Metabolic risk is associated with sociodemographic characteristics in adolescents from both rural and urban regions from southern Brazil

de Souza, Sonimar; Francisco de Castro Silveira, João; Marques, Kelin Cristina; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Franke, Silvia Isabel Rech; Renner, Jane Dagmar Pollo; Hobkirk, James Philip; Carroll, Sean; Reuter, Cézane Priscila

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of several cardiovascular metabolic disorders are increasingly cause for concern in adolescents worldwide. Given the complex interrelations between metabolic risk (MR) and sociodemographic variables, the present study aims to examine the association between the presence of MR with sociodemographic characteristics (sex, skin color, residential area, and parental socioeconomic status) in adolescents from Southern Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 1,152 adolescents (507 males) aged between 12 and 17 years. MR was assessed using a continuous score (cMetS; sum of Z-scores of the following variables: waist circumference, systolic blood pressure (SBP), glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C, inverse], triglycerides [TG], and estimated cardiorespiratory fitness [CRF, inverse]). Poisson regression was used to examine associations between sociodemographic variables with the dichotomized cMetS and separate metabolic variables. The results were expressed with prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The presence of MR (evaluated by the cMetS) was observed in 8.7% of adolescents. Higher MR was less prevalent among non-white adolescents (PR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93; 0.99). Adolescents living in rural areas had a lower prevalence of the following metabolic variables; low HDL-C (PR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.94; 0.97), elevated TG (PR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92; 0.99), elevated glucose (PR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.95; 0.98), and low CRF levels (PR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.85; 0.92). Whereas, SBP was higher in those living in rural areas (PR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.17). In girls, there was a higher prevalence of raised TG (PR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02; 1.10) and lower levels of CRF (PR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.16; 1.24), but a lower prevalence of elevated glucose (PR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.97; 0.99). Conclusion: Higher MR prevalence was lower in those self-reporting non-white skin color and selected MR factors were less prevalent in those living in rural areas. The identification of groups at higher MR is important for early prevention and monitoring strategies for both Type 2 diabetes and later cardiovascular disease. Future studies should be conducted to assess the socio-cultural aspects of the relationships between MR and socio-cultural and lifestyle variables.

Citation

de Souza, S., Francisco de Castro Silveira, J., Marques, K. C., Gaya, A. R., Franke, S. I. R., Renner, J. D. P., …Reuter, C. P. (2022). Metabolic risk is associated with sociodemographic characteristics in adolescents from both rural and urban regions from southern Brazil. BMC Pediatrics, 22(1), Article 324. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03386-z

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 23, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Jun 2, 2022
• Publication Date: Jun 2, 2022
• Deposit Date: Mar 14, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Mar 16, 2023
• Journal: BMC Pediatrics
• Print ISSN: 1471-2431
• Electronic ISSN: 1471-2431
• Publisher: BioMed Central
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 22
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 324
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-022-03386-z
• Keywords: Risk factors; Cardiovascular diseases; Rural health; Urban health; Metabolic syndrome
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4029819