Dr Mohammed Ismail's Outputs (64)

Comparative analysis and optimization of performance of air-breathing and conventional PEM fuel cells (2025)
Journal Article
Abdulrahman, F., Ismail, M. S., & Sarathy, S. M. (2025). Comparative analysis and optimization of performance of air-breathing and conventional PEM fuel cells. Fuel, 390, Article 134723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134723

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are a critical part of the energy transition as they can be sustainably powered by hydrogen fuel. They have gained significant attention recently due to their compact design and simplified system, whic... Read More about Comparative analysis and optimization of performance of air-breathing and conventional PEM fuel cells.

Characterisation of double-sided graphene microporous layers for improved polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance (2024)
Journal Article
Ruscillo, F., Ismail, M. S., Gautama, Z. A., Nishihara, M., Hughes, K. J., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2025). Characterisation of double-sided graphene microporous layers for improved polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 98, 576-589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.12.094

This study experimentally evaluates the effects of double-sided microporous layer coated gas diffusion layers, comparing conventional Vulcan black with graphene-based microporous layers. Key properties and fuel cell performance were analysed. The res... Read More about Characterisation of double-sided graphene microporous layers for improved polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance.

Polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating with nickel foam-based gas diffusion layers: A numerical investigation (2024)
Journal Article
Ercelik, M., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2025). Polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating with nickel foam-based gas diffusion layers: A numerical investigation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 104, 496-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.084

Due to their outstanding structural, transport and electrical characteristics, nickel foams serve as excellent candidate materials for gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). In this work, a new three-dimensional PEFC m... Read More about Polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating with nickel foam-based gas diffusion layers: A numerical investigation.

Influence of catalyst agglomerate internal structure on PEFC performance investigated by a multiscale numerical model (2024)
Journal Article
Tian, J., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2024). Influence of catalyst agglomerate internal structure on PEFC performance investigated by a multiscale numerical model. Fuel, 371, pt.A, Article 131862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.131862

A multiscale modeling framework, which consists of catalyst agglomerate scale and fuel scale models, has been developed for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The performance of the agglomerate model is numerically linked to the fuel cell model... Read More about Influence of catalyst agglomerate internal structure on PEFC performance investigated by a multiscale numerical model.

Patterned hydrophobic gas diffusion layers for enhanced water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (2024)
Journal Article
Calili-Cankir, F., Can, E. M., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., Pourkashanian, M., Lyth, S. M., & Ismail, M. S. (2024). Patterned hydrophobic gas diffusion layers for enhanced water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Chemical Engineering Journal, 484, Article 149711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.149711

Flooding of the cathode due to water accumulation is one of the biggest limiting factors in the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). This study therefore attempts to solve this issue by fabricating gas diffusion layers (GDLs) with d... Read More about Patterned hydrophobic gas diffusion layers for enhanced water management in polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

Characterisation of Novel and High Performing Double-Sided Microporous-Layers-Coated Gas Diffusion Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (2023)
Journal Article
Ruscillo, F., Zhang, K., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2023). Characterisation of Novel and High Performing Double-Sided Microporous-Layers-Coated Gas Diffusion Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. Energies, 16(22), Article 7601. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16227601

This study aims to experimentally evaluate the impact of a double-sided microporous layer coating on gas diffusion layers in terms of their key properties and fuel cell performance, in comparison to conventional single-sided coated gas diffusion laye... Read More about Characterisation of Novel and High Performing Double-Sided Microporous-Layers-Coated Gas Diffusion Layers for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.

Effect of Microporous Layer Ink Homogenisation on the Through-Plane Gas Permeability of PEFC Porous Media (2023)
Journal Article
Neehall, N. D., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., & Pourkashanian, M. (2023). Effect of Microporous Layer Ink Homogenisation on the Through-Plane Gas Permeability of PEFC Porous Media. Energies, 16(16), Article 5944. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16165944

The through-plane gas permeability and morphology of PEFC gas diffusion media (GDM) is investigated for different microporous layer (MPL) ink homogenisation techniques (bath sonication and magnetic stirring) for low- (Vulcan XC-72R) and high (Ketjenb... Read More about Effect of Microporous Layer Ink Homogenisation on the Through-Plane Gas Permeability of PEFC Porous Media.

