; Oliver, F. Javier; Helleday, Thomas; Hammond, Ester M.; Bristow, Robert G.

Authors

Norman Chan

Isabel M. Pires

Zuzana Bencokova

Carla Coackley

Kaisa R. Luoto

Nirmal Bhogal

Minalini Lakshman

Ponnari Gottipati

F. Javier Oliver

Thomas Helleday

Ester M. Hammond

Robert G. Bristow



Abstract

Acute and chronic hypoxia exists within the three-dimensional microenvironment of solid tumors and drives therapy resistance, genetic instability, and metastasis. Replicating cells exposed to either severe acute hypoxia (16 hours with 0.02% O 2 ) followed by reoxygenation or moderate chronic hypoxia (72 hours with 0.2% O 2 ) treatments have decreased homologous recombination (HR) protein expression and function. As HR defects are synthetically lethal with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition, we evaluated the sensitivity of repair-defective hypoxic cells to PARP inhibition. Although PARP inhibition itself did not affect HR expression or function, we observed increased clonogenic killing in HR-deficient hypoxic cells following chemical inhibition of PARP1. This effect was partially reversible by RAD51 overexpression. PARP1 -/- murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) showed a proliferative disadvantage under hypoxic gassing when compared with PARP1 +/+ MEFs. PARP-inhibited hypoxic cells accumulated γH2AX and 53BP1 foci as a consequence of altered DNA replication firing during S phase-specific cell killing. In support of this proposed mode of action, PARP inhibitor-treated xenografts displayed increased γH2AX and cleaved caspase-3 expression in RAD51-deficient hypoxic subregions in vivo, which was associated with decreased ex vivo clonogenic survival following experimental radiotherapy. This is the first report of selective cell killing of HR-defective hypoxic cells in vivo as a consequence of microenvironment-mediated "contextual synthetic lethality." As all solid tumors contain aggressive hypoxic cells, this may broaden the clinical utility of PARP and DNA repair inhibition, either alone or in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, even in tumor cells lacking synthetically lethal, genetic mutations. ©2010 AACR.

Citation

Chan, N., Pires, I. M., Bencokova, Z., Coackley, C., Luoto, K. R., Bhogal, N., Lakshman, M., Gottipati, P., Oliver, F. J., Helleday, T., Hammond, E. M., & Bristow, R. G. (2010). Contextual synthetic lethality of cancer cell kill based on the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Research, 70(20), 8045-8054. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2352

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Aug 12, 2010
Online Publication Date Oct 5, 2010
Publication Date Oct 15, 2010
Journal CANCER RESEARCH
Print ISSN 0008-5472
Publisher American Association for Cancer Research
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 70
Issue 20
Pages 8045-8054
DOI https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-2352
Keywords Cancer Research; Oncology
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/417509