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High-intensity interval training in patients with intermittent claudication (2023)
Journal Article
Pymer, S., Harwood, A. E., Prosser, J., Waddell, A., Rhavindhran, B., McGregor, G., …Chetter, I. C. (2023). High-intensity interval training in patients with intermittent claudication. Journal of vascular surgery, 78(4), 1048-1056.e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2023.05.045

Objective: Provision, uptake, adherence, and completion rates for supervised exercise programs (SEP) for intermittent claudication (IC) are low. A shorter, more time-efficient, 6-week, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program may be an effecti... Read More about High-intensity interval training in patients with intermittent claudication.

Serum transthyretin and aminotransferases are associated with lean mass in people with coronary heart disease: Further insights from the CARE-CR study (2023)
Journal Article
James, E., Goodall, S., Nichols, S., Walker, K., Carroll, S., O’Doherty, A. F., & Ingle, L. (2023). Serum transthyretin and aminotransferases are associated with lean mass in people with coronary heart disease: Further insights from the CARE-CR study. Frontiers in Medicine, 10, Article 1094733. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1094733

Background: Low muscle mass disproportionately affects people with coronary heart disease compared to healthy controls but is under-researched and insufficiently treated. Inflammation, poor nutrition, and neural decline might contribute to low muscle... Read More about Serum transthyretin and aminotransferases are associated with lean mass in people with coronary heart disease: Further insights from the CARE-CR study.

Metabolic risk is associated with sociodemographic characteristics in adolescents from both rural and urban regions from southern Brazil (2022)
Journal Article
de Souza, S., Francisco de Castro Silveira, J., Marques, K. C., Gaya, A. R., Franke, S. I. R., Renner, J. D. P., …Reuter, C. P. (2022). Metabolic risk is associated with sociodemographic characteristics in adolescents from both rural and urban regions from southern Brazil. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1), Article 324. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03386-z

Background: The prevalence of several cardiovascular metabolic disorders are increasingly cause for concern in adolescents worldwide. Given the complex interrelations between metabolic risk (MR) and sociodemographic variables, the present study aims... Read More about Metabolic risk is associated with sociodemographic characteristics in adolescents from both rural and urban regions from southern Brazil.

The Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease - Prescribing Implications for Exercise-Based Cardiovascular Rehabilitation: A CARE CR study (2021)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Engin, B., Carroll, S., Buckley, J., & Ingle, L. (2021). The Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease - Prescribing Implications for Exercise-Based Cardiovascular Rehabilitation: A CARE CR study. Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 64(6), Article 101462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.101462

Background: Exercise prescription guidelines for patients undertaking cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) are based on heart rate training zones and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). In the UK, guidelines indicate that patients should exercise at a... Read More about The Rating of Perceived Exertion at the Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease - Prescribing Implications for Exercise-Based Cardiovascular Rehabilitation: A CARE CR study.

Ratings of perceived exertion at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold in people with coronary heart disease: A CARE CR study (2021)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Engin, B., Carroll, S., Buckley, J., & Ingle, L. (2021). Ratings of perceived exertion at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold in people with coronary heart disease: A CARE CR study. Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 64(6), Article 101462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.101462

Background: Exercise prescription guidelines for individuals undergoing cardiovascular rehabilitation (CR) are often based on heart rate training zones and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). United Kingdom guidelines indicate that patients should ex... Read More about Ratings of perceived exertion at the ventilatory anaerobic threshold in people with coronary heart disease: A CARE CR study.

Love is in the hair: arginine methylation of human hair proteins as novel cardiovascular biomarkers (2021)
Journal Article
Marsden, A. J., Riley, D. R., Birkett, S., Rodriguez-Barucg, Q., Guinn, B. A., Carroll, S., …Beltran-Alvarez, P. (in press). Love is in the hair: arginine methylation of human hair proteins as novel cardiovascular biomarkers. Amino acids, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-021-03024-5

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of death worldwide. Extensive cardiovascular biomarkers are available using blood tests but very few, if any, investigations have described non-invasive tests for cardiovascular biomarkers based on readily av... Read More about Love is in the hair: arginine methylation of human hair proteins as novel cardiovascular biomarkers.