X-ray CT-based numerical investigation of nickel foam-based GDLs under compression (2023)
Journal Article
Ercelik, M., Ismail, M. S., Hughes, K. J., Ingham, D. B., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2024). X-ray CT-based numerical investigation of nickel foam-based GDLs under compression. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 50(Part B), 1338-1357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.07.001

Nickel foams feature superior structural and transport characteristics and are therefore strong candidates to be used as gas diffusion layers (GDLs) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). In this work, the impact of compression on the key structu... Read More about X-ray CT-based numerical investigation of nickel foam-based GDLs under compression.

Air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A review (2023)
Journal Article
Calili-Cankir, F., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2023). Air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A review. Renewable energy, 213, 86-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.05.134

Air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells have become a promising power source to provide uninterrupted power for small electronic devices. This review focuses primarily on describing how the air-breathing PEFC performance is improved through opti... Read More about Air-breathing polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A review.

Single- and Double-Sided Coated Gas Diffusion Layers Used in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Numerical Study (2023)
Journal Article
Okereke, I. C., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2023). Single- and Double-Sided Coated Gas Diffusion Layers Used in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Numerical Study. Energies, 16(11), Article 4363. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114363

A new three-dimensional numerical model of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) with a single straight channel was developed to primarily investigate the important impact of the double-sided microporous layer (MPL) coating on the overall performanc... Read More about Single- and Double-Sided Coated Gas Diffusion Layers Used in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells: A Numerical Study.

Optimisation and characterisation of graphene-based microporous layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (2023)
Journal Article
Lee, F. C., Ismail, M. S., Zhang, K., Ingham, D. B., Aldakheel, F., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., El-Kharouf, A., & Pourkashanian, M. (2024). Optimisation and characterisation of graphene-based microporous layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 51 part D, 1311-1325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.05.003

The viability of graphene-based microporous layers (MPLs) for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells is critically assessed through detailed characterisation of the morphology, microstructure, transport properties and electrochemical characterisatio... Read More about Optimisation and characterisation of graphene-based microporous layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.

Multiphase, three-dimensional PEM fuel cell numerical model with a variable cross-sectional area flow channel (2023)
Journal Article
Tian, J., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2023). Multiphase, three-dimensional PEM fuel cell numerical model with a variable cross-sectional area flow channel. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow, 33(8), 2778-2799. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-02-2023-0075

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the impact of three different flow channel cross sections on the performance of the fuel cell. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive three-dimensional polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell model has bee... Read More about Multiphase, three-dimensional PEM fuel cell numerical model with a variable cross-sectional area flow channel.

Al2O3–H2O nanofluids for cooling PEM fuel cells: A critical assessment (2022)
Journal Article
Zeiny, A., Al-Baghdadi, M. A., Arear, W. F., & Ismail, M. S. (2022). Al2O3–H2O nanofluids for cooling PEM fuel cells: A critical assessment. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 47(91), 38823-38836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.040

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising eco-friendly and sustainable power generation technology. Thermal management of these cells is one of the main challenges facing their commercialization. Alumina nanofluids, in addition to o... Read More about Al2O3–H2O nanofluids for cooling PEM fuel cells: A critical assessment.

Efficient X-ray CT-based numerical computations of structural and mass transport properties of nickel foam-based GDLs for PEFCs (2022)
Journal Article
Ercelik, M., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2023). Efficient X-ray CT-based numerical computations of structural and mass transport properties of nickel foam-based GDLs for PEFCs. Energy, 262, Article 125531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.125531

Nickel foams are excellent candidate materials for gas diffusion layers (GDLs) for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) and this is due to their superior structural and transport properties. A highly computationally-efficient framework has been dev... Read More about Efficient X-ray CT-based numerical computations of structural and mass transport properties of nickel foam-based GDLs for PEFCs.

