Monitoring of Curing Process of Epoxy Resin by Long-Period Fiber Gratings

Ivanov, Oleg V.; Bhavsar, Kaushal; Morgan-Clague, Oliver; Gilbert, James M.

Abstract

The curing of epoxy resin is a complex thermo-chemical process that is difficult to monitor using existing sensing systems. We monitored the curing process of an epoxy resin by using long-period fiber gratings. The refractive index of the epoxy resin increases during the curing process and can be measured to determine the degree of curing. We employed long-period fiber gratings that are sensitive to the refractive index of an external medium for the measurement of refractive index changes in the resin. We observed that the resonances of long-period fiber gratings increased their depth with the increased refractive index of the resin, which was well described by our simulation taking the coupling to radiation modes into account. We demonstrated that the degree of cure can be estimated from the depth of the grating resonances using a phenomenological model. At the same time, long-period fiber gratings are sensitive to temperature variations and internal strains that are induced during curing. These factors may affect the measurements of curing degree and should also be addressed.

Citation

Ivanov, O. V., Bhavsar, K., Morgan-Clague, O., & Gilbert, J. M. (2024). Monitoring of Curing Process of Epoxy Resin by Long-Period Fiber Gratings. Sensors, 24(11), Article 3397. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113397

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 22, 2024
• Online Publication Date: May 25, 2024
• Publication Date: Jun 1, 2024
• Deposit Date: Jun 13, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 14, 2024
• Journal: Sensors
• Print ISSN: 1424-8220
• Electronic ISSN: 1424-8220
• Publisher: MDPI
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 24
• Issue: 11
• Article Number: 3397
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113397
• Keywords: Long-period fiber grating; Epoxy resin; Resin curing; Refractive index sensor; Composite materials
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4708869