Dissociating positive and negative influences of verbal processing on the recognition of pictures of faces and objects

Nakabayashi, Kazuyo; Burton, A. Mike; Brandimonte, Maria A.; Lloyd-Jones, Toby J.

Abstract

Four experiments investigated the role of verbal processing in the recognition of pictures of faces and objects. We used (a) a stimulus-encoding task where participants learned sequentially presented pictures in control, articulatory suppression, and describe conditions and then engaged in an old-new picture recognition test and (b) a poststimulus-encoding task where participants learned the stimuli without any secondary task and then either described or not a single item from memory before the recognition test. The main findings were as follows: First, verbalization influenced picture recognition. Second, there were contrasting influences of verbalization on the recognition of faces, compared with objects, that were driven by (a) the st age of processing during which verbalization took place (as assessed by the stimulus-encoding and poststimulus-encoding tasks), (b) whether verbalization was subvocal (whereby one goes through the motions of speaking but without making any sound) or overt, and (c) stimulus familiarity. During stimulus encoding there was a double dissociation whereby subvocal verbalization interfered with the recognition of faces but not objects, while overt verbalization benefited the recognition of objects but not faces. In addition, stimulus familiarity provided an independent and beneficial influence on performance. Post stimulus encoding, overt verbalization interfered with the recognition of both faces and objects, and this interference was apparent for unfamiliar but not familiar stimuli. Together these findings extend work on verbalization to picture recognition and place important parameters on stimulus and task constraints that contribute to contrasting beneficial and detrimental effects of verbalization on recognition memory.

Citation

Nakabayashi, K., Burton, A. M., Brandimonte, M. A., & Lloyd-Jones, T. J. (2012). Dissociating positive and negative influences of verbal processing on the recognition of pictures of faces and objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 38(2), 376-390. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025782

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Publication Date: 2012-03
• Deposit Date: Nov 13, 2014
• Publicly Available Date: Nov 13, 2014
• Journal: Journal of experimental psychology: learning, memory, and cognition
• Print ISSN: 0278-7393
• Publisher: American Psychological Association
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 38
• Issue: 2
• Pages: 376-390
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025782
• Keywords: Linguistics and Language; Experimental and Cognitive Psychology; Language and Linguistics
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/463883
• Publisher URL: http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=search.displayrecord&uid=2011-23157-001
• Additional Information: This article may not exactly replicate the final version published in the APA journal. It is not the copy of record. Copy of article first published in Journal of experimental psychology: learning, memory, and cognition, 2012, v.38, issue 2.
• Contract Date: Nov 13, 2014