The effects of GDL anisotropic transport properties on the PEFC performance (2022)
Journal Article
Okereke, I. C., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2023). The effects of GDL anisotropic transport properties on the PEFC performance. International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Fluid Flow, 33(2), 648-672. https://doi.org/10.1108/HFF-05-2022-0284

Purpose: This paper aims to numerically investigate the impact of gas diffusion layer (GDL) anisotropic transport properties on the overall and local performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Design/methodology/approach: A three-dimensio... Read More about The effects of GDL anisotropic transport properties on the PEFC performance.

Dynamic models for air-breathing and conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A comparative study (2022)
Journal Article
Calili-Cankir, F., Ismail, M. S., Berber, M. R., Alrowaili, Z. A., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2022). Dynamic models for air-breathing and conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A comparative study. Renewable energy, 195, 1001-1014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.06.092

Two dynamic models have been built for air-breathing and conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) in order to comparatively investigate the impacts of some key parameters on the transient response to load alterations and the steady-state p... Read More about Dynamic models for air-breathing and conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A comparative study.

Alternative architectures and materials for PEMFC gas diffusion layers: A review and outlook (2022)
Journal Article
Lee, F. C., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., Lyth, S. M., & Pourkashanian, M. (2022). Alternative architectures and materials for PEMFC gas diffusion layers: A review and outlook. Renewable & sustainable energy reviews, 166, Article 112640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112640

This paper reviews some of these new innovations in both the macroporous substrate and the microporous layer (MPL). A diverse range of macroporous substrates and designs is shown, encompassing various carbon-based and metal-based materials and innova... Read More about Alternative architectures and materials for PEMFC gas diffusion layers: A review and outlook.

Intermediate Temperature PEFC’s with Nafion® 211 Membrane Electrolytes: An Experimental and Numerical Study (2022)
Journal Article
Fernihough, O., Ismail, M. S., & El‐kharouf, A. (2022). Intermediate Temperature PEFC’s with Nafion® 211 Membrane Electrolytes: An Experimental and Numerical Study. Membranes, 12(4), Article 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes12040430

This paper evaluates the performance of Nafion 211 at elevated temperatures up to 120 °C using an experimentally validated model. Increasing the fuel cell operating temperature could have many key benefits at the cell and system levels. However, curr... Read More about Intermediate Temperature PEFC’s with Nafion® 211 Membrane Electrolytes: An Experimental and Numerical Study.

Air-breathing versus conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A parametric numerical study (2022)
Journal Article
Calili-Cankir, F., Ismail, M. S., Ingham, D. B., Hughes, K. J., Ma, L., & Pourkashanian, M. (2022). Air-breathing versus conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A parametric numerical study. Energy, 250, Article 123827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123827

Two mathematical models have been built for air-breathing and conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells to explore the reasons affecting the cell performance. A parametric study has been conducted to (i) investigate how each type of fuel cells resp... Read More about Air-breathing versus conventional polymer electrolyte fuel cells: A parametric numerical study.

Corrigendum to “Direct contact membrane distillation: A sensitivity analysis and an outlook on membrane effective thermal conductivity” [J. Membr. Sci. 624 (2021) 119035] (Journal of Membrane Science (2021) 624, (S0376738820316070), (10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119035)) (2021)
Journal Article
Ismail, M. S., Mohamed, A. M., Poggio, D., & Pourkashanian, M. (2022). Corrigendum to “Direct contact membrane distillation: A sensitivity analysis and an outlook on membrane effective thermal conductivity” [J. Membr. Sci. 624 (2021) 119035] (Journal of Membrane Science (2021) 624, (S0376738820316070), (10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119035)). Journal of membrane science, 644, Article 120152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120152

The unit of the average transmembrane flux ([Formula presented]) in the legends of the graphs shown in Figs. 6 and 12, Fig. A1 and Fig. A2 was incorrectly stated as kg m−2 s−1 in the original version of the paper; the correct unit of [Formula present... Read More about Corrigendum to “Direct contact membrane distillation: A sensitivity analysis and an outlook on membrane effective thermal conductivity” [J. Membr. Sci. 624 (2021) 119035] (Journal of Membrane Science (2021) 624, (S0376738820316070), (10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119035)).