The effects of exercise to promote quality of life in individuals with traumatic brain injuries: a systematic review (2020)
Journal Article
O'Caroll, G., King, S. L., Carroll, S., Perry, J., & Vanicek, N. (in press). The effects of exercise to promote quality of life in individuals with traumatic brain injuries: a systematic review. Brain Injury, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2020.1812117

© 2020 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Objective: To systematically review the effects of exercise interventions that may enhance quality of life (QOL) in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: A systematic search was conducted using... Read More about The effects of exercise to promote quality of life in individuals with traumatic brain injuries: a systematic review.

Considering the feasibility, tolerability and safety of high intensity interval training as a novel treatment for patients with intermittent claudication (2020)
Journal Article
Pymer, S., Ibeggazene, S., Palmer, J., Smith, G. E., Carroll, S., Ingle, L., …Chetter, I. C. (2021). Considering the feasibility, tolerability and safety of high intensity interval training as a novel treatment for patients with intermittent claudication. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention, 41(3), 188-193. https://doi.org/10.1097/HCR.0000000000000551

Considering the Feasibility, Tolerability and Safety of High-Intensity Interval Training as a Novel Treatment for Patients with Intermittent Claudication. Structured Abstract Purpose: This study assessed the feasibility, tolerability, safety and... Read More about Considering the feasibility, tolerability and safety of high intensity interval training as a novel treatment for patients with intermittent claudication.

Characterising the application of the “progressive overload” principle of exercise training within cardiac rehabilitation: a United Kingdom-based community programme (2020)
Journal Article
Khushhal, A., Nichols, S., Carroll, S., Abt, G., & Ingle, L. (in press). Characterising the application of the “progressive overload” principle of exercise training within cardiac rehabilitation: a United Kingdom-based community programme. PLoS ONE, 15(8), Article e0237197. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237197

BACKGROUND: Recent concerns have cast doubt over the effectiveness of cardiac rehabilitation [CR] programmes for improving cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF] in patients with a history of cardiac disease in the United Kingdom [UK]. We aimed to character... Read More about Characterising the application of the “progressive overload” principle of exercise training within cardiac rehabilitation: a United Kingdom-based community programme.

high INtensity Interval Training In pATiEnts with intermittent claudication (INITIATE): protocol for a multi-centre, proof-of-concept, prospective interventional study (2020)
Journal Article
Pymer, S., Harwood, A., Ibeggazene, S., McGregor, G., Huang, C., Twiddy, M., …Chetter, I. C. (2020). high INtensity Interval Training In pATiEnts with intermittent claudication (INITIATE): protocol for a multi-centre, proof-of-concept, prospective interventional study. BMJ open, 10(7), Article e038825. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038825

Introduction: The first-line recommended treatment for patients with intermittent claudication (IC), is a supervised exercise programme (SEP), which includes a minimum of 2 hours exercise per week over a 12-week period. However, provision, uptake, an... Read More about high INtensity Interval Training In pATiEnts with intermittent claudication (INITIATE): protocol for a multi-centre, proof-of-concept, prospective interventional study.

Routine exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation does not increase aerobic fitness: A CARE CR study (2020)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Taylor, C., Goodman, T., Page, R., Kallvikbacka-Bennett, A., Nation, F., …Ingle, L. (2020). Routine exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation does not increase aerobic fitness: A CARE CR study. International journal of cardiology, 305, 25-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.01.044

© 2020 The Authors Background: Recent evidence suggests that routine exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) may not lead to a substantial increase in estimated peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak). This could reduce the potential benefits of CR and expl... Read More about Routine exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation does not increase aerobic fitness: A CARE CR study.

