MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies

Mayerhoefer, Marius E.; Archibald, Stephen J.; Messiou, Christina; Staudenherz, Anton; Berzaczy, Dominik; Schöder, Heiko

Abstract

The role of MRI differs considerably between the three main groups of hematological malignancies: lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. In myeloma, whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) is recognized as a highly sensitive test for the assessment of myeloma, and is also endorsed by clinical guidelines, especially for detection and staging. In lymphoma, WB-MRI is presently not recommended, and merely serves as an alternative technique to the current standard imaging test, [18F]FDG-PET/CT, especially in pediatric patients. Even for lymphomas with variable FDG avidity, such as extranodal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), but not WB-MRI, is presently recommended, despite the high sensitivity of diffusion-weighted MRI and its ability to capture treatment response that has been reported in the literature. In leukemia, neither MRI nor any other cross-sectional imaging test (including positron emission tomography [PET]) is currently recommended outside of clinical trials. This review article discusses current clinical applications as well as the main research topics for MRI, as well as PET/MRI, in the field of hematological malignancies, with a focus on functional MRI techniques such as diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, on the one hand, and novel, non-FDG PET imaging probes such as the CXCR4 radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-Pentixafor and the amino acid radiotracer [11C]methionine, on the other hand. Level of Evidence: 5. Technical Efficacy Stage: 3.

Citation

Mayerhoefer, M. E., Archibald, S. J., Messiou, C., Staudenherz, A., Berzaczy, D., & Schöder, H. (2020). MRI and PET/MRI in hematologic malignancies. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 51(5), 1325-1335. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26848

• Journal Article Type: Review
• Acceptance Date: Jun 17, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Jul 1, 2019
• Publication Date: May 1, 2020
• Deposit Date: Aug 17, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 19, 2019
• Journal: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Print ISSN: 1053-1807
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 51
• Issue: 5
• Pages: 1325-1335
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmri.26848
• Keywords: Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging
• Public URL: https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/2470191
• Publisher URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jmri.26848
• Contract Date: Aug 19, 2019