Ecological response to environmental change in the Boreal Realm and the origins of three mass extinction events

Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction (2024)
Journal Article
Sun, Y., Farnsworth, A., Joachimski, M. M., Wignall, P. B., Krystyn, L., Bond, D. P., Ravidà, D. C., & Valdes, P. J. (2024). Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction. Science, 385(6714), 1189-1195. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ado2030

The ultimate driver of the end-Permian mass extinction is a topic of much debate. Here, we used a multiproxy and paleoclimate modeling approach to establish a unifying theory elucidating the heightened susceptibility of the Pangean world to the prolo... Read More about Mega El Niño instigated the end-Permian mass extinction.

Marine snowstorm during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (2023)
Journal Article
Grasby, S. E., Ardakani, O. H., Liu, X., Bond, D. P. G., Wignall, P. B., & Strachan, L. J. (2024). Marine snowstorm during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Geology, 52(2), 120-124. https://doi.org/10.1130/G51497.1

The Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) interval is marked by major excursions in both inorganic and organic carbon (C) isotopes. Carbon cycle models predict that these trends were driven by large increases in productivity, yet organic C-rich roc... Read More about Marine snowstorm during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction.

Global oceanic anoxia linked with the Capitanian (Middle Permian) marine mass extinction (2023)
Journal Article
Song, H., Algeo, T., Song, H., Tong, J., Wignall, P., Bond, D. P., Zheng, W., Chen, X., Romaniello, S., Wei, H., & Anbar, A. (2023). Global oceanic anoxia linked with the Capitanian (Middle Permian) marine mass extinction. Earth and planetary science letters, 610, Article 118128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118128

The timing and causation of the Capitanian (late Middle Permian) biocrisis remain controversial. Here, a detailed uranium-isotopic (δ238U) profile was generated for the mid-Capitanian to lower Wuchiapingian of the Penglaitan section (the Guadalupian/... Read More about Global oceanic anoxia linked with the Capitanian (Middle Permian) marine mass extinction.

Sulfidic anoxia in the oceans during the Late Ordovician mass extinctions – insights from molybdenum and uranium isotopic global redox proxies (2021)
Journal Article
Dahl, T. W., Hammarlund, E. U., Rasmussen, C. M. Ø., Bond, D. P., & Canfield, D. E. (2021). Sulfidic anoxia in the oceans during the Late Ordovician mass extinctions – insights from molybdenum and uranium isotopic global redox proxies. Earth-Science Reviews, 220, Article 103748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103748

The Late Ordovician Mass Extinction wiped out 85% of animal species in two phases (LOME1 and LOME2). The kill mechanisms for the extinction phases are debated, but deteriorating climate and the expansion of marine anoxia appear to have been important... Read More about Sulfidic anoxia in the oceans during the Late Ordovician mass extinctions – insights from molybdenum and uranium isotopic global redox proxies.

Global warming and mass extinctions associated with large igneous province volcanism (2021)
Book Chapter
Bond, D. P., & Sun, Y. (2021). Global warming and mass extinctions associated with large igneous province volcanism. In R. E. Ernst, A. J. Dickson, & A. Bekker (Eds.), Large Igneous Provinces: A Driver of Global Environmental and Biotic Changes (83-102). American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119507444.ch3

The coincidence of large igneous province (LIP) eruptions with at least three, if not all, of the Big Five biotic crises of the Phanerozoic implies that volcanism is a key driver of mass extinctions. Many LIP-induced extinction scenarios invoke globa... Read More about Global warming and mass extinctions associated with large igneous province volcanism.

Volcanism and Mass Extinction (2020)
Book Chapter
Font, E., & Bond, D. P. (2021). Volcanism and Mass Extinction. In D. Alderton, & S. A. Elias (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geology (596-606). (2nd ed.). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-409548-9.12108-6

During the Phanerozoic, life on Earth experienced several mass extinctions, each associated with major climatic and environmental changes. The cause(s) of the biotic crises have been debated for decades but recent improvements in radioisotopic dating... Read More about Volcanism and Mass Extinction.

Tellurium in Late Permian-Early Triassic Sediments as a Proxy for Siberian Flood Basalt Volcanism (2020)
Journal Article
Regelous, M., Regelous, A., Grasby, S. E., Bond, D. P., Haase, K. M., Gleißner, S., & Wignall, P. B. (2020). Tellurium in Late Permian-Early Triassic Sediments as a Proxy for Siberian Flood Basalt Volcanism. Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems G³, 21(11), Article e2020GC009064. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GC009064

We measured the concentrations of trace elements in Late Permian to Early Triassic sediments from Spitsbergen. High mercury concentrations in sediments from the level of the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME) at this location were previously attri... Read More about Tellurium in Late Permian-Early Triassic Sediments as a Proxy for Siberian Flood Basalt Volcanism.

Size variations in foraminifers from the early Permian to the Late Triassic: Implications for the Guadalupian-Lopingian and the Permian-Triassic mass extinctions (2020)
Journal Article
Feng, Y., Song, H., & Bond, D. P. (2020). Size variations in foraminifers from the early Permian to the Late Triassic: Implications for the Guadalupian-Lopingian and the Permian-Triassic mass extinctions. Paleobiology, 46(4), 511-532. https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2020.37

The final 10 Myr of the Paleozoic saw two of the biggest biological crises in Earth history: the middlePermian extinction (often termed the Guadalupian–Lopingian extinction [GLE]) that was followed 7–8 Myr later by Earth's most catastrophic loss of d... Read More about Size variations in foraminifers from the early Permian to the Late Triassic: Implications for the Guadalupian-Lopingian and the Permian-Triassic mass extinctions.

Migration controls extinction and survival patterns of foraminifers during the Permian-Triassic crisis in South China (2020)
Journal Article
Benton, M. J., Liu, X., Song, H., Bond, D. P., Tong, J., & Benton, M. (2020). Migration controls extinction and survival patterns of foraminifers during the Permian-Triassic crisis in South China. Earth-Science Reviews, 209, Article 103329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103329

The Permian-Triassic mass extinction, the greatest biotic crisis in Earth history, triggered the complete replacement of ecosystems with the 5–10% surviving species giving rise to the Mesozoic fauna. Despite a long history of systematic studies on Pe... Read More about Migration controls extinction and survival patterns of foraminifers during the Permian-Triassic crisis in South China.

Environmental Control on Biotic Development in Siberia (Verkhoyansk Region) and Neighbouring Areas During Permian-Triassic Large Igneous Province Activity (2020)
Book Chapter
Zakharov, Y. D., Biakov, A. S., Horacek, M., Kutygin, R. V., Sobolev, E. S., & Bond, D. P. (2020). Environmental Control on Biotic Development in Siberia (Verkhoyansk Region) and Neighbouring Areas During Permian-Triassic Large Igneous Province Activity. In J. Guex, J. S. Torday, & W. B. Miller Jr. (Eds.), Morphogenesis, Environmental Stress and Reverse Evolution (197-231). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47279-5_10

We propose an updated ammonoid zonation for the Permian-Triassic boundary succession (the lower Nekuchan Formation) in the Verkhoyansk region of Siberia: (1) Otoceras concavum zone (uppermost Changhsingian); (2) Otoceras boreale zone (lowermost Indua... Read More about Environmental Control on Biotic Development in Siberia (Verkhoyansk Region) and Neighbouring Areas During Permian-Triassic Large Igneous Province Activity.