The effect of atorvastatin (and subsequent metformin) on adipose tissue acylation-stimulatory-protein concentration and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (2019)
Journal Article
Sathyapalan, T., Hobkirk, J. P., Javed, Z., Carroll, S., Coady, A. M., Pemberton, P., …Atkin, S. L. (2019). The effect of atorvastatin (and subsequent metformin) on adipose tissue acylation-stimulatory-protein concentration and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Frontiers in endocrinology, 10(JUN), Article 394. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00394

Copyright © 2019 Sathyapalan, Hobkirk, Javed, Carroll, Coady, Pemberton, Smith, Cianflone and Atkin. Background: Atorvastatin has been shown to improve cardiovascular risk (CVR) indices in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Low-grade chroni... Read More about The effect of atorvastatin (and subsequent metformin) on adipose tissue acylation-stimulatory-protein concentration and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Insufficient exercise intensity for clinical benefit? Monitoring and quantification of a community-based Phase III cardiac rehabilitation programme: A United Kingdom perspective (2019)
Journal Article
Khushhal, A., Nichols, S., Carroll, S., Abt, G., & Ingle, L. (in press). Insufficient exercise intensity for clinical benefit? Monitoring and quantification of a community-based Phase III cardiac rehabilitation programme: A United Kingdom perspective. PLoS ONE, 14(6), Article e0217654. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217654

Abstract: Background: In recent years, criticism of the percentage range approach for individualised exercise prescription has intensified and we were concerned that sub-optimal exercise dose (especially intensity) may be in part responsible for the... Read More about Insufficient exercise intensity for clinical benefit? Monitoring and quantification of a community-based Phase III cardiac rehabilitation programme: A United Kingdom perspective.

Influence of appendicular skeletal muscle mass on resting metabolic equivalents in patients with cardiovascular disease: Implications for exercise training and prescription (2019)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., O'Doherty, A., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (in press). Influence of appendicular skeletal muscle mass on resting metabolic equivalents in patients with cardiovascular disease: Implications for exercise training and prescription. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319856432

Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of short‐term and lifetime estimated cardiovascular disease risk (2019)
Journal Article
Swainson, M. G., Ingle, L., & Carroll, S. (2019). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of short‐term and lifetime estimated cardiovascular disease risk. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 29(9), 1402-1413. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13468

Development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a public health concern for young-to-middle-aged adults, now exacerbated by the increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) improves the reclassificati... Read More about Cardiorespiratory fitness as a predictor of short‐term and lifetime estimated cardiovascular disease risk.

Does exercise prescription based on estimated heart rate training zones exceed the ventilatory anaerobic threshold in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing usual-care cardiovascular rehabilitation? : a United Kingdom perspective (2019)
Journal Article
Pymer, S., Nichols, S., Prosser, J., Birkett, S., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (in press). Does exercise prescription based on estimated heart rate training zones exceed the ventilatory anaerobic threshold in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing usual-care cardiovascular rehabilitation? : a United Kingdom perspective. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319852711

Background: In the United Kingdom (UK), exercise intensity is prescribed from a fixed percentage range (% heart rate reserve; %HRR) in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes. We aimed to determine the accuracy of this approach by comparing it with an... Read More about Does exercise prescription based on estimated heart rate training zones exceed the ventilatory anaerobic threshold in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing usual-care cardiovascular rehabilitation? : a United Kingdom perspective.

Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with low aerobic capacity and increased mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease - a CARE CR study (2018)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., O'Doherty, A. F., Taylor, C., Clark, A. L., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (2019). Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with low aerobic capacity and increased mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease - a CARE CR study. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 39(1), 93-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12539

BACKGROUND In patients with chronic heart failure, there is a positive linear relationship between skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak ); an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. We investigated the association b... Read More about Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with low aerobic capacity and increased mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease - a CARE CR study.

Is cardiorespiratory fitness related to cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease? A CARE CR study (2018)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Taylor, C., Page, R., Kallvikbacka-Bennett, A., Nation, F., Goodman, T., …Ingle, L. (2018). Is cardiorespiratory fitness related to cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease? A CARE CR study. Sports Medicine - Open, 4(1), https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0138-z

© 2018, The Author(s). Background: Higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with lower morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The mechanisms for this are not fully understood. A more favourable cardiometabo... Read More about Is cardiorespiratory fitness related to cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality risk in patients with coronary heart disease? A CARE CR study.

