A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors, hormones, and liver markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Javed, Zeeshan; Papageorgiou, Maria; Deshmukh, Harshal; Kilpatrick, Eric; Mann, Vincent; Corless, Lynsey; Abouda, George; Rigby, Alan S.; Atkin, Stephen; Sathyapalan, Thozhukat

Abstract

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic-fatty-liver disease (NAFLD). Vitamin D supplementation may exert positive effects on liver biochemistry in patients with NAFLD; however, its effects on PCOS are unknown. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study explored the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), weight, body mass index (BMI), lipid profile, glucose levels, insulin levels, the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), hormones (free androgen index (FAI), testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and liver markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hyaluronic acid (HA), N-terminal pro-peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), tissue inhibitor of metallo-proteinases-1 (TIMP-1), and the enhanced liver fibrosis (ELF) score). Forty women with PCOS were recruited and randomized to vitamin D (3200 IU) or placebo daily for 3 months. All outcomes were measured at baseline and 3 months follow-up (FU). Greater increases in vitamin D levels were shown in the supplementation group (vitamin D, baseline: 25.6 ± 11.4 nmol/L, FU: 90.4 ± 19.5 nmol/L vs. placebo, baseline: 30.9 ± 11.1 nmol/L, FU: 47.6 ± 20.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Between groups comparisons (% baseline change) revealed significant differences in ALT (p = 0.042) and a weak effect indicating a greater reduction in the HOMA-IR in the vitamin D group (p = 0.051). No further between group differences were seen in other cardiovascular risk factor, liver markers, or hormones. This study supports beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on liver markers and modest improvements in insulin sensitivity in vitamin D deficient women with PCOS.

Citation

Javed, Z., Papageorgiou, M., Deshmukh, H., Kilpatrick, E., Mann, V., Corless, L., Abouda, G., Rigby, A. S., Atkin, S., & Sathyapalan, T. (2019). A randomized, controlled trial of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors, hormones, and liver markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutrients, 11(1), 188. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010188

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 15, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Jan 17, 2019
• Publication Date: Jan 17, 2019
• Deposit Date: Jan 16, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 18, 2019
• Journal: Nutrients
• Print ISSN: 2072-6643
• Electronic ISSN: 2072-6643
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 11
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 188
• Pages: 188
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11010188
• Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome; Vitamin D; Liver markers; Cardiovascular risk factors; Hormones
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/1216416
• Publisher URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/1/188
• Contract Date: Jan 18, 2019