Prognostic value of the VE/VCO2 slope calculated from different time intervals in patients with suspected heart failure

Ingle, Lee; Goode, Kevin; Carroll, Sean; Sloan, Rebecca; Boyes, Carrie; Cleland, John G.F.; Clark, Andrew L.

Abstract

Background: Maximal exercises testing, whether involving cycling- or walking-based protocols, are often not well tolerated in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The peak oxygen consumption and the slope of the relation between ventilation (V E ) and carbon dioxide production (V CO2 ) are independent predictors of outcome and help risk stratification. The prognostic usefulness of submaximal exercise testing is not clear. The aim of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the V E /V CO2 slope when derived from data acquired from submaximal exercise. Methods: 394 patients referred with breathlessness and suspected heart failure (74% male) (mean ± S.D.) age 60 ± 12 years; BMI 27 ± 5 performed a CPET to determine peak V O2 and the V E /V CO2 slope. The V E /V CO2 slope was calculated using least squares regression from data acquired from the first 25% of exercise (mean V E /V CO2 slope ± SD; 30.6 ± 5.7), 50% (29.6 ± 6.9), below the ventilatory compensation point (sub-VCP) (29.9 ± 6.8), and all data points (full slope) (32.1 ± 7.8). For each measure, patients were divided into quartiles and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to determine probability of death after 24 months. The prognostic value of the different classifications was assessed using the χ 2 statistic from the Mantel-Cox log-rank test. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 41 ± 19 months, 48 patients died. For the V E /V CO2 slope, the log-rank statistic was greatest for the full slope (χ 2 = 53.7; P = 0.0001), followed by the sub-VCP (χ 2 = 45.5; P = 0.0001), 50% (χ 2 = 41.9; P = 0.0001), and 25% (χ 2 = 26.0; P = 0.01). The pair-wise log-rank statistic between the fourth and third quartiles was also greatest using the full slope (χ 2 = 25.4; P = 0.001) followed in order by the sub-VCP (χ 2 = 20.1; P = 0.001), 50% (χ 2 = 19.7; P = 0.001), and 25% (χ 2 = 14.2; P = 0.05). Using the stratified slope measurements entered into a Cox regression analysis using a forward LR stepwise elimination procedure; only the full slope remained significant (P = 0.0001). Conclusions: The V E /V CO2 slope should be calculated from all data points to optimise prognostic sensitivity. Data acquired from the first 50% of exercise and below the VCP provide adequate prognostic surrogates in patients who may not be able to perform maximal exercise testing (i.e. in patients with a respiratory exchange ratio < 1.10). © 2006 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Citation

Ingle, L., Goode, K., Carroll, S., Sloan, R., Boyes, C., Cleland, J. G., & Clark, A. L. (2007). Prognostic value of the VE/VCO2 slope calculated from different time intervals in patients with suspected heart failure. International journal of cardiology, 118(3), 350-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.105

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 11, 2006
• Online Publication Date: Oct 25, 2006
• Publication Date: Jun 12, 2007
• Deposit Date: May 7, 2019
• Journal: International Journal of Cardiology
• Print ISSN: 0167-5273
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 118
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 350-355
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.105
• Keywords: VE/VCO2 slope; Prognosis; Cardiopulmonary exercise testing; Suspected heart failure
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/527331
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016752730600862X?via%3Dihub