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A toy model for gas sloshing in galaxy clusters

Roediger, E.; Vaezzadeh, I.; Nulsen, P.

Authors

Profile image of Elke Roediger

Dr Elke Roediger E.Roediger@hull.ac.uk
Reader in Astrophysics, Director of the E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics

I. Vaezzadeh

P. Nulsen



Abstract

We apply a toy model based on ‘pendulum waves’ to gas sloshing in galaxy clusters. Starting with a galaxy cluster potential filled with a hydrostatic intracluster medium (ICM), we perturb all ICM by an initial small, unidirectional velocity, i.e. an instantaneous kick. Consequently, each parcel of ICM will oscillate due to buoyancy with its local Brunt–Väisälä (BV) period, which we show to be approximately proportional to the cluster radius. The oscillation of gas parcels at different radii with different periods leads to a characteristic, outward-moving coherent pattern of local compressions and rarefactions; the former form the sloshing cold fronts (SCFs). Our model predicts that SCFs (i) appear in the cluster centre first, (ii) move outwards on several Gyr timescales, (iii) form a staggered pattern on opposite sides of a given cluster, (iv) each move outwards with approximately constant speed; and that (v) inner SCFs form discontinuities more easily than outer ones. These features are well known from idealized (magneto)hydrodynamic simulations of cluster sloshing. We perform comparison hydrodynamic + N-body simulations where sloshing is triggered either by an instantaneous kick or a minor merger. Sloshing in these simulations qualitatively behaves as predicted by the toy model. However, the toy model somewhat overpredicts the speed of sloshing fronts, and does not predict that inner SCFs emerge with a delay compared to outer ones. In light of this, we identify the outermost cold front, which may be a ‘failed’ SCF, as the best tracer of the age of the merger that set a cluster sloshing.

Citation

Roediger, E., Vaezzadeh, I., & Nulsen, P. (2024). A toy model for gas sloshing in galaxy clusters. Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 529(1), 563-574. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae493

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Feb 12, 2024
Online Publication Date Feb 28, 2024
Publication Date Mar 1, 2024
Deposit Date Apr 16, 2024
Publicly Available Date Apr 22, 2024
Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Print ISSN 0035-8711
Electronic ISSN 1365-2966
Publisher Oxford University Press
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 529
Issue 1
Pages 563-574
DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae493
Keywords Hydrodynamics; Galaxies: clusters: general; Galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4591112

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Publisher Licence URL
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

Copyright Statement
© 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.




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