Skip to main content

Research Repository

Advanced Search

Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences

Polman, Remco C. J.; Polman, Remco C.J.; Nicholls, Adam R.; Polman, R. C J; Levy, Andrew R.; Backhouse, Susan H.

Authors

Remco C. J. Polman

Remco C.J. Polman

Profile Image

Professor Adam Nicholls A.Nicholls@hull.ac.uk
Professor of Psychology/ Leader of the Sport Psychology and Coaching Group

R. C J Polman

Andrew R. Levy

Susan H. Backhouse



Abstract

It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences in mental toughness among athletes of different: (a) achievement level, (b) gender, (c) age, (d) sporting experience, and (e) sport type (team vs. individual and contact vs. non-contact sports). Participants were 677 athletes and consisted of sports performers competing at international (n = 60), national (n = 99), county (n = 198), club/university (n = 289), and beginner (n = 31) levels. Results revealed a significant relationship between mental toughness and gender, age, and sporting experience. However, achievement level and the type of sport an athlete participated in was not significantly associated with mental toughness. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Citation

Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and individual differences, 47(1), 73-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Feb 3, 2009
Online Publication Date Mar 14, 2009
Publication Date 2009-07
Journal PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
Print ISSN 0191-8869
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 47
Issue 1
Pages 73-75
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006
Keywords General Psychology
Public URL https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/391316
Publisher URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886909000750?via%3Dihub