CARE CR-Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Routine Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation: a study protocol for a community-based controlled study with criterion methods (2018)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Nation, F., Goodman, T., Clark, A. L., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (2018). CARE CR-Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Routine Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation: a study protocol for a community-based controlled study with criterion methods. BMJ open, 8(1), e019216. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019216

Introduction Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Much of this improvement has been attributed to the beneficial effects of structured exercise training. However, UK... Read More about CARE CR-Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory Adaptations to Routine Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation: a study protocol for a community-based controlled study with criterion methods.

The effects of acute interval exercise and strawberry intake on postprandial lipemia (2017)
Journal Article
O’Doherty, A., Jones, H. S., Sathyapalan, T., Ingle, L., & Carroll, S. (2017). The effects of acute interval exercise and strawberry intake on postprandial lipemia. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(11), 2315-2323. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001341

Purpose: Raised postprandial triglycerides (TAG) and related oxidative stresses are strongly associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Acute exercise and strawberry ingestion independently ameliorate postprandial lipid excursions a... Read More about The effects of acute interval exercise and strawberry intake on postprandial lipemia.

Estimated peak functional capacity: an accurate method for assessing change in peak oxygen consumption after cardiac rehabilitation? (2017)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Gleadall-Siddall, D. O., Antony, R., Clark, A. L., Cleland, J. G. F., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (2018). Estimated peak functional capacity: an accurate method for assessing change in peak oxygen consumption after cardiac rehabilitation?. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 38(4), 681-688. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12468

Summary Objective Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is the ‘gold standard’ method of determining VO2peak. When CPET is unavailable, VO2peak may be estimated from treadmill or cycle ergometer workloads and expressed as estimated metabolic equiva... Read More about Estimated peak functional capacity: an accurate method for assessing change in peak oxygen consumption after cardiac rehabilitation?.

Exercise dose and all-cause mortality within extended cardiac rehabilitation: a cohort study (2017)
Journal Article
Taylor, C., Tsakirides, C., Moxon, J., Moxon, J. W., Dudfield, M., Witte, K., …Carroll, S. (2017). Exercise dose and all-cause mortality within extended cardiac rehabilitation: a cohort study. Open heart, 4(2), e000623. https://doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2017-000623

Aims: To investigate the relationship between exercise participation, exercise ‘dose’ expressed as metabolic equivalent (MET) hours (h) per week, and prognosis in individuals attending an extended, community-based exercise rehabilitation programme. M... Read More about Exercise dose and all-cause mortality within extended cardiac rehabilitation: a cohort study.

Validity and reliability of the Apple Watch for measuring heart rate during exercise (2017)
Journal Article
Khushhal, A., Nichols, S., Evans, W., Gleadall-Siddall, D., Page, R., O'Doherty, A. F., …Abt, G. (2017). Validity and reliability of the Apple Watch for measuring heart rate during exercise. SMIO / Sports Medicine International Open, 1(6), E206-E211. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-120195

We examined the validity and reliability of the Apple Watch heart rate sensor during and in recovery from exercise. Twenty-one males completed treadmill exercise while wearing two Apple Watches (left and right wrists) and a Polar S810i monitor (crite... Read More about Validity and reliability of the Apple Watch for measuring heart rate during exercise.

Vitamin D3 supplementation of a high fat high sugar diet ameliorates prediabetic phenotype in female LDLR–/–and LDLR+/+mice (2017)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Hobkirk, J., Browning, M. J., Janus, J., Kheder, R., Saeed, Z., & Stover, C. (2017). Vitamin D3 supplementation of a high fat high sugar diet ameliorates prediabetic phenotype in female LDLR–/–and LDLR+/+mice. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease, 5(2), 151-154. https://doi.org/10.1002/iid3.154

© 2017 The Authors. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. INTRODUCTION: Fatty liver disease is prevalent in populations with high caloric intake. Nutritherapeutic approaches are being considered, such as supplementa... Read More about Vitamin D3 supplementation of a high fat high sugar diet ameliorates prediabetic phenotype in female LDLR–/–and LDLR+/+mice.

