Pulse propagation in gravity currents

Allen, P. A.; Dorrell, R. M.; Harlen, O. G.; Thomas, R. E.; McCaffrey, W. D.

Abstract

Real world gravity current flows rarely exist as a single discrete event, but are instead made up of multiple surges. This paper examines the propagation of surges as pulses in gravity currents. Using theoretical shallow-water modeling, we analyze the structure of pulsed flows created by the sequential release of two lock-boxes. The first release creates a gravity current, while the second creates a pulse that eventually propagates to the head of the first current. Two parameters determine the flow structure: the densimetric Froude number at the head of the current, Fr, and a dimensionless time between releases, tre. The shallow-water model enables the flow behavior to be mapped in (Fr, tre) space. Pulse speed depends on three critical characteristic curves: two that derive from the first release and correspond to a wavelike disturbance which reflects between the head of the current and the back of the lock-box and a third that originates from the second release and represents the region of the flow affected by the finite supply of source material. Pulses have non-negative acceleration until they intersect the third characteristic, after which they decelerate. Variations in pulse speed affect energy transfer and dissipation. Critically for lahars, landslides, and avalanches, pulsed flows may change from erosional to depositional, further affecting their dynamics. Gravity current hazard prediction models for such surge-prone flows may underpredict risk if they neglect internal flow dynamics.

Citation

Allen, P. A., Dorrell, R. M., Harlen, O. G., Thomas, R. E., & McCaffrey, W. D. (2020). Pulse propagation in gravity currents. Physics of Fluids, 32(1), Article 016603. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130576

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 10, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Jan 22, 2020
• Publication Date: Jan 1, 2020
• Deposit Date: Feb 13, 2020
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 14, 2020
• Journal: Physics of Fluids
• Print ISSN: 1070-6631
• Electronic ISSN: 1089-7666
• Publisher: American Institute of Physics
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 32
• Issue: 1
• Article Number: 016603
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5130576
• Keywords: Gravity currents; Equations of fluid dynamics; Fluid mechanics; Newtonian mechanics
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/3382860
• Publisher URL: https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.5130576
• Additional Information: Received: 2019-10-04; Accepted: 2019-12-10; Published: 2020-01-22