Professor Adam Nicholls A.Nicholls@hull.ac.uk
Professor of Psychology/ Leader of the Sport Psychology and Coaching Group
Snitches get Stitches and End up in Ditches: A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated with Whistleblowing Intentions
Nicholls, Adam R.; Fairs, Lucas R.W.; Toner, John; Jones, Luke; Mantis, Constantine; Barkoukis, Vassilis; Perry, John L.; Micle, Andrei V.; Theodorou, Nikolaos C.; Shakhverdieva, Sabina; Stoicescu, Marius; Vesic, Milica V.; Dikic, Nenad; Andjelkovic, Marija; Muñoz-Guerra Revilla, Jesús; Grimau, Elena García; Martínez, Miguel A.E.; Amigo, Javier A.; Schomöller, Anne
Authors
Lucas R.W. Fairs
Dr John Toner John.Toner@hull.ac.uk
Lecturer in Sports Coaching and Performance
Luke Jones
Constantine Mantis
Vassilis Barkoukis
John L. Perry
Andrei V. Micle
Nikolaos C. Theodorou
Sabina Shakhverdieva
Marius Stoicescu
Milica V. Vesic
Nenad Dikic
Marija Andjelkovic
Jesús Muñoz-Guerra Revilla
Elena García Grimau
Miguel A.E. Martínez
Javier A. Amigo
Anne Schomöller
Abstract
Blowing the whistle on corruption or wrongdoing can facilitate the detection, investigation, and then prosecution of a violation that may have otherwise gone undetected. The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the factors that are associated with intentions to blow the whistle on wrongdoing. We searched Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Complete, Education Research Complete, ERIC, Medline, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, Regional Business News, and SPORTDiscus in January 2020. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Of the 9,136 records identified, 217 studies were included in this systematic review. We identified 8 dimensions, 26 higher-order themes, and 119 lower-order themes. The whistleblowing dimensions were personal factors, organizational factors, cost and benefits, outcome expectancies, the offense, reporting, the wrongdoer, and social factors. Based on the findings, it is apparent that organizations should empower, educate, protect, support, and reward those who blow the whistle, in order to increase the likelihood on individuals blowing the whistle on corruption and wrongdoing. A combined approach may increase whistleblowing intentions, although research is required to test this assertion. From a policy perspective, more consistent protection is required across different countries.
Citation
Nicholls, A. R., Fairs, L. R., Toner, J., Jones, L., Mantis, C., Barkoukis, V., Perry, J. L., Micle, A. V., Theodorou, N. C., Shakhverdieva, S., Stoicescu, M., Vesic, M. V., Dikic, N., Andjelkovic, M., Muñoz-Guerra Revilla, J., Grimau, E. G., Martínez, M. A., Amigo, J. A., & Schomöller, A. (2021). Snitches get Stitches and End up in Ditches: A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated with Whistleblowing Intentions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 631538. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631538
Journal Article Type | Review |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Jun 22, 2021 |
Online Publication Date | Oct 5, 2021 |
Publication Date | Oct 5, 2021 |
Deposit Date | Jun 24, 2021 |
Publicly Available Date | Jun 24, 2021 |
Journal | Frontiers in Psychology |
Electronic ISSN | 1664-1078 |
Publisher | Frontiers Media |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 12 |
Article Number | 631538 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631538 |
Keywords | Intentions; Organizational; Reporting; Whistleblower; Wrongdoing |
Public URL | https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/3793145 |
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Files
Published article
(1.6 Mb)
PDF
Copyright Statement
Copyright © 2021 Nicholls, Fairs, Toner, Jones, Mantis, Barkoukis, Perry, Micle, Theodorou, Shakhverdieva, Stoicescu, Vesic, Dikic, Andjelkovic, Grimau, Amigo and Schomöller. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Accepted article
(1.5 Mb)
PDF
Copyright Statement
Copyright © 2021 Nicholls, Adam R.; Fairs, Lucas R.W.; Toner, John; Jones, Luke; Mantis, Constantine; Barkoukis, Vassilis; Perry, John L.; Micle, Andrei V.; Theodorou, Nikolaos C.; Shakhverdieva, Sabina; Stoicescu, Marius; Vesic, Milica V.; Dikic, Nenad; Andjelkovic, Marija; Muñoz-Guerra Revilla, Jesús; García Grimau, Elena; Martínez, Miguel A.E.; Amigo, Javier A.; Schomöller, Anne. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
You might also like
Stressors and coping strategies in esports: a systematic review
(2024)
Journal Article
Downloadable Citations
About Repository@Hull
Administrator e-mail: repository@hull.ac.uk
This application uses the following open-source libraries:
SheetJS Community Edition
Apache License Version 2.0 (http://www.apache.org/licenses/)
PDF.js
Apache License Version 2.0 (http://www.apache.org/licenses/)
Font Awesome
SIL OFL 1.1 (http://scripts.sil.org/OFL)
MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html)
CC BY 3.0 ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/)
Powered by Worktribe © 2025
Advanced Search