Time-Lapse Seafloor Surveys Reveal How Turbidity Currents and Internal Tides in Monterey Canyon Interact With the Seabed at Centimeter-Scale

Wolfson-Schwehr, M.; Paull, C. K.; Caress, D. W.; Gwiazda, R.; Nieminski, N. M.; Talling, P. J.; Carvajal, C.; Simmons, S.; Troni, G.

Abstract

Here we show how ultra-high resolution seabed mapping using new technology can help to understand processes that sculpt submarine canyons. Time-lapse seafloor surveys were conducted in the axis of Monterey Canyon, ∼50km from the canyon head (∼1,840m water depth) over an 18-month period. These surveys comprised 5-cm resolution multibeam bathymetry, 1-cm resolution lidar bathymetry, and 2-mm resolution stereophotographic imagery. Bathymetry data reveal centimeter-scale textures that would be undetectable by more traditional survey methods. Upward-looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers at the site recorded the flow character of internal tides and the passage of three turbidity currents, while sediment cores collected from the site record flow deposits. Combined with flow and core data, the bathymetry shows how turbidity currents and internal tides modify the seabed. The turbidity currents drape sediment across the site, infilling bedform troughs and smoothing erosional features carved by the internal tides (e.g., rippled scours). Turbidity currents with speeds of 0.9–3.3m/s failed to cause notable bedform movement, which is surprising given that flows with similar speeds produced rapid bedform migration elsewhere, including the upper Monterey Canyon. The lack of migration may be related to the character of the underlying substrate or indicate that turbidity currents at the site lack dense, near-bed layers. The scale of scours produced by the internal tides (≤0.7m/s) approaches the scale of features recorded in the ancient rock record. Thus, these results illustrate how the scale gap between seabed mapping technology and the rock record may eventually be bridged.

Citation

Wolfson-Schwehr, M., Paull, C. K., Caress, D. W., Gwiazda, R., Nieminski, N. M., Talling, P. J., Carvajal, C., Simmons, S., & Troni, G. (2023). Time-Lapse Seafloor Surveys Reveal How Turbidity Currents and Internal Tides in Monterey Canyon Interact With the Seabed at Centimeter-Scale. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 128(4), Article e2022JF006705. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006705

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 28, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Apr 6, 2023
• Publication Date: 2023-04
• Deposit Date: Apr 12, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 25, 2023
• Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface
• Print ISSN: 2169-9011
• Publisher: American Geophysical Union
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 128
• Issue: 4
• Article Number: e2022JF006705
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JF006705
• Keywords: Turbidity currents; Internal tides; Submarine canyon processes; ROV-based seafloor mapping/sampling; Multibeam bathymetry; Lidar bathymetry
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4260460