The development of a new sport-specific classification of coping and a meta-analysis of the relationship between different coping strategies and moderators on sporting outcomes (2016)
Journal Article
Nicholls, A. R., Carroll, S., Taylor, N. J., & Perry, J. L. (2016). The development of a new sport-specific classification of coping and a meta-analysis of the relationship between different coping strategies and moderators on sporting outcomes. Frontiers in psychology Frontiers Research Foundation, 7(NOV), 1674-1-1674-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01674

There is an ever growing coping and sports performance literature, with researchers using many different methods to assess performance and different classifications of coping. As such, it makes it difficult to compare studies and therefore identify h... Read More about The development of a new sport-specific classification of coping and a meta-analysis of the relationship between different coping strategies and moderators on sporting outcomes.

The repeatability of the abbreviated (4-h) Oral Fat Tolerance Test and influence of prior acute aerobic exercise (2016)
Journal Article
O’Doherty, A. F., Sathyapalan, T., Rigby, A. S., Ingle, L., & Carroll, S. (2018). The repeatability of the abbreviated (4-h) Oral Fat Tolerance Test and influence of prior acute aerobic exercise. European Journal of Nutrition, 57(1), 309-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1320-z

© 2016 The Author(s) Purpose: The Oral Fat Tolerance Test (OFTT) is regarded as a repeatable measure used to assess postprandial triglyceride (TAG) levels, with higher levels observed in cardio-metabolic disorders. Acute aerobic exercise intervention... Read More about The repeatability of the abbreviated (4-h) Oral Fat Tolerance Test and influence of prior acute aerobic exercise.

Submaximal fitness and mortality risk reduction in coronary heart disease: A retrospective cohort study of community-based exercise rehabilitation (2016)
Journal Article
Taylor, C., Tsakirides, C., Moxon, J., Moxon, J. W., Dudfield, M., Witte, K. K., …Carroll, S. (2016). Submaximal fitness and mortality risk reduction in coronary heart disease: A retrospective cohort study of community-based exercise rehabilitation. BMJ open, 6(6), Article e011125. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011125

Objectives To examine the association between submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness (sCRF) and all-cause mortality in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) cohort. Design Retrospective cohort study of participants entering CR between 26 May 1993 and 16 Octob... Read More about Submaximal fitness and mortality risk reduction in coronary heart disease: A retrospective cohort study of community-based exercise rehabilitation.

Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women (2015)
Journal Article
Borkoles, E., Carroll, S., Clough, P., & Polman, R. C. (2016). Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women. Maturitas, 83, 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.09.010

© 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. This is an open access article under the CCBY-NC-ND license. Objective This study examined the effects of a non-dieting lifestyle intervention approach for morbidly obese women designed in the fr... Read More about Effect of a non-dieting lifestyle randomised control trial on psychological well-being and weight management in morbidly obese pre-menopausal women.

Exploring quality of life in patients with and without heart failure (2015)
Journal Article
Zhang, J., Hobkirk, J., Carroll, S., Pellicori, P., Clark, A. L., & Cleland, J. G. (2016). Exploring quality of life in patients with and without heart failure. International journal of cardiology, 202, 676-684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.076

Aims The EuroHeart Failure Survey Questionnaire (EHFSQ-1) has 39 questions on symptoms and quality of life (QoL); many items are related. We sought to identify underlying clusters amongst EHFSQ-1 questions, construct an overall “QoL score” and invest... Read More about Exploring quality of life in patients with and without heart failure.

Variability of automated carotid intima-media thickness measurements by novice operators (2014)
Journal Article
Nichols, S., Milner, M., Meijer, R., Carroll, S., & Ingle, L. (2016). Variability of automated carotid intima-media thickness measurements by novice operators. Clinical physiology and functional imaging, 36(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.12189

Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT) measurements provide a non-invasive assessment of sub-clinical atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to assess the inter- and intra-observer variability of automated C-IMT measurements undertaken by two novi... Read More about Variability of automated carotid intima-media thickness measurements by novice operators.

