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Hydrodynamic simulations of the disc of gas around supermassive black holes (HDGAS) -I. Molecular gas dynamics

Raouf, Mojtaba; Viti, Serena; García-Burillo, S.; Richings, Alexander J.; Schaye, Joop; Bemis, Ashley; Nobels, Folkert S.J.; Guainazzi, Matteo; Huang, Ko Yun; Schaller, Matthieu; Impellizzeri, Violette; Holdship, Jon

Authors

Mojtaba Raouf

Serena Viti

S. García-Burillo

Profile image of Alex Richings

Dr Alex Richings A.J.Richings@hull.ac.uk
Lecturer in Data Science, Artificial Intelligence and Modelling

Joop Schaye

Ashley Bemis

Folkert S.J. Nobels

Matteo Guainazzi

Ko Yun Huang

Matthieu Schaller

Violette Impellizzeri

Jon Holdship



Abstract

We present hydrodynamic simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM) within the circumnuclear disc (CND) of a typical active galactic nucleus (AGN)-dominated galaxy influenced by mechanical feedback from an AGN. The simulations are coupled with the CHIMES non-equilibrium chemistry network to treat the radiative-cooling and AGN-heating. A focus is placed on the central 100 pc scale where AGN outflows are coupled to the ISM and constrained by observational Seyfert-2 galaxies. AGN-feedback models are implemented with different wind-velocity and mass-loading factors. We post-process the simulation snapshots with a radiative-transfer code to obtain the molecular emission lines. We find that the inclusion of an AGN promotes the formation of CO in clumpy and dense regions surrounding supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The CO(1-0) intensity maps (<6 Myr) in the CND seem to match well with observations of NGC 1068 with a best match for a model with 5000 km s-1 wind-velocity and a high mass-loading factor. We attempt to discern between competing explanations for the apparent counter-rotating gas disc in the NGC 1068 through an analysis of kinematic maps of the CO line emission. We suggest that mechanical AGN-feedback could explain the alignment-stability of position-angle across the different CND radii around the SMBH through momentum and energy loading of the wind. It is the wind-velocity that drives the disc out of alignment on a 100 pc scale for a long period of time. The position-velocity diagrams are in broad agreement with the predicted Keplerian rotation-curve in the model without AGN, but the AGN models exhibit a larger degree of scatter, in better agreement with NGC 1068 observations.

Citation

Raouf, M., Viti, S., García-Burillo, S., Richings, A. J., Schaye, J., Bemis, A., Nobels, F. S., Guainazzi, M., Huang, K. Y., Schaller, M., Impellizzeri, V., & Holdship, J. (2023). Hydrodynamic simulations of the disc of gas around supermassive black holes (HDGAS) -I. Molecular gas dynamics. Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 524(1), 786-800. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1957

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Jun 25, 2023
Online Publication Date Jun 30, 2023
Publication Date Sep 1, 2023
Deposit Date Aug 17, 2023
Publicly Available Date Aug 18, 2023
Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Print ISSN 0035-8711
Electronic ISSN 1365-2966
Publisher Oxford University Press
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 524
Issue 1
Pages 786-800
DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad1957
Keywords ISM: kinematics and dynamics, ISM: molecules, galaxies: active, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: kinematics and dynamics, galaxies: Seyfert
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4355024

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Copyright Statement
This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.




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