The origin and development of the Sudanese private capitalist class : a socio-political analysis

Mahmoud, Fatima Babiker

Abstract

This thesis is concerned with the hitherto neglected subject of the role of the Sudanese capitalist class in development. It explores the origin, development and political role of this class, with particular emphasis on its wealthier members. The period covered is 1898-1975. The research is based on interviews with 100 Sudanese businessmen, selected for their prominence in the economic life of the country today. Published and unpublished documentary sources were used to analyse the setting and devise the criteria by which subjects were selected for interview.

The principal findings are as follows. A business class, engaged mainly in trade, existed before British colonialism. The colonial period enhanced its development through increased export-opportunities for traditional commodities and improved transport facilities. The British first encouraged immigrant businessmen and later implanted religious leaders as agricultural capitalists. Industrial investment was blocked so as to clear the market for British manufactures. After Independence, with the encouragement of the state and neo-colonial finance, an industrial capitalist class emerged, the industrialists coming mainly from the ranks of established businessmen.

The Sudanese business class is socially and culturally cohesive despite the diversity of its origins. Politics have been from the outset a more important determinant of business success than 'entrepreneurship'. Regional, tribal, and extended family ties are utilised to further capital accumulation, and the education of future generations of businessmen is carefully husbanded. Sudanese businessmen and their families enjoy a distinct and highly privileged lifestyle.

The Sudanese bourgeoisie was allied politically with colonialism even at the height of the anti-colonial struggle. In the post-colonial period, its political parties all opposed radical social change, made alliances with imperialism and supported repression. In view of their political affiliations, the businessmen studied cannot be considered members of a 'national bourgeoisie'.

Citation

Mahmoud, F. B. The origin and development of the Sudanese private capitalist class : a socio-political analysis. (Thesis). University of Hull. https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4223237

• Thesis Type: Thesis
• Deposit Date: Jul 7, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 23, 2023
• Keywords: Sociology
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4223237
• Additional Information: Department of Sociology, The University of Hull
• Award Date: Nov 1, 1978