Development of a composite model derived from cardiopulmonary exercise tests to predict mortality risk in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure (2014)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Rigby, A. S., Sloan, R., Carroll, S., Goode, K. M., Cleland, J. G., & Clark, A. L. (2014). Development of a composite model derived from cardiopulmonary exercise tests to predict mortality risk in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure. Heart, 100(10), 781-786. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304614

Objective: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is used to predict outcome in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure (HF). Single CPET-derived variables are often used, but we wanted to see if a composite score achieved better predictive pow... Read More about Development of a composite model derived from cardiopulmonary exercise tests to predict mortality risk in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure.

Variability in heart rate recovery measurements over 1 year in healthy, middle-aged adults (2014)
Journal Article
Mellis, M. G., Ingle, L., & Carroll, S. (2014). Variability in heart rate recovery measurements over 1 year in healthy, middle-aged adults. International journal of sports medicine, 35(2), 135-138. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1349091

This study assessed the longer-term (12-month) variability in post-exercise heart rate recovery following a submaximal exercise test. Longitudinal data was analysed for 97 healthy middle-aged adults (74 male, 23 female) from 2 occasions, 12 months ap... Read More about Variability in heart rate recovery measurements over 1 year in healthy, middle-aged adults.

The metabolic inter-relationships between changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles with acute weight loss in clinically obese children and adolescents (2013)
Journal Article
Hobkirk, J. P., King, R. F., Davies, I., Harman, N., Gately, P., Pemberton, P., …Carroll, S. (2014). The metabolic inter-relationships between changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles with acute weight loss in clinically obese children and adolescents. Pediatric obesity : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 9(3), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00165.x

Objective Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are highly atherogenic and strongly associated with obesity-related dyslipidemia. The metabolic inter-relationships between weight loss induced changes in waist circumference, triglycerid... Read More about The metabolic inter-relationships between changes in waist circumference, triglycerides, insulin sensitivity and small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles with acute weight loss in clinically obese children and adolescents.

Abnormalities of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with chronic heart failure (2012)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Sloan, R., Carroll, S., Goode, K., Cleland, J. G., & Clark, A. L. (2012). Abnormalities of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with chronic heart failure. Pulmonary Medicine, 2012, 589164. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/589164

Introduction. The relation between minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO(2)) can be characterised by the instantaneous ratio of ventilation to carbon dioxide production, the ventilatory equivalent for CO(2) (VEqCO(2)). We hypothe... Read More about Abnormalities of the ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide in patients with chronic heart failure.

Preexercise galactose and glucose ingestion on fuel use during exercise (2012)
Journal Article
O'Hara, J. P., Carroll, S., Cooke, C. B., Morrison, D. J., Preston, T., & King, R. F. (2012). Preexercise galactose and glucose ingestion on fuel use during exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(10), 1958-1967. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318258bf85

Purpose: This study determined the effect of ingesting galactose and glucose 30 min before exercise on exogenous and endogenous fuel use during exercise. Methods: Nine trained male cyclists completed three bouts of cycling at 60% Wmax for 120 min aft... Read More about Preexercise galactose and glucose ingestion on fuel use during exercise.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in obese premenopausal women (2012)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Marshall, P., Ingle, L., & Borkoles, E. (2012). Cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in obese premenopausal women. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 22(6), e133-e139. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01522.x

Post-exercise heart rate recovery (HRR) has been proposed as a measure of cardiac autonomic dysfunction in apparently healthy adults. We aimed to determine the effects of a lifestyle intervention on HRR among clinically obese premenopausal women. A r... Read More about Cardiorespiratory fitness and heart rate recovery in obese premenopausal women.

Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk: possible protective mechanisms? (2012)
Journal Article
Hamer, M., Ingle, L., Carroll, S., & Stamatakis, E. (2012). Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk: possible protective mechanisms?. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(1), 84-88. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3182251077

INTRODUCTION: The biological mechanisms through which increased physical activity or structured exercise training lowers the risk of recurrent cardiac events are incompletely understood. We examined the extent to which modification of primary risk ma... Read More about Physical activity and cardiovascular mortality risk: possible protective mechanisms?.

