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All Outputs (569)

Discrimination of structure: II. Feature binding. (2003)
Journal Article
Pearce, J. M., & George, D. N. (2003). Discrimination of structure: II. Feature binding. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29(2), 107-117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.29.2.107

In 3 experiments, pigeons acquired a discrimination between patterns comprising the same features. Thus vertical green bars beside horizontal red bars might have signaled food, and horizontal green bars beside vertical red bars might have signaled no... Read More about Discrimination of structure: II. Feature binding..

Virtual search asymmetry in pigeons. (2003)
Journal Article
Pearce, J. M., & George, D. N. (2003). Virtual search asymmetry in pigeons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 29(2), 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.29.2.118

Pigeons received an odd-item search task that involved an array of 12 patterns containing 11 similar distractors and a single target. Pecks to the target resulted in the delivery of food. Accuracy was greater on trials when a distinctive feature was... Read More about Virtual search asymmetry in pigeons..

Why the pervasive addiction myth is still believed (2002)
Journal Article
Hammersley, R., & Reid, M. (2002). Why the pervasive addiction myth is still believed. Addiction research & theory, 10(1), 7-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066350290001687

This paper characterises the myth of addiction and considers social mechanisms that may sustain this discourse about substance use problems in the face of counter-evidence. The myth is that substance use is typified by addiction, which is a dramatic,... Read More about Why the pervasive addiction myth is still believed.

The effects of using stimuli from three different dimensions on autoshaping with a complex negative patterning discrimination (2002)
Journal Article
Pearce, J. M., & George, D. N. (2002). The effects of using stimuli from three different dimensions on autoshaping with a complex negative patterning discrimination. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B. Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55(4b), 349-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724990244000061

In two experiments pigeons received a complex negative patterning discrimination, using autoshaping, in which food was made available after three stimuli if they were presented alone (A, B, C), or in pairs (AB, AC, BC), but not when they were all pre... Read More about The effects of using stimuli from three different dimensions on autoshaping with a complex negative patterning discrimination.

Acquisition of superexcitatory properties by an irrelevant background stimulus (2002)
Journal Article
Williams, D. A., Mehta, R., Poworoznyk, T. M., Orihel, J. S., George, D. N., & Pearce, J. M. (2002). Acquisition of superexcitatory properties by an irrelevant background stimulus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28(3), 284-297. https://doi.org/10.1037//0097-7403.28.3.284

Six appetitive conditioning experiments with rats demonstrated that an irrelevant X accompanying a negative patterning discrimination (XA+, XB+, XAB-) acquires extraordinarily high levels of conditioned excitation. Responding to X was similar to that... Read More about Acquisition of superexcitatory properties by an irrelevant background stimulus.

Summation in autoshaping is affected by the similarity of the visual stimuli to the stimulation they replace. (2002)
Journal Article
Pearce, J. M., Redhead, E. S., & George, D. N. (2002). Summation in autoshaping is affected by the similarity of the visual stimuli to the stimulation they replace. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28(2), 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.28.2.175

Pigeons received autoshaping with 2 stimuli, A and B, presented in adjacent regions on a television screen. Conditioning with each stimulus was therefore accompanied by stimulation that was displaced from the screen whenever the other stimulus was pr... Read More about Summation in autoshaping is affected by the similarity of the visual stimuli to the stimulation they replace..

Coding of visible and hidden actions (2002)
Book Chapter
Jellema, T., & Perrett, D. (2002). Coding of visible and hidden actions. In W. Prinz, & B. Hommel (Eds.), Common Mechanisms in Perception and Action (356-380). Oxford University Press

We review the properties of cells in the temporal cortex of the macaque monkey, which are sensitive to visual cues arising from the face and body and their movements. We speculate that the responses of populations of cells in the cortex of the anteri... Read More about Coding of visible and hidden actions.

Summation: further assessment of a configural theory (2002)
Journal Article
Pearce, J. M., George, D. N., & Aydin, A. (2002). Summation: further assessment of a configural theory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B. Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55(1b), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724990143000171

Rats received Pavlovian conditioning in which food was signalled by a visual stimulus, A+, an auditory stimulus, B+, and a compound composed of different visual and auditory stimuli, CD+. Test trials were then given with the compound AB. Experiments... Read More about Summation: further assessment of a configural theory.

Cannabis use and social identity (2001)
Journal Article
Hammersley, R., Jenkins, R., & Reid, M. (2001). Cannabis use and social identity. Addiction research & theory, 9(2), 133-150. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066350109141745

Cannabis use has become common, but we still understand little about how and why people use cannabis. This paper theorises the relationship between cannabis use and social identity, suggesting that cannabis use is an important aspect of many people's... Read More about Cannabis use and social identity.

