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Re-evaluating Water Column Reoxygenation during the End Permian Mass Extinction

Yang, F.; Li, S.; An, K. Y.; Bond, D. P.G.; Ao, R.; Wu, X. B.; Ma, L. L.; Sun, Y. D.

Authors

F. Yang

S. Li

K. Y. An

Profile image of David Bond

David Bond D.Bond@hull.ac.uk
Palaeoenvironmental Scientist and Schools Liason Officer

R. Ao

X. B. Wu

L. L. Ma

Y. D. Sun



Abstract

Ocean anoxia is considered a key driver of the end-Permian mass extinction (EPME). However, it is much debated whether there was an ocean reoxygenation phase during, and in the aftermath, of the EPME. Evidence for ocean reoxygenation is often inferred from the absence of framboidal pyrite in some boundary marine sediments (termed the “framboid gap”). To reconstruct ocean redox evolution across the EPME, we investigated the carbon isotopic, sedimentological, and redox records of the Ruichang and Ehtan sections in South China. These documents two negative δ13Ccarb excursions and the development of anoxia associated with deepening leading up to the Permian-Triassic boundary. Above the level at which most siliceous organisms became extinct, pyrite framboid and iron proxies indicate that water column redox conditions were predominantly oxygenated but sporadically anoxic/ferruginous [non-sulfidic, free Fe(II) in the water] at Ruichang, while ferruginous conditions were more widely developed at Ehtan. These contrasting redox states are characteristic of a dynamic ocean redox landscape in the extinction interval. The “framboid gap” is seen in strata deposited under both oxic and ferruginous conditions, suggesting that the availability of decomposable organic matter for sulfate reduction additionally controlled framboid genesis. Our data confirm that oxygenated conditions were developed in some deep water basins during the EPME.

Citation

Yang, F., Li, S., An, K. Y., Bond, D. P., Ao, R., Wu, X. B., Ma, L. L., & Sun, Y. D. (2024). Re-evaluating Water Column Reoxygenation during the End Permian Mass Extinction. Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems G³, 25(10), Article e2024GC011779. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011779

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Sep 26, 2024
Online Publication Date Oct 7, 2024
Publication Date Oct 1, 2024
Deposit Date Sep 26, 2024
Publicly Available Date Oct 8, 2024
Journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Electronic ISSN 1525-2027
Publisher American Geophysical Union
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 25
Issue 10
Article Number e2024GC011779
DOI https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011779
Keywords Ocean anoxia; Late Permian; Early Triassic
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4835708

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Copyright Statement
© 2024 The Author(s). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.





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