Differential Improvements in Lipid Profiles and Framingham Recurrent Risk Score in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation (2011)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Tsakirides, C., Hobkirk, J., Moxon, J. W. D., Dudfield, M., & Ingle, L. (2011). Differential Improvements in Lipid Profiles and Framingham Recurrent Risk Score in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 92(9), 1382-1387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.04.013

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether lipid profiles and recurrent coronary heart disease (CHD) risk could be modified in patients with and without diabetes mellitus undergoing long-term cardiac rehabilitation (CR). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patien... Read More about Differential Improvements in Lipid Profiles and Framingham Recurrent Risk Score in Patients With and Without Diabetes Mellitus Undergoing Long-Term Cardiac Rehabilitation.

Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients (2011)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Carroll, S., Stamatakis, E., & Hamer, M. (2013). Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients. International journal of cardiology, 163(2), 196-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.001

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the addition of lifestyle related variables to the existing Framingham risk score (FRS) for predicting cardiovascular death in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD). De... Read More about Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients.

Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients. (2011)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Ingle, L., Hamer, M., & Stamatakis, E. (2013). Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients. International journal of cardiology, 163(2), 196-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.06.001

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of the addition of lifestyle related variables to the existing Framingham risk score (FRS) for predicting cardiovascular death in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD). DE... Read More about Benefit of adding lifestyle-related risk factors for prediction of cardiovascular death among cardiac patients..

Prognostic significance of different measures of the ventilation-carbon dioxide relation in patients with suspected heart failure (2011)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Sloan, R., Carroll, S., Goode, K., Cleland, J. G., & Clark, A. L. (2011). Prognostic significance of different measures of the ventilation-carbon dioxide relation in patients with suspected heart failure. European journal of heart failure, 13(5), 537-542. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjhf/hfq238

Aims We studied the prognostic significance of the ventilatory equivalent of carbon dioxide production (VEqCO 2 ) at different time-points of a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) in patients with suspected heart failure (HF). Methods and re... Read More about Prognostic significance of different measures of the ventilation-carbon dioxide relation in patients with suspected heart failure.

Impact of a short-term, moderate intensity, lower volume circuit resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetics (2010)
Journal Article
Hazley, L., Ingle, L., Tsakirides, C., Carroll, S., & Nagi, D. (2010). Impact of a short-term, moderate intensity, lower volume circuit resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetics. Research in Sports Medicine, 18(4), 251-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2010.510049

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an 8-week, low frequency, hospital-based resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Participants were self-selected into either an 8-week resistance tr... Read More about Impact of a short-term, moderate intensity, lower volume circuit resistance training programme on metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese type 2 diabetics.

Effects of different impact exercise modalities on bone mineral density in premenopausal women: a meta-analysis (2009)
Journal Article
Martyn-St James, M., & Carroll, S. (2010). Effects of different impact exercise modalities on bone mineral density in premenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 28(3), 251-267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-009-0139-6

Our objective was to assess the effects of differing modes of impact exercise on bone density at the hip and spine in premenopausal women through systematic review and meta-analysis. Electronic databases, key journals and reference lists were searche... Read More about Effects of different impact exercise modalities on bone mineral density in premenopausal women: a meta-analysis.

Emergence of the verification phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max (2009)
Journal Article
Midgley, A. W., & Carroll, S. (2009). Emergence of the verification phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 19(3), 313-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00898.x

Traditional VO2max criteria are typically based on attainment of a VO2 plateau, and threshold values for the respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate and blood lactate concentration. Despite long-standing criticisms directed at these criteria, their us... Read More about Emergence of the verification phase procedure for confirming ‘true’V̇O2max.

Physical activity readiness in patient withdrawals from cardiac rehabilitation. (2009)
Journal Article
Rivett, M. J., Tsakirides, C., Pringle, A., Carroll, S., Ingle, L., & Dudfield, M. (2009). Physical activity readiness in patient withdrawals from cardiac rehabilitation. British Journal of Nursing, 18(3), 188-191. https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2009.18.3.39050

BACKGROUND: Adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programmes may be an important element for improving and maintaining physical activity (PA) behaviour in secondary prevention. Little is known about the PA behaviour in patients who have withdrawn... Read More about Physical activity readiness in patient withdrawals from cardiac rehabilitation..

