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Stress appraisals, coping, and coping effectiveness among international cross-country runners during training and competition

Nicholls, Adam R.; Levy, Andrew R.; Grice, Adam; Polman, Remco C. J.

Authors

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Professor Adam Nicholls A.Nicholls@hull.ac.uk
Professor of Psychology/ Leader of the Sport Psychology and Coaching Group

Andrew R. Levy

Adam Grice

Remco C. J. Polman



Abstract

The aims of this study were to explore: (a) stressors (including intensity of the feelings that the appraisal of each stressor generated and control of the stressor) and coping strategies on training and competition days; (b) the relationship between stressor intensity and stressor control; (c) the relationship between stressor intensity and stressor control with coping effectiveness; and (d) the relationship between coping effectiveness and coping automaticity. Participants were 10 elite Caucasian cross-country athletes who maintained a stressor and coping diary for 6 weeks. Results revealed that the runners experienced diverse stressors and used different coping strategies on training and competition days. Stressors were significantly more intense on competition days. Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between stressor intensity and stressor control, and a negative correlation between stressor intensity and coping effectiveness. These results support the notion that stressors and coping are situation-specific variables. Applied practitioners could thus devise situation-specific coping interventions to maximize coping effectiveness.

Citation

Nicholls, A. R., Levy, A. R., Grice, A., & Polman, R. C. J. (2009). Stress appraisals, coping, and coping effectiveness among international cross-country runners during training and competition. European journal of sport science : the official journal of the European College of Sport Science, 9(5), 285-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390902836049

Journal Article Type Article
Online Publication Date Aug 24, 2009
Publication Date 2009-09
Journal EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
Print ISSN 1746-1391
Electronic ISSN 1536-7290
Publisher Taylor and Francis
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 9
Issue 5
Pages 285-293
DOI https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390902836049
Keywords Coping; Stressor intensity; Stressor control; Coping effectiveness; Coping automaticity
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/400077
Publisher URL https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461390902836049