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Community environment, cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: Results from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study

Wu, Yu Tzu; Prina, A. Matthew; Jones, Andrew P.; Barnes, Linda E.; Matthews, Fiona E.; Brayne, Carolon

Authors

Yu Tzu Wu

A. Matthew Prina

Andrew P. Jones

Linda E. Barnes

Carolon Brayne



Abstract

Background: few studies have investigated the impact of the community environment, as distinct from area deprivation, on cognition in later life. This study explores cross-sectional associations between cognitive impairment and dementia and environmental features at the community level in older people.Method: the postcodes of the 2,424 participants in the year-10 interview of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study in England were mapped into small area level geographical units (Lower-layer Super Output Areas) and linked to environmental data in government statistics. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to investigate associations between cognitive impairment (defined as MMSE ≤ 25), dementia (organicity level ≥3 in GMS-AGECAT) and community level measurements including area deprivation, natural environment, land use mix and crime. Sensitivity analyses tested the impact of people moving residence within the last two years.Results: higher levels of area deprivation and crime were not significantly associated with cognitive impairment and dementia after accounting for individual level factors. Living in areas with high land use mix was significantly associated with a nearly 60% reduced odds of dementia (OR: 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8) after adjusting for individual level factors and area deprivation, but there was no linear trend for cognitive impairment. Increased odds of dementia (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.2) and cognitive impairment (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.0) were found in the highest quartile of natural environment availability. Findings were robust to exclusion of the recently relocated.Conclusion: features of land use have complex associations with cognitive impairment and dementia. Further investigations should focus on environmental influences on cognition to inform health and social policies.

Citation

Wu, Y. T., Prina, A. M., Jones, A. P., Barnes, L. E., Matthews, F. E., & Brayne, C. (2015). Community environment, cognitive impairment and dementia in later life: Results from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Age and ageing, 44(6), 1005-1011. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv137

Journal Article Type Article
Publication Date Nov 1, 2015
Deposit Date Dec 8, 2023
Journal Age and Ageing
Print ISSN 0002-0729
Electronic ISSN 1468-2834
Publisher Oxford University Press
Volume 44
Issue 6
Pages 1005-1011
DOI https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afv137
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4453947