Discrimination of structure: I. Implications for connectionist theories of discrimination learning. (2001)
Journal Article
George, D. N., Ward-Robinson, J., & Pearce, J. M. (2001). Discrimination of structure: I. Implications for connectionist theories of discrimination learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 27(3), 206-218. https://doi.org/10.1037/0097-7403.27.3.206

In each of 4 experiments animals were given a structural discrimination task that involved visual patterns composed of identical features, but the spatial relations among the features were different for reinforced and nonreinforced trials. In Experim... Read More about Discrimination of structure: I. Implications for connectionist theories of discrimination learning..

Motion processing in autism: evidence for a dorsal stream deficiency (2000)
Journal Article
Spencer, J., O'Brien, J., Riggs, K., Braddick, O., Atkinson, J., & Wattam-Bell, J. (2000). Motion processing in autism: evidence for a dorsal stream deficiency. NeuroReport, 11(12), 2765-2767. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200008210-00031

We report that motion coherence thresholds in children with autism are significantly higher than in matched controls. No corresponding difference in form coherence thresholds was found. We interpret this as a specific deficit in dorsal stream functio... Read More about Motion processing in autism: evidence for a dorsal stream deficiency.

The effects of sucrose and maize oil on subsequent food intake and mood (1999)
Journal Article
Reid, M., & Hammersley, R. (1999). The effects of sucrose and maize oil on subsequent food intake and mood. British Journal of Nutrition, 82(6), 447-455. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599001701

The effects of sucrose and oil preloads were explicitly compared in a single-blind controlled trial using a between-subjects design. Eighty adult subjects (forty-three male, thirty-seven female) aged 18-50 years received at 11.00 hours one of four yo... Read More about The effects of sucrose and maize oil on subsequent food intake and mood.

The effects of carbohydrates on arousal (1999)
Journal Article
Reid, M., & Hammersley, R. (1999). The effects of carbohydrates on arousal. Nutrition research reviews, 12(1), 3-23

Carbohydrate ingestion may reduce arousal, although some studies have failed to find this effect. Arousal has generally been measured by mood scales. Reductions in rated arousal have sometimes been interpreted as indicating direct effects of serotoni... Read More about The effects of carbohydrates on arousal.

Adaptive modelling and mindreading (1999)
Journal Article
Peterson, D. M., & Riggs, K. J. (1999). Adaptive modelling and mindreading. Mind & language, 14(1), 80-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0017.00104

This paper sets out to give sufficient detail to the notion of mental simulation to allow an appraisal of its contribution to 'mindreading' in the context of the 'false-belief tasks' used in developmental psychology. We first describe the reasoning s... Read More about Adaptive modelling and mindreading.

The effects of sugar on subsequent eating and mood in obese and non-obese women (1998)
Journal Article
Reid, M., & Hammersley, R. (1998). The effects of sugar on subsequent eating and mood in obese and non-obese women. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 3(3), 299-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548509808400604

The effects of a sucrose drink (160 kcals/40 g cane sugar) on subsequent eating and mood state (Profile of Mood State) were examined in 45 obese and 45 non-obese women in a between-subjects, blind-design, using saccharin and water as two alternative... Read More about The effects of sugar on subsequent eating and mood in obese and non-obese women.

The effects of blind substitution of aspartame-sweetened for sugar-sweetened soft drinks on appetite and mood (1998)
Journal Article
Reid, M., & Hammersley, R. (1998). The effects of blind substitution of aspartame-sweetened for sugar-sweetened soft drinks on appetite and mood. British food journal, 100(5), 254-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/00070709810221508

It has been suggested that habitual consumers of sugar experience “cravings” when deprived. Subjects (n = 27) who habitually consumed sugar-sweetened drinks were placed on a seven-day regime receiving either sugar-sweetened drinks, or aspartame-sweet... Read More about The effects of blind substitution of aspartame-sweetened for sugar-sweetened soft drinks on appetite and mood.

Are errors in false belief tasks symptomatic of a broader difficulty with counterfactuality? (1998)
Journal Article
Riggs, K. J., Peterson, D. M., Robinson, E. J., & Mitchell, P. (1998). Are errors in false belief tasks symptomatic of a broader difficulty with counterfactuality?. Cognitive Development, 13(1), 73-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014%2898%2990021-1

When children acknowledge false belief they are handling a counterfactual situation. In three experiments 3-and 4-year-old children were given false belief tasks and physical state tasks which required similar handling of counterfactual situations bu... Read More about Are errors in false belief tasks symptomatic of a broader difficulty with counterfactuality?.

Are simple carbohydrates physiologically addictive? (1997)
Journal Article
Hammersley, R., & Reid, M. (1997). Are simple carbohydrates physiologically addictive?. Addiction research & theory, 5(2), 145-160. https://doi.org/10.3109/16066359709005256

Sugar and other carbohydrates are among the things to which it is claimed people can become addicted. A plausible physiological mechanism has been put forward to explain 'carbohydrate addiction' and this meshes with the folk psychology of dieting. Re... Read More about Are simple carbohydrates physiologically addictive?.