A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: The case for mixed loading exercise programmes (2008)
Journal Article
Martyn-St James, M., & Carroll, S. (2009). A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: The case for mixed loading exercise programmes. British journal of sports medicine, 43(12), 898-908. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.052704

Objectives: To assess the effects of differing impact exercise protocols on postmenopausal bone loss at the hip and spine. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: Electronic bibliographic databases, key journals and reference lists... Read More about A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: The case for mixed loading exercise programmes.

Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women (2008)
Journal Article
Martyn-St James, M., & Carroll, S. (2008). Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Bone, 43(3), 521-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2008.05.012

Whilst exercise is recommended for optimum bone health in adult women, there are few systematic reviews of the efficacy of walking as singular exercise therapy for postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of prescribe... Read More about Meta-analysis of walking for preservation of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

Changes in body composition in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction initiated on beta-blocker therapy (2007)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Rigby, A. S., Carroll, S., Butterly, R., King, R. F., Cooke, C. B., …Clark, A. L. (2007). Changes in body composition in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction initiated on beta-blocker therapy. Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, 12(1), 46-47

Background: Increasing body mass index, cholesterol and body fat are associated with a better prognosis in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). Beta-blocker usage is associated with changes in body composition and increased bod... Read More about Changes in body composition in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction initiated on beta-blocker therapy.

Cardiorespiratory requirements of the 6-min walk test in older patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and no major structural heart disease (2007)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Wilkinson, M., Carroll, S., Boyes, C., Butterly, R., King, R., …Clark, A. (2007). Cardiorespiratory requirements of the 6-min walk test in older patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and no major structural heart disease. International journal of sports medicine, 28(8), 678-684. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-964886

The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) is widely used to assess functional status in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare metabolic gas exchange during the 6-MWT in older patients with left ventricul... Read More about Cardiorespiratory requirements of the 6-min walk test in older patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and no major structural heart disease.

Prognostic value of the 6 min walk test and self-perceived symptom severity in older patients with chronic heart failure (2007)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Rigby, A. S., Carroll, S., Butterly, R., King, R. F., Cooke, C. B., …Clark, A. L. (2007). Prognostic value of the 6 min walk test and self-perceived symptom severity in older patients with chronic heart failure. European Heart Journal, 28(5), 560-568. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehl527

Background: The 6 min walk test (6-MWT) is a simple and popular test for evaluating functional status in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). However, the prognostic value of the 6-MWT in a large, representative sample of CHF patients, and in p... Read More about Prognostic value of the 6 min walk test and self-perceived symptom severity in older patients with chronic heart failure.

Efficacy of lifestyle intervention on peak exercise cardiac power output and reserve in premenopausal obese females: A randomised pilot study (2007)
Journal Article
Carroll, S., Marshall, P., Borkoles, E., Ingle, L., Barker, D., & Tan, L. B. (2007). Efficacy of lifestyle intervention on peak exercise cardiac power output and reserve in premenopausal obese females: A randomised pilot study. International journal of cardiology, 119(2), 147-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.099

Background: Clinically obese women have a two-fold increased risk for the development of heart failure. Among younger premenopausal females, obesity has been associated with cardiac remodelling and impaired resting systolic and diastolic function. Ho... Read More about Efficacy of lifestyle intervention on peak exercise cardiac power output and reserve in premenopausal obese females: A randomised pilot study.

Prognostic value of the VE/VCO2 slope calculated from different time intervals in patients with suspected heart failure (2006)
Journal Article
Ingle, L., Goode, K., Carroll, S., Sloan, R., Boyes, C., Cleland, J. G., & Clark, A. L. (2007). Prognostic value of the VE/VCO2 slope calculated from different time intervals in patients with suspected heart failure. International journal of cardiology, 118(3), 350-355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2006.07.105

Background: Maximal exercises testing, whether involving cycling- or walking-based protocols, are often not well tolerated in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). The peak oxygen consumption and the slope of the relation between ventilation (V... Read More about Prognostic value of the VE/VCO2 slope calculated from different time intervals in patients